INDEX
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Page numbers in italics refer to tables and illustrations
Abbey, Edward, 98
Abideen, Suhaila Zein al-, 119–20 abstinence, 283–84
Aché, 91–92, 119, 205, 206, 320n
açia relationships, 129
Acton, Dr. William (Lord), 39, 51
Adam and Eve, 35, 81–82
Adapted Mind, The (Barkow, Cosmides, and Tooby, eds.), 50–51
adolescents, 66, 282–85, 344n
adultery, 97–98, 121–22, 138, 142, 290, 338n
Adult Video Universe, 231
affluenza, 161–62
Africa, 106, 149, 159, 207, 241, 327n, 330n, 332n aggression, 72, 129
of chimps, 64, 68, 70, 76, 189 of humans, 68, 71, 76
of monkeys, xi-xiii, 176
see also violence; war
agriculture, 12–15, 13, 21, 81–83, 87, 180, 211 harems and, 218
health and, 173, 175, 206–7
population growth and, 9, 33, 154, 156, 158, 169 radical change and, 9, 246
transition from foraging to, 8, 83, 173–75, 319n, 328n war and, 191–92, 193
wealth disparities and, 162
Ainley, David, 135
Alamo, the, 19, 24
Alcmene, 228
Alexander, Michele, 277
Alkon, Amy, 26
alpha males, 10, 59–60
Alzheimer’s disease, 298
Amazon, 11, 90–91, 96, 103, 121, 125–26, 144, 184, 308n, 340n
American Journal of Cardiology, 209
American Medical Association, 2, 287
American Society of Plastic Surgery, 259
Amphitryon, 228 anal sex, 283
Anatomist, The (Andahazi), 251
Anatomy of Love, The (Fisher), 74, 114
Andahazi, Federico, 251
Anderson, Terry, 84, 319n–20n
Angier, Natalie, 168, 258–59
Angus, Ian, 170
Anokhin, Andrey, 274 anonymity, 171–72
Antarctica, 134–35
anthropology, 9, 11, 12, 15, 90–92, 105, 106, 108, 171, 185, 203, 340n
misinterpretation, misunderstanding and, 113, 116, 117, 118, 127, 133, 134, 137
antidepressants, 299
antigens, 228, 264
ape anatomy, multiple comparisons of, 224
apes, great, 61–78, 62
humans as, 1, 315n
penis lengths of, 235–36, 235
social organization among, 65–66
sperm competition among, 230
see also bonobos; chimpanzees; gorillas; orangutans appearance, physical:
female, 47, 139, 140
male, 47, 55, 140
Appell, G. N., 169
Aquinas, Thomas, 252
archaeology, 14, 173, 193, 201, 205, 243, 316n, 327n
Ardipithecus ramidus, 216–17, 336n–37n
Aristotle, 228
Armelagos, George, 174
Arrowood, Patricia C., 257–58
Asante, 192–93
Asia, 207, 241, 242, 327n attraction, sexual, 41, 57, 96, 123 attractiveness, male, 55, 275
Australia, 185, 238
Aborigines in, 11, 21–22, 164–65, 176, 185, 203
Australopithecus, 336n
Axelrod, Robert, 168
Aztecs, 192–93
baboons, 59, 62, 63, 65, 72, 116, 178–79
copulation calls of, 257, 258
gelada, 261, 339n
Bailey, Michael, 276–77
Baker, Robin R., 264, 338n, 342n
Baker Brown, Isaac, 250–51, 285
Balzac, Honoré de, 115
Barash, David, 225, 342n
Barcelona, 244
Bari, the, 320n
Barlow, John Perry, 318n
Barnes, Cynthia, 130–31, 134
Bateman, A. J., 51
BBC, 116, 161, 204, 235, 271, 276
Beach, Frank, 96
Beagle, HMS, 26, 31, 164, 181
Beckerman, Stephen, 90–91, 92, 103, 308n
beef, 237, 242
Bellis, Mark, 264, 338n, 342n
Belliveau, Jeannette, 289
Bergner, Daniel, 273, 343n
Berman, Morris, 68
Bernard, Jessie, 295
