Table of Cantons
Table Showing Names, Areas, and Populations Of Cantons
I.
The Lake Dwellers
1-12
Discovery of Lake Settlements—Dr. Ferdinand Keller's explorations—
Three distinct epochs—Daily life of the Lakemen—Lake Settlements
in East Yorkshire.
II.
The Helvetians
13-28
Extent of their territory—Their government and mode of life—
Orgetorix—Divico
beats
the
Roman
forces—Cæsar
routs
Helvetians—Vercingetorix—Valisians—Rhætians.
III.
Helvetia under the Romans
29-43
Cæsar's mode of dealing with Helvetia—Augustus—Helvetia
incorporated into Gaul—Vespasian—Alamanni and Burgundians—
Christianity introduced.
[Pg xiv]
IV.
The Ancestors of the Swiss Nation
44-57
The
Huns
and
their
ravages—Alamanni—Burgundians—"The
Nibelungenlied"—The
Franks
subdue
both
Alamanni
and
Burgundians—Irish monks preach in Switzerland.
V.
The Carolingians—Charlemagne
58-70
Pepin le Bref—Charlemagne—His connection with Zurich.
VI.
The Kingdom of Burgundy; the Duchy of Swabia; and the German
Empire
71-82
Division of Charlemagne's territory into three—Rudolf the Guelf—
Swabian Dukes—Genealogical tables.
VII.
Burgundy and Swabia under the German Emperors
85-94
Bertha, the "Spinning Queen"—Her son Conrad—Helvetia in close
connection with Germany—Henry III.—Struggle with the Papal
power.
VIII.
The Reign of the House of Zaeringen
95-100
Their origin—Freiburg and other towns founded—Bern founded—
Defeated by Savoy—The Crusades.
IX.
The Houses of Kyburg, Savoy, and Habsburg
101-117
Fall of the Zaerings—Kyburg dynasty—Growth of Feudalism—The
Hohenstaufen—Savoy—Rise of the Habsburgs—Rudolf.
[Pg xv]
X.
The Confederation, Or Eidgenossenschaft
118-130
The Forest Cantons—The Oath on the Rütli—Rudolf oppresses the
Waldstätten—Tell and the apple—Investigation as to the facts
relating to the foundation of the League.
XI.
The Battle of Morgarten
131-137
Attempt on Zurich by the Habsburgs—Albrecht—Gathering of the
Wald peoples—Austrian defeat.
XII.
The League of the Eight States
139-146
Lucerne joins the League—Zurich follows—War with Austria—Glarus
attached to the League as an inferior or protected State—Zug joins
the Union—Bern.
XIII.
Zurich an example of a Swiss Town in The Middle Ages
147-157
Abbey Church of our Lady—Influence of the Lady Abbess—Citizens
in three classes—They gradually gain freedom—Trade of the city—
Zurich a literary centre—Uprising of the working classes—A new
constitution.
XIV.
Bern Crushes the Nobility: Great Victory Of Laupen
158-166
Bern of a military bent—Forms a West Swiss Union—Siege of
Solothurn—Bern opposes the Habsburgs—Acquires Laupen—Victory
at Laupen—League of the Eight States completed.
XV.
The Battles of Sempach and Naefels
167-178
Opposition to Austria—Leopold III., Character of—His plans—Defeat
and death at Sempach—Winkelried—Battle of Naefels.
[Pg xvi]
XVI.
How Switzerland came to have Subject Lands
179-189
Acquisition of surrounding territories desirable—Appenzell—Valais—
Graubünden—Aargau—Quarrels with Milan.
XVII.
War between Zurich and Schwyz
190-199
Dispute concerning Toggenburg lands—Stüssi of Zurich and Von
Reding of Schwyz—Zurich worsted—Makes alliance with Austria—
France joins the alliance—Battle of St. Jacques.
XVIII.
Burgundian Wars
200-216
Charles the Bold—Louis XI. of France—Causes which led to the
war—Policy of Bern—Commencement of hostilities—Battle of
Grandson—Morat—Siege of Nancy and death of Charles.
XIX.
Meeting at Stanz, &c.
217-229
Prestige gained by the League—Disputes respecting the admission
of Freiburg and Solothurn—Diet at Stanz—Nicolas von der Flüe—
Covenant of Stanz—Waldmann—His execution.
XX.
The League of the Thirteen Cantons Completed
230-242
Maximilian—Swabian War—Separation of Switzerland from the
Empire—Basel joins the League—Schaffhausen—Appenzell—Italian
wars—Siege of Novara—Battle of Marignano—St. Gall.
XXI.
