2. Take off and put on pneumatic tires.
3. Know the functions of the clutch, carburetor, valves, magneto, spark plug, differential cam shaft, and different speed gears, and be able to explain difference between a two and four-cycle motor.
4. Know how to put out burning gasoline or oil.
5. Have satisfactorily passed the requirements to receive a license to operate an automobile in the community in which he lives.
Aviation
To obtain a merit badge for Aviation a scout must 1. Have a knowledge of the theory of aeroplanes, balloons, and dirigibles.
2. Have made a working model of an {27} aeroplane or dirigible that will fly at least twenty-five yards; and have built a box kite that will fly.
3. Have a knowledge of the engines used for aeroplanes and dirigibles, and be able to describe the various types of aeroplanes and their records.
Bee Farming
To obtain a merit badge for Bee Farming a scout must 1. Have a practical knowledge of swarming, hiving, hives and general apiculture, including a knowledge of the use of artificial combs.
2. Describe different kinds of honey and tell from what sources gathered.
Blacksmithing
To obtain a merit badge for Blacksmithing a scout must 1. Upset and weld a one-inch iron rod.
2. Make a horseshoe.
3. Know how to tire a wheel, use a sledge-hammer and forge, shoe a horse correctly and roughshoe a horse.
4. Be able to temper iron and steel.
Bugling
To obtain a merit badge for Bugling a scout must 1. Be able to sound properly on the Bugle the customary United States Army calls.
Business
To obtain a merit badge for Business a scout must 1. Write a satisfactory business, and a personal letter.
2. State fundamental principles of buying and selling.
3. Know simple bookkeeping.
4. Keep a complete and actual account of personal receipts and expenditures for six months.
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5. State how much money would need to be invested at 5 per cent. to earn his weekly allowance of spending money for a year.
Camping
To obtain a merit badge for Camping a scout must 1. Have slept in the open or under canvas at different times fifty nights.
2. Have put up a tent alone and ditched it.
3. Have made a bed of wild material and a fire without matches.
4. State how to choose a camp site and how to prepare for rain; how to build a latrine (toilet) and how to dispose of the camp garbage and refuse.
5. Know how to construct a raft.
Carpentry
To obtain a merit badge for Carpentry a scout must 1. Know the proper way to drive, set and clinch a nail.
2. Know the different kinds of chisels, planes and saws, and how to sharpen and use them.
3. Know the use of the rule, square, level, plumb-line and mitre.
4. Know how to use compasses for scribing both regular and irregular lines.
5. Make an article of furniture with three different standard joints or splices, with at least one surface of highly polished hard or decorative wood. All work to be done without assistance.
Chemistry
To obtain a merit badge for Chemistry a scout must be able to pass the following test:
1. Define physical and chemical change. Which occurs when salt is dissolved in water, milk sours, iron rusts, water boils, iron is magnetized and mercuric oxide is heated above the boiling point of mercury?
2. Give correct tests for oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine, and carbon dioxide gases.
3. Could you use the above gases to extinguish fire? How?
4. Why can baking soda be used to put out a small fire?
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5. Give tests for a chloride, sulphide, sulphate, nitrate, and carbonate.
6. Give the names of three commercial forms of carbon. Tell how each is made and the purpose for which it is used.
7. What compound is formed when carbon is burned in air?
8. Tell process of making lime and mortar from limestone.
9. Why will fresh plaster harden quicker by burning charcoal in an open vessel near it?
Civics
To obtain a merit badge for Civics a scout must
1. State the principal citizenship requirements of an elector in his state.
2. Know the principal features of the naturalization laws of the United States.
3. Know how President, Vice-President, senators, and congressmen of the United States are elected and their terms of office.
4. Know the number of judges of the Supreme Court of the United States, how appointed, and their term of office.
5. Know the various administrative departments of government, as represented in the President's Cabinet.
6. Know how the governor, lieutenant-governor, senators, representatives, or assemblymen of his state are elected, and their terms of office.
7. Know whether the judges of the principal courts in his state are appointed or elected, and the length of their terms.
8. Know how the principal officers in his town or city are elected and for what terms.
9. Know the duties of the various city departments, such as fire, police, board of health, etc.
10. Draw a map of the town or city in which he lives, giving location of the principal public buildings and points of special interest.
11. Give satisfactory evidence that he is familiar with the {30}
provisions and history of the Declaration of Independence, and the Constitution of the United States.
Conservation
To obtain a merit badge for Conservation a scout must 1. Be able to recognize in the forest all important commercial trees in his neighborhood; distinguish the lumber from each and tell for what purpose each is best suited; tell the age of old blazes on trees which mark a boundary or trail; recognize the difference in the forest between good and bad logging, giving reasons why one is good and another bad; tell whether a tree is dying from injury by fire, by insects, by disease or by a combination of these causes; know what tools to use, and how to fight fires in hilly or in flat country. Collect the seeds of two commercial trees, clean and store them, and know how and when to plant them.