Bernays, Edward, 345n Berns, Gregory S., 168 betrayal, 4, 167–68, 297, 300
Betzig, Laura, 112
Beyond War (Fry), 193
Bhutan, 221–22
Bible, 81–82, 98, 138, 205, 233–34, 325n
Genesis in, 35, 163, 233 life span in, 53
Psalms in, 200
Bird-David, Nurit, 174
birds, 36, 118, 136–37, 243
Birdsell, Joseph, 203
Birkhead, Tim, 54 birth control, 40, 57
birth control pills, 76, 275, 343n, 344n bisexuality, 276–77
bluebirds, 136
Bodley, John, 171–72 body fat, low, 159
body-size dimorphism, 215–19, 222, 224, 242, 336n–37n body-weight ratios, 205
Boehm, Christopher, 179
Bogucki, Peter, 100, 243
Bolivia, 145
Bolton, Michael, 146 bonding, 104, 149, 171, 308 female-female, 65, 78
group, 315n
mother-child, 106–7
in social organization of apes, 65–66
bone studies, 193, 201, 202, 204–5, 216–17 health and, 173–74, 175
bonobos, 61–65, 62, 69–75, 82, 216–20, 222, 224, 230, 239,
246, 258, 336n
body-size dimorphism in, 216–19
chimps compared with, 69–72, 77–78, 97, 101 copulation duration in, 236, 236
female sexual capacity of, 58, 69, 72–74, 101, 102, 239, 268 group sex of, 12
human erotic response to, 272, 273
humans compared with, 1, 61–62, 63, 69, 72–74, 77–78, 85,
97, 101–2, 102, 134, 225, 234, 240, 242, 243, 245–46, 260,
320n, 332n
multimale-multifemale mating systems of, 45, 66
penis of, 235, 339n
separation of chimps from, 62, 74, 318n
social organization of, 63–64, 65–66, 191 swellings of, 260, 261–62, 261
testicles of, 220, 222, 223, 225, 226–27, 234, 240 warfare and, 186–87, 197–98, 332n
Borman, Frank, 334n
Botswana, 11, 119, 176, 206
Bowlby, John, 29
brain, 8, 140, 171, 205, 216, 274, 319n
Bailey’s fMRI scans of, 276–77 big, 34, 84, 85, 94
cooperation and, 168 of vampire bats, 100
Brazil, 96, 103, 119, 121 infant deaths in, 203
breastfeeding, 7, 13, 42, 77, 111, 159, 259–60, 328n, 342n sharing of, 11, 105
breasts, 13, 35, 224, 259–62, 337n, 342n
augmentation of, 259, 342n
Bristol, University of, 238
Brooks, Nick, 327
Brown, Janelle, 260
Bruhn, John, 162
Bryan, William Jennings, 182
Bubonic plague, 207
bukkake, 338n bulla, 233 bulusela, 346n
Burkino Faso, 105–6
Burma, 140
Buss, David, 53, 55, 141–45 butt bra, 260, 261
butt-crack, 260, 337n buttocks, 260, 261
Caesar, Julius, 95
Caesar and Cleopatra (Shaw), 172
Cai Hua, 129
California, 140, 205
Cambridge University, 161
Campbell, Joseph, 22
Canada, 190
cancer, 206, 209, 238, 297–98
Canela, 103, 120, 138, 146
Cantet, Laurent, 345n
Carter, C. Sue, 136
Cartwright, Samuel, 118
Case of the Female Orgasm, The (Lloyd), 342n casual sexuality, 6, 9–10, 69, 93, 120, 137, 179, 302 of Mosuo, 127–31
Catholic Church, 3, 157, 281, 306–7
Caton, Hiram, 320n
Caucasians, 241
Central America, 99–100, 253
Cernunnos, 341n cervical canal, 234 cervix, 265, 266
Chagnon, Napoleon, 183, 194–97, 334n
Chamberlain, Wilt, 218
Chapin, Henry, 111
Cherlin, Andrew J., 41
Chernela, Janet, 108
Chesterton, G. K., 19, 134
child abuse, 3, 38, 281, 283, 284–88 child care, 6, 94, 105–6, 128, 149, 179 children, 99, 101, 105–12, 148, 162, 306, 310 divorce and, 300