The Great Councils, Landsgemeinde, and Diet, &c.
243-253
Two kinds of Canton—Constitution of Bern and of Zurich—
Landsgemeinde—Tagsatzung—Intellectual and literary life.
[Pg xvii]
XXII.
The Reformation in German Switzerland
254-268
Zwingli—His early life—His desire for a reformation—Appointed to
Zurich—A national Reformed Church established—Spread of the new
faith—The Kappeler Milchsuppe—Disputes between Luther and
Zwingli—Second quarrel with the Forest—Zwingli killed.
XXIII.
The Reformation in West Switzerland
269-278
Political condition of Vaud and Geneva—Charles III. and Geneva—
The "Ladle Squires"—Bonivard thrown into Chillon—Reformed faith
preached in French Switzerland by Farel—Treaty of St. Julien—
Operations in Savoy.
XXIV.
Geneva and Calvin
279-290
Calvin—His "Institutes"—His Confession of Faith—Banishment from
Geneva—His return—The Consistoire—The "Children of Geneva"—
Servetus burnt—The Academy founded—Calvin's death.
XXV.
The Catholic Reaction
291-302
Droit d'asile—Pfyffer—Carlo Borromeo, Archbishop of Milan—
Borromean League—Protestants driven from Locarno—Switzerland
an asylum for religious refugees—Effect of Swiss Reformation on
England—Revival of learning—Escalade of Geneva.
XXVI.
The Aristocratic Period
303-314
Thirty Years' War—Graubünden and its difficulties—Massacre in
Valtellina—Rohan—Jenatsch—Peasants'
Revolt—Treaty
with
France.
[Pg xviii]
XXVII.
Political Matters in the Eighteenth Century
315-323
Aristocracy
and
plebeians—French
League—Massacre
at
Greifensee—Davel's plot—Bern—Its three castes—Constitutional
struggles in Geneva—Affray in Neuchâtel.
XXVIII.
Switzerland and the Renaissance: Influence of Voltaire and
Rousseau
324-342
Voltaire—Residence at Ferney—No special influence on Geneva—
Rousseau—Madame de Staël—Swiss savants—Zurich a Poets'
Corner—Breitinger, Bodmer, Haller, Klopstock, &c.—Pestalozzi—
Lavater—The Helvetic Society.
XXIX.
The French Revolution and Switzerland
343-359
Swiss Guards massacred in Paris—Insurrection of Stäfa—Treaty of
Campo Formio—The Paris Helvetic Club—The "Lemanic Republic"—
Surrender of Bern—Helvetic Republic proclaimed—Opposition by
Schwyz, Stanz, &c.
XXX.
The "One and Undivided Helvetic Republic"
357-368
A levy ordered by France—Franco-Helvetic alliance—Austrian
occupation—Russian
occupation—Battle
of
Zurich—Suwarow's
extraordinary marches—Heavy French requisitions—Rengger and
Stapfer,—Centralists and Federalists—Napoleon as mediator.
XXXI.
The Mediation Act and Napoleon
369-381
Conference in Paris on Swiss matters—Mediation Act signed—The
Bockenkrieg—Six new cantons formed—Material and intellectual
progress—Extinction of Diet—The "Long Diet"—Congress of
Vienna—Completion of twenty-two cantons.
[Pg xix]
XXXII.
Switzerland under the Constitution of 1815-48
382-394
Dissatisfaction with results of Vienna Congress—The French
revolution of 1830—The "Day of Uster"—The Siebner Concordat—
Catholic League—Progress of education—Political refugees in
Switzerland—Louis Philippe—Louis Napoleon—Disturbances in
Zurich by the Anti-Nationalists—The Sonderbund War.
XXXIII.
Under the Constitution of 1848
395-407
New Federal Constitution—Federal Assembly—Federal Council—
Federal Tribunal—Powers of the individual cantons—Military
service—Neuchâtel
troubles—Federal
Pact
amended—The
Initiative—The Referendum.
XXXIV.
Industry, Commerce, Railways, Education. The "Right of Asylum"
408-421
Extent of trade—Exports and imports—Railways—Education—Keller
the poet—The Geneva Convention—International Postal Union—
International Labour Congress—Switzerland as a political asylum—
Franco-German War—Summary of population statistics.
Genealogical Tables
Index
[Pg xxi]
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
The Illustration titled UPPER FALL OF THE REICHENBACH
(MEYRINGEN) in the list of Illustrations actually is THE STANDARD-
BEARERS OF SCHWYZ, URI, UNTERWALDEN AND ZÜRICH. The
original text has the wrong description in the list of illustrations.