2. Know the effect upon stream-flow of the destruction of forests at head waters; know what are the four great uses of water in streams; what causes the pollution of streams, and how it can best be stopped; and how, in general, water power is developed.
3. Be able to tell, for a given piece of farm land, whether it is best suited for use as farm or forest, and why; point out examples of erosion, and tell how to stop it; give the reasons why a growing crop pointed out to him is successful or why not; and tell what crops should be grown in his neighborhood and why.
4. Know where the great coal fields are situated and whether the use of coal is increasing, and if so at what rate. Tell what are the great sources of waste of coal, in the mines, and in its use, and how they can be reduced.
5. Know the principal game birds and animals in his neighborhood, the seasons during which they are protected, the methods of protection, and the results. Recognize the track of any two of the following: rabbit, fox, deer, squirrel, wild turkey, ruffed grouse and quail.
Cooking
To obtain a merit badge for Cooking a scout must 1. Prove his ability to build a fireplace out of stone or sod {31} or logs, light a fire, and cook in the open the following dishes in addition to those required for a first-class scout: Camp stew, two vegetables, omelet, rice pudding; know how to mix dough, and bake bread in an oven; be able to make tea, coffee, and cocoa, carve properly and serve correctly to people at the table.
Craftsmanship
To obtain a merit badge for Craftsmanship a scout must 1. Build and finish unassisted one of the following articles: a round, square or octagonal tabouret; round or square den or library table; hall or piano bench; rustic arm chair or swing to be hung with chains; or rustic table
2. He must also make plans or intelligent rough sketch drawing of the piece selected.
Cycling
To obtain a merit badge for Cycling a scout must 1. Be able to ride a bicycle fifty miles in ten hours.
2. Repair a puncture.
3. Take apart and clean bicycle and put together again properly.
4. Know how to make reports if sent out scouting on a road.
5. Be able to read a map and report correctly verbal messages.
Dairying
To obtain a merit badge for Dairying a scout must 1. Understand the management of dairy cattle.
2. Be able to milk.
3. Understand the sterilization of milk, and care of dairy utensils and appliances.
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4. Test at least five cows for ten days each, with the Babcock test, and make proper reports.
Electricity
To obtain a merit badge for Electricity a scout must 1. Illustrate the experiment by which the laws of electrical attraction and repulsion are shown.
2. Name three uses of the direct current, and tell how it differs from the alternating current.
3. Make a simple electro-magnet.
4. Have an elementary knowledge of the action of simple battery cells and of the working of electric bells and telephones.
5. Be able to remedy fused wire, and to repair broken electric connections.
6. Construct a machine to make static electricity or a wireless apparatus.
7. Have a knowledge of the method of resuscitation and rescue of a person insensible from shock.
Firemanship
To obtain a merit badge for Firemanship, a scout must 1. Know how to turn in an alarm for fire.
2. Know how to enter burning buildings.
3. Know how to prevent panics and the spread of fire.
4. Understand the use of hose; unrolling, joining up, connecting two hydrants, use of nozzle, etc.
5. Understand the use of escapes, ladders, and chutes, and know the location of exits in buildings which he frequents.
6. Know how to improvise ropes and nets.
7. Know what to do in case of panic, understand the fireman's lift and drag, and how to work in fumes.
8. Understand the use of fire extinguishers; how to rescue animals; how to save property; how to organize a bucket brigade, and how to aid the police in keeping back crowds.
First Aid
To obtain a merit badge for First Aid a scout must 1. Be able to demonstrate the Sylvester and Schaefer methods of resuscitation.
2. Carry a person down a ladder.
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3. Bandage head and ankle.
4. Demonstrate treatment of wound of the neck with severe arterial hemorrhage.
5. Treat mangling injury of the leg without severe hemorrhage.
6. Demonstrate treatment for rupture of varicose veins of the leg with severe hemorrhage.
7. Show treatment for bite of finger by mad dog.
8. Demonstrate rescue of person in contact with electric wire.
9. Apply tourniquet to a principal artery.
10. State chief differences between carbolic poisoning and intoxication.
11. Explain what to do for snake bite.
12. Pass first aid test of American Red Cross Society.
First Aid to Animals
To obtain a merit badge for First Aid to Animals a scout must 1. Have a general knowledge of domestic and farm animals.