Harris lines in, 173 illegitimate, 322n immunity of, 275, 276
see also infanticide; infant mortality; paternity certainty;
pregnancy
Chile, 327n
chimpanzees, 61–76, 62, 70, 191, 216–20, 224, 246, 258,
320n, 336n, 337n
body-size dimorphism in, 216–19
bonobos compared with, 69–72, 77–78, 97, 101 copulation duration in, 236, 236
female sexual capacity of, 12, 69, 239, 268 food sharing of, 67, 70
humans compared with, 1, 61–65, 67, 68, 73, 77–78, 84, 225,
234, 240, 242, 243, 245–46, 260, 263, 332n
multimale-multifemale mating systems of, 45, 66
orgasm in, 263, 342n
penis of, 235, 236
separation of bonobos from, 62, 74, 318n
sperm competition and, 230
swellings of, 260, 261
testicles of, 10, 220, 223, 225, 226–27, 234, 240
violence and war of, 64–65, 67–70, 186–90, 193, 197–98,
332n–33n
China, 126–31, 191, 241, 344n
abortions in, 335n
infanticide in, 204
Chivers, Meredith, 272–73, 278
Christianity, 97, 157, 164, 321n chromosomes, 238, 239 circumcision, 286–87 civilization, 181, 209, 328n masturbation and, 249
poverty and, 161, 163 clan affiliations, 108
“classic explanation” (Fisher), 59, 60 climate change, 191, 328n clitorectomies, 250–51
clitoris, 140, 250–52, 287, 340n–41n
Cochran, Gregory, 226
Cohen, Sheldon, 208
Colapinto, John, 121
Colbert, Stephen T., 269 colds, 206, 208
college students, as research subjects, 142–43
Colombo, Matteo Realdo, 251–52
Columbus, Christopher, 207 commitment, 23, 57, 128 communism, 171–72
community, 8, 162, 167, 171, 212, 310 meme and, 166
companionship, 2, 31, 81
competition, 66, 158, 162, 180, 188, 327n–28n
female, 55
male, 42, 43, 55, 76, 101, 133, 216–22, 225, 235 sperm, see sperm competition
Comstock, Anthony, 287–88 conception, 90–91, 96, 262, 266 condoms, 240–41, 262, 267, 283 confirmation bias, 117
Congo, Democratic Republic of (formerly Zaire), 71
Conjugal Lewdness (Defoe), 122 consortship, 116
Constant Battles (Le Blanc), 23 continual responsiveness, 101
Cook, James, 95
Coolidge, Calvin, 288–89
Coolidge effect, 289–93, 297 cooperation, 70, 188, 223
of bonobos, 64
in child care, 105–6
human, 65, 66, 68, 75, 77, 100, 102, 105–6, 139, 151, 160,
168, 177–78, 212 copulatory plugs, 234
Cortés, Hernán, 19, 34 cortisol, 208 cosmology, 3–4
crime, 283, 344n
Crocker, Jean, 103, 120
Crocker, William, 103, 120, 146
Crystal, Billy, 256
cultural influence, 22, 23, 37–38, 83, 241–42, 274, 284
Curripaco, 119
Dagara, 105–6
D’Aluisio, Faith, 21
Daly, Martin, 49, 227
Danes, 237
Dangerfield, Rodney, 288
Darkness in El Dorado (Tierney), 195, 334n
Dark Side of Man, The (Ghiglieri), 23, 186–87
Darwin, Charles, 4, 23, 25–33, 42–44, 100, 136, 153–60,
219–22, 243, 316n, 337n
autobiography of, 30, 154 on equality, 163
on female reticence, 27, 39, 40, 42, 51, 96, 229, 266 on harem-based system, 217
on jealousy, 138 kinship terms and, 108
Malthus’s influence on, 27, 154, 155, 164, 326n
on mother-child bond, 106–7
natural selection and, 33, 35–36, 42, 99, 155 respect for Morgan, 43, 44
sexual experience of, 31, 288
sexual selection and, 26, 39, 42, 221, 266
Darwin, Emma Wedgwood, 31, 221