PAGE
LAKE DWELLINGS, ZURICH LAKE, FROM A DESIGN BY DR.
FERDINAND KELLER
MAP, SHOWING LAKE SETTLEMENTS AROUND ZURICH
LAKE, BY MR. HEIERLI
(1) DECORATION ON SWORD HILT; (2 AND 3), STONE CELTS
FOUND
IN
SWISS
LAKE
DWELLINGS
(COPIED
BY
PERMISSION FROM "HARPER'S MAGAZINE")
(1) VESSEL; (2) SPECIMENS OF WOVEN FABRICS FOUND IN
SWISS
LAKE
DWELLINGS
(COPIED
BY
PERMISSION
FROM "HARPER'S MAGAZINE")
SPECIMENS OF POTTERY FOUND IN SWISS LAKE
DWELLINGS (COPIED BY PERMISSION FROM "HARPER'S
MAGAZINE")
JOHANNISSTEIN,
WITH
RUINS
OF
CASTLE
OF
"HOHENRHÆTIA," NEAR THUSIS, GRAUBÜNDEN
HOUSE (FORMERLY CHAPEL) IN ROMAUNSH STYLE, AT
SCHULS, LOWER ENGADINE, GRAUBÜNDEN
[Pg xxii]
SILVER COIN, VERCINGETORIX (DR. IMHOOF, WINTERTHUR)
GOLD COIN, VESPASIAN [VESPASIANUS IMPERATOR-
AETERNITAS] (DR. IMHOOF)
GOLD COIN OF SIXTEENTH CENTURY [ST. FELIX, ST.
REGULA-SANCTUS CAROLUS] (DR. IMHOOF)
THE EIGER
GREAT
MINSTER
AND
WASSERKIRCHE,
ZURICH
(APPENZELLER, ZURICH)
FURKA PASS
CATHEDRAL (EXTERIOR), LAUSANNE
CHÂTEAU DE VUFFLENS, VAUD (FOURTEENTH CENTURY)
BRONZE
FIGURES
FROM
MAXIMILIAN
MONUMENT,
INNSBRUCK (ARTHUR OF THE ROUND TABLE, BRITAIN;
THEODOBERT, DUKE OF BURGUNDY; ERNEST, DUKE OF
AUSTRIA; THEODORIC, KING OF THE OSTROGOTHS)
THE OLD HABSBURG CASTLE, CANTON AARGAU
THALER OF THE THREE CANTONS (URI, SCHWYZ, AND
UNTERWALDEN)
MAP OF OLD SWITZERLAND
UPPER FALL OF THE REICHENBACH (MEYRINGEN)
PORCH OF BERN MINSTER, WITH STATUE OF RUDOLF VON
ERLACH
WINKELRIED'S MONUMENT, STANZ
ARMS OF URI
ST. JACQUES MONUMENT, BASEL, BY SCHLÖTH
ARMS OF SCHWYZ
ELIZABETH, WIFE OF ALBERT II.; MARIA OF BURGUNDY;
ELEANOR
OF
PORTUGAL;
KUNIGUNDE, SISTER
OF
MAXIMILIAN (FROM MAXIMILIAN MONUMENT, INNSBRUCK)
[Pg xxiii]
MAP OF GRANDSON
OLD WEAPONS AND ARMOUR IN ZURICH ARSENAL
INNER
COURT
OF
THE
ABBEY
OF
OUR
LADY.
LUTH CHAPTER OF ZURICH
ARMS OF UNTERWALDEN
MARBLE RELIEVI, MAXIMILIAN MONUMENT, INNSBRUCK
CITY WALLS OF MURTEN
CUSTOM-HOUSE, FREIBURG
SARNEN, BERN
CITY WALLS, LUCERNE
ULRICH ZWINGLI
MINSTER, BERN
THALER OF 1564 (ST. GALL)
HIGH ALTAR, CHUR CATHEDRAL
ROUSSEAU
PESTALOZZI
HALLER
LAVATER
THE LION OF LUCERNE
LA HARPE
REDING
DILIGENCE CROSSING THE SIMPLON PASS
INTERLAKEN, FROM THE FELSENEGG
POLYTECHNIKUM AT ZURICH
VIEW OF SION
LAW COURTS AT LAUSANNE
"VICTIMS OF THE WORK," ST. GOTHARD TUNNEL, FROM A
BAS-RELIEF
BY
VELA
(BY
SPECIAL PERMISSION
OF
SCULPTOR)
PORTRAIT OF GOTFRIED KELLER, THE POET
INTERIOR OF LAUSANNE CATHEDRAL