2. Be able to treat a horse for colic.
3. Describe symptoms and give treatment for the following: wounds, fractures and sprains, exhaustion, choking, lameness.
4. Understand horseshoeing.
Forestry
To obtain a merit badge for Forestry a scout must 1. Be able to identify twenty-five kinds of trees when in leaf, or fifteen kinds of deciduous (broad leaf) trees in winter, and tell some of the uses of each.
2. Identify twelve kinds of shrubs.
3. Collect and identify samples of ten kinds of wood and be able to tell some of their uses.
4. Determine the height, and estimate the amount of timber, approximately, in five trees of different sizes.
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5. State laws for transplanting, grafting, spraying, and protecting trees.
Gardening
To obtain a merit badge for Gardening, a scout must 1. Dig and care for during the season a piece of ground containing not less than 144 square feet.
2. Know the names of a dozen plants pointed out in an ordinary garden.
3. Understand what is meant by pruning, grafting, and manuring.
4. Plant and grow successfully six kinds of vegetables or flowers from seeds or cuttings.
5. Cut grass with scythe under supervision.
Handicraft
To obtain a merit badge for Handicraft a scout must 1. Be able to paint a door.
2. Whitewash a ceiling.
3. Repair gas fittings, sash lines, window and door fastenings.
4. Replace gas mantles, washers, and electric light bulbs.
5. Solder.
6. Hang pictures and curtains.
7. Repair blinds.
8. Fix curtains, portiere rods, blind fixtures.
9. Lay carpets and mend clothing and upholstery.
10. Repair furniture and china.
11. Sharpen knives.
12. Repair gates.
13. Fix screens on windows and doors.
Horsemanship
To obtain a merit badge for Horsemanship a scout must 1. Demonstrate riding at a walk, trot, and gallop.
2. Know how to saddle and bridle a horse correctly.
3. Know how to water and feed and to what amount, and how to groom a horse properly.
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4. Know how to harness a horse correctly in single or double harness and to drive.
5. Have a knowledge of the power of endurance of horses at work and know the local regulations concerning driving.
6. Know the management and care of horses.
7. Be able to identify unsoundness and blemishes.
8. Know the evils of bearing or check reins and of ill-fitting harness or saddlery.
9. Know two common causes of, and proper remedies for, lameness, and know to whom he should refer cases of cruelty and abuse.
10. Be able to judge as to the weight, height, and age of horses; know three breeds and their general characteristics.
Interpreting
To obtain a merit badge for Interpreting, a scout must 1. Be able to carry on a simple conversation.
2. Write a simple letter on subject given by examiners.
3. Read and translate a passage from a book or newspaper, in French, German, English, Italian, or any language that is not of his own country.
Invention
To obtain a merit badge for Invention a scout must 1. Invent and patent some useful article;
2. Show a working drawing or model of the same.
Leather Working
To obtain a merit badge for Leather Working a scout must 1. Have a knowledge of tanning and curing.
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2. Be able to sole and heel a pair of boots, sewed or nailed, and generally repair boots and shoes.
3. Be able to dress a saddle, repair traces, stirrup leathers, etc., and know the various parts of harness.
Life Saving
To obtain a merit badge for Life Saving a scout must 1. Be able to dive into from seven to ten feet of water and bring from bottom to surface a loose bag of sand weighing five pounds.
2. Be able to swim two hundred yards, one hundred yards on back without using the hands, and one hundred yards any other stroke.
3. Swim fifty yards with clothes on (shirt, long trousers, and shoes as minimum).
4. Demonstrate (a) on land--five methods of release; (b) in the water--
two methods of release; (c) the Schaefer method of resuscitation (prone pressure).
Machinery
To obtain a merit badge for Machinery a scout must 1. State the principles underlying the use and construction of the lathe, steam boiler and engine, drill press and planer.
2. Make a small wood or metal model illustrating the principles of either levers, gears, belted pulleys, or block and fall.
Marksmanship
To obtain a merit badge for Marksmanship a scout must 1. Qualify as a marksman in accordance with the regulations of the National Rifle Association.
Masonry
To obtain a merit badge for Masonry a scout must 1. Lay a straight wall with a corner.
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2. Make mortar and describe process.
3. Use intelligently a plumb-line, level, and trowel.
4. Build a stone oven.
5. Demonstrate a knowledge of various uses for cement.
6. Build a dry wall.
Mining
To obtain a merit badge for Mining a scout must
1. Know and name fifty minerals.
2. Know, name and describe the fourteen great divisions of the earth's crust (according to Geikie).
3. Define watershed, delta, drift, fault, glacier, terrace, stratum, dip; and identify ten different kinds of rock.
4. Describe methods for mine ventilation and safety devices.
Music
To obtain a merit badge for Music a. scout must
1. Be able to play a standard musical instrument satisfactorily.
2. Read simple music.
3. Write a satisfactory essay of not less than five hundred words on the history of American music.
Ornithology
To obtain a merit badge for Ornithology a scout must 1. Have a list of one hundred different kinds of birds personally observed on exploration in the field.