Darwin, Erasmus (grandfather), 29, 30, 36, 316n–17n Darwin, Erasmus (Charles’s brother), 316n, 326n Darwin, Henrietta (Etty), 30
Davenport, William, 294
Dawkins, Richard, 68, 148, 153, 166, 177–78 de Bernières, Louis (Corelli’s Mandolin), 301
Deacon, Terrence W., 84 deceptiveness, 35, 38
Decreta and Cum in unum (papal decree), 3
Defoe, Daniel, 122
Demonic Males (Wrangham and Peterson), 23, 186, 187 demons, 252, 253
dental eruption, 205
Depardieu, Gérard, 20 depression, 267, 297–98
Descent of Man, The (C. Darwin), 25, 30, 155, 266
DeSteno, David A., 144–45
Destroying Angel, The (Money), 286 detribalization, 22, 165
Devil, 252, 341n
de Waal, Franz, 53, 69, 76–77, 178, 188, 319n, 333n
on bonobos, 69, 71, 72, 75, 96–97, 101, 339n
on pair bonds, 77, 115 on promiscuity, 225
Diamond, Jared, 9, 175, 222, 329n
Diamond, Lisa, 278
Dickson Mounds, 173–74
“Discourse on the Origin of Inequality” (Rousseau), 87 disease, 10, 174, 202, 203, 206–10, 207, 334n
heart, 162, 206, 209, 210, 238, 297–98 hysteria, 247–48, 250, 251 masturbation and, 250
slavery and, 118, 254 syphilis, 130, 206, 250 testosterone and, 297–98 tuberculosis, 178–79, 206, 207
“Diseases and Peculiarities of the Negro Race” (Cartwright),
118
divorce, 4, 41–42, 97, 119, 120, 122, 299–300
Dixon, Dwight, 308
Dixon, Joan, 308
Dixson, Alan F., 45, 234, 257, 265, 266, 339n
on female orgasm, 263, 342n
on paraphilias, 280
DNA, 61–62, 70, 136–37, 158, 159–60, 264, 330n
environmental catastrophe and, 160, 191 in sperm cells, 237, 238
testicles and, 226–27, 243 dolphins, 320n dominance:
female, 71–72, 133–34 male, 75, 133, 218, 229
Dongba, 127
Donne, John, 213 dopamine, 168
double-blind methodology, 117
double standard, 26, 35
drapetomania, 118, 254
Drucker, Doris, 111
Druckerman, Pamela, 303
Dugum Dani, 184–85, 184, 331n
Dunbar, Robin, 171
Dunbar’s number, 171
dysaethesia aethiopica, 118
East Anglia, University of, 328n
Easton, Dossie, 310
Ebola, 207
Ecological Implications of Minilivestock (Paoletti), 21 economic game theory, 49, 52
economics, 166–72, 328n
Homo economicus and, 166–68 scarcity-based, 180
sexual, 48–51
tragedy of the commons and, 169–70 ecosystems, 160
Ecuador, 206
Edgerton, Robert, 124, 192–93, 207
egalitarianism, 93, 162, 163, 166, 176, 179, 182–83, 333n
fierce, 9, 11, 100–101
Egalitarians, The (Power), 187–89
eggs (ovum), 25, 53, 55, 220, 226, 235, 265, 266, 267
Egypt, 119–20
Einstein, Albert, 113
ejaculations, 12, 86, 220–21, 222, 227–29, 231, 235, 243 chemicals in, 228
copulation calls and, 258 health and, 238
seminal volume in, 236
Elders, Joycelyn, 287
Encounters at the End of the World, 135
Encyclopedia of Human Evolution, 339n
enemas, 286
Engels, Friedrich, 43
England, 157, 164, 181, 191 commons in, 169, 170 environment, 84, 101, 241–42 body and, 215
catastrophes and, 160, 191, 328n genetics and, 36
toxins in, 237, 240, 340n Ephron, Nora, 292 erections, 233, 286–87
Erikson, Philippe, 94, 108
Essay on the Principle of Population, An (Malthus), 154–55, 169
estrogen-like compounds, 237
