Fractures / Injuries
Fracture: a break or crack in a bone.
Closed fracture: fractures in which there is no related external wound.
Open (compound) fracture: fractures associated directly with open wounds (the bone may be visible through the wound).
Dislocation: an injury to the connective tissues holding a joint in position that results in displacement of a bone at the joint.
Sprain: an injury to a joint, ligament, or tendon in the region of a joint. It involves partial tearing or stretching of these structures without dislocation or fracture.
What to Do
** Before treatment, precautions should be taken to prevent biting injury to the first aid provider. Muzzle and or cover the head of the pet.
** Open fractures should be dressed with a wet dressing applied over the opening and bone.
** If possible, the limb should be immobilized with a splint to prevent further injury.
Use any of the following:
- A mountaineering splint (see section on Real Limb in splints).
- A splint fashioned out newspapers or magazines or coat hangers (see both sections on Splints ).
- A splint made of sticks of wood supporting the fracture, fixed in place with tape or cloth.
- Any splint should extend past at least one joint above and one joint below the fracture site.
What NOT to Do
** *If the splint is difficult to apply or the animal objects, do not attempt splinting.
Carefully transport him to a veterinarian.
** Never attempt to set or reduce a fracture or try to push a protruding bone back into position.
A fracture or dislocation or severe sprain may be suspected when the animal suddenly appears lame on a leg, or picks up a leg and won't use it. They may also be suspected following any major fall or blunt injury. Obvious findings of a bone protruding from a wound are rare. What is more common is the unusual angulation or deformation of the fractured area, and swelling. Accurate diagnosis requires the use of x-rays.
An x-ray is the only way to accurately diagnose a fracture.