2. Have identified beyond question, by appearance or by note, forty-five different kinds of birds in one day.
3. Have made a good clear photograph of some wild bird, the bird image to be over one half inch in length on the negative.
4. Have secured at least two tenants in bird boxes erected by himself.
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5. Have daily notes on the nesting of a pair of wild birds from the time the first egg is laid until the young have left the nest.
6. Have attracted at least three kinds of birds, exclusive of the English sparrow, to a "lunch counter" which he has supplied.
Painting
To obtain a merit badge for Painting a scout must 1. Have knowledge of how to combine pigments in order to produce paints in shades and tints of color.
2. Know how to add positive colors to a base of white lead or of white zinc.
3. Understand the mixing of oils; turpentine, etc., to the proper consistency.
4. Paint a porch floor or other surface evenly and without laps.
5. Know how and when to putty up nail holes and uneven surfaces.
6. Present for inspection a panel covered with three coats of paint, which panel must contain a border of molding, the body of the panel to be painted in one color and the molding in another.
Pathfinding
To obtain a merit badge for Pathfinding a scout must 1. Know every lane, by-path, and short cut for a distance of at least two miles in every direction around the local scouts' headquarters in the country.
2. Have a general knowledge of the district within a five mile radius of his local headquarters, so as to be able to guide people at any time, by day or night.
3. Know the general direction and population of the five principal neighboring towns and be able to give strangers correct directions how to reach them.
4. Know in the country in the two mile radius, approximately, the number of horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs owned on the five neighboring farms: or in a town must know in a half-mile radius what livery stables, garages and blacksmiths there are.
5. Know the location of the nearest meat markets, bakeries, groceries, and drug stores.
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6. Know where the nearest police station, hospital, doctor, fire alarm, fire hydrant, telegraph and telephone offices, and railroad stations are.
7. Know something of the history of the place, its principal public buildings, such as town or city hall, post-office, schools, and churches.
8. As much as possible of the above information should be entered on a large scale map.
Personal Health
To obtain a merit badge for Personal Health a scout must 1. Write a statement on the care of the teeth.
2. State a principle to govern in eating, and state in the order of their importance, five rules to govern the care of his health.
3. Be able to tell the difference in effect of a cold and hot bath.
4. Describe the effect of alcohol and tobacco on the growing boy.
5. Tell how to care for the feet on a march.
6. Describe a good healthful game and state its merit.
7. Describe the effects of walking as an exercise.
8. Tell how athletics may be overdone.
Photography
To obtain a merit badge for Photography a scout must 1. Have a knowledge of the theory and use of lenses, of the construction of cameras, and the action of developers.
2. Take, develop, and print twelve separate subjects: three interiors, three portraits, three landscapes, and three instantaneous "action photos."
3. Make a recognizable photograph of any wild bird larger than a robin, while on its nest; or a wild animal in its native haunts; or a fish in the water.
Pioneering
To obtain a merit badge for Pioneering a scout must 1. Fell a nine-inch tree or pole in a prescribed direction neatly and quickly.
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2. Tie six knots of knots quickly.
3. Lash spars properly together for scaffolding.
4. Build a modern bridge or derrick.
5. Make a camp kitchen.
6. Build a shack of one kind or another suitable for three occupants.
Plumbing
To obtain a merit badge for Plumbing a scout must 1. Be able to make wiped and brazed joints.
2. Repair a burst pipe.
3. Mend a ball or faucet tap.
4. Understand the ordinary hot and cold water system of a house.
Poultry Farming
To obtain a merit badge for Poultry Farming a scout must 1. Have a knowledge of incubators, foster-mothers, sanitary fowl houses, and coops and runs.
2. Understand rearing, feeding, killing, and dressing birds for market.
3. Be able to pack birds and eggs for market.
4. Raise a brood of not less than ten chickens.
5. Report his observation and study of the hen, turkey, duck, and goose.
Printing
To obtain a merit badge for Printing a scout must 1. Know the names of ten different kinds of type and ten sizes of paper.
2. Be able to compose by hand or machines.
3. Understand the use of hand or power printing machines.
4. Print a handbill set up by himself.
5. Be able to read and mark proof correctly.
Public Health
To obtain a merit badge for Public Health a scout must 1. State what the chief causes of each of the following disease are: tuberculosis, typhoid, malaria.
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2. Draw a diagram showing how the house-fly carries disease.
3. Tell what should be done to a house which has been occupied by a person who has had a c