Ethical Slut, The (Easton and Liszt), 310
Europe, 142, 159, 207, 241, 289, 294, 327n, 332n foundling hospitals of, 111, 203
medieval, 252
Eve’s Seed (McElvaine), 111 evolution, 46, 58
Darwin’s views on, 27–33, 35–36 rapid change in, 226–27
evolutionary psychology (EP), 23, 36–39, 42, 48–53, 114,
122, 177, 214, 322n human universal and, 115 paternity certainty and, 49
Evolution of Cooperation, The (Axelrod), 168
Evolution of Human Sexuality, The (Symons), 51, 57–58, 126,
295–96
exclusivity, sexual, 48–50, 97, 98, 122, 136 extinction, 160, 191, 293, 327n–28n
extra-pair copulations (EPCs), 57, 96, 121, 125
Fagan, Brian, 319n, 328n
Fall, the, 35, 81–82
family, 2, 6, 41, 53, 75, 107, 109–12, 276, 293, 297, 300
Morgan’s views on, 43
Mosuo, 127, 128
nuclear, 4, 5, 34, 54, 66, 77, 106, 109–10, 115, 116, 117, 216,
219, 242, 246, 263, 306, 310 polyamorous, 305–6, 310 family values, 3
famine, 21–22, 154, 169–70
fascinum, 233
fathers, 108, 109, 112, 128 multiple, 92, 94, 320n
see also paternity; paternity certainty fear, 147–48, 327n
Feinstein, David, 32
Female Choices (Small), 116
Ferguson, Brian, 193, 194, 334n
fertility, 124, 220, 237–40, 260–62, 292, 341n
fertilization, 264–65, 266 fetus, 90–91, 105
fidelity, sexual, 10, 120–21, 129, 305, 309, 310, 311 female, 7, 15, 48–50, 54, 142
finches, 36, 243
Finkel, Michael, 323n
Finkers, Juan, 195
Fisher, Helen, 34, 49, 59, 60, 72–76, 114, 137, 305
Fisher, Maryanne, 325n
Fisher, Terry, 277
FitzRoy, Robert, 164
Flanagan, Caitlin, 302–3
Flatheads, 325n
Flaubert, Gustave, 253
Flintstones, The, 32, 317n
Flintstonization, 31–36, 48, 75, 76, 107, 117
Florida State University, 52
Flynt, Larry, 5
food, 8, 49, 54, 59, 125–26, 139, 149, 160, 173–76, 302, 328n, 331n
caloric reduction and, 208–9
conflict over, 160, 188, 190
Garden of Eden and, 81–82
masturbation and, 288, 345n
sexual anatomy and, 237, 240, 242
sharing of, 6, 11, 34, 67, 70, 78, 99–100, 141, 174, 179
surplus and storage of, 68, 173, 174
taste in, 20–22, 165
see also agriculture
food additives, 237, 240
Food and Drug Administration, 21
foraging, 9, 11–14, 21, 44, 54, 67, 76, 82, 93, 131–32,
173–77, 179–81, 205–6, 210, 315n, 344n
delayed-return (complex), 11n
egalitarianism and, 9, 11, 100–101, 176, 179, 182–83
immediate-return (simple), 11n, 190, 330n, 331n
infanticide and, 203
population growth and, 156, 159, 326n, 327n
research subjects and, 143–44 sedentary, 330n–31n
social life and, 87–88, 94, 100, 139, 160
transition to farming from, 8, 83, 173–75, 319n, 328n
uneconomic man and, 181
war and, 182–85, 184, 190, 193, 330n–31n
Ford, Clellan, 96
foundling hospitals, 111, 203, 322n
Fourier, Charles, 43
Fowles, John, 28, 316n
France, 157, 203, 303
Franklin, Benjamin, 113, 322n
Freeman, Derek, 321n
French Lieutenant’s Woman, The (Fowles), 28
Freud, Sigmund, 28, 43, 271, 279, 288
Friedman, David, 233–34
Fromm, Erich, 179
fruit flies, sperm of, 229–30
frustration, sexual, 282–83, 284, 344n illness and, 10, 247
Fry, Doug, 193
Fuegia, Fuegians, 164
Galápagos, 36, 243
Galileo Galilei, 3, 254
Gallup, Gordon G., 235, 267
Galton, Francis, 37 gangbang, 231
Garber, Paul, 188
Garden of Eden, 81–82
Gawande, Atul, 319n–20n
Gebusi, 184–85, 184, 194
Gekko, Gordon, 152
generosity, 54, 68, 70, 72, 76, 139, 163, 167, 177, 212
genetic economics of sex, 49
genetics, genes, 26, 36, 37–38, 54, 57, 94n, 107, 293
compatibility and, 264–65, 276
egalitarianism and, 100–101 as legacy, 49, 56
male vs. female agenda and, 25
meme compared with, 166
monogamy, 324n–25n
paternity certainty and, 25, 54, 56, 141
genital echo theory, 260, 337n
genital-genital (G-G) rubbing, 78
genital mutilation, 250–51, 253
genitals, male, 84, 215
see also penis; scrotum; testicles geophagy, 328n
Georgia, oral sex in, 283, 344n–45n
Gere, Richard, 50
Germany, 111
Getz, Lowell L., 136
Ghiglieri, Michael, 116, 189
gibbons, 1, 62, 62, 63, 66, 221, 223, 224, 236, 242
black-crested (Hylobates concolor), 339n
body-size dimorphism and, 216, 219
monogamy of, 62, 64, 66, 224, 246, 263, 268, 339n
penis of, 234
Gibran, Kahlil, 105
Gladwell, Malcolm, 171 goats, 272, 280
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 113, 303
Goldberg, Steven, 132–33, 324n
Gombe, 67, 187–88, 268, 333n
gonorrhea, 250
Good, Kenneth, 195, 197, 334n
Goodall, Jane, 65, 67, 116, 183, 187–90, 193, 268
Good Natured (de Waal), 333n
gorillas, 1, 10, 61, 62, 62, 63, 71, 187, 221–27, 224, 239, 242,
337n
body-size dimorphism and, 215, 216
copulation duration in, 236, 236
“Silverback” male, 66, 222
sperm competition and, 230, 236
testicles of, 222, 223, 225, 226–27
Gould, Stephen Jay, 61, 71, 214, 226, 263–64
Gould, Terry, 308
Gowaty, Patricia Adair, 136
Gowdy, John, 166, 180, 181
Graham, Sylvester, 287–88
grandmothers, 107
gratitude, 92
Great Britain, 21–22, 247, 303
Greece, 175
greed, 153, 166, 167
Greeks, ancient, 39–40, 95, 228
Gregor, Thomas, 103
group leveling, 93
group marriage (the primal horde; omnigamy), 43–44, 72, 112
groups, 9–12, 83, 93–97, 315n
cohesion of, 93–96, 102, 103, 139
conflict reduction in, 139
sharing of, 99–100
size of, 170–71, 190–91, 223
group sex, 12, 29, 124, 137, 231–32, 278
Guevara, Che, 307
H1N1 (swine flu), 208
Hadza, 205, 323n
Haggard, Ted, 3, 307
Haiti, 345n
Hamilton, Clive, 161
Hamilton, William J., 257–58
Hamilton Beach Company, 248
Hamlet (Shakespeare), 305
Hamm, Jon, 317n
Hansbury, Griffin, 281–82
happiness, 47, 52–53, 113
Hardin, Garrett, 169–70
Hare, Brian, 68
harems, 217, 218, 222–23
Harpending, Harry, 226
Harris, Christine, 144
Harris, Marvin, 63, 90, 171, 175, 176, 229
Harris lines, 173
Harrison, Laird, 306
Harvey, William, 246
Haselton, Martie, 262
Hawkes, John, 327n–28n
Hawkesworth, James, 95
Heading South, 345n
health, 173–74, 175, 202, 206–8, 211, 238, 276
see also disease
Health and Diseases of Women, The, 247
Heartburn, 292
heart disease, 162, 206, 209, 210, 238, 297–98
height, 200–201
Hendrix, Jimmi, 307
Hepburn, Katharine, xi
Hera, 39–40
Heracles, 228
Herzog, Werner, 135
He’s Just Not Up for It Anymore, 295
hierarchy, 179, 218 of bonobos, 71
of chimps, 66, 67, 68
of humans, 9, 68, 76, 143, 190