Understanding Shakespeare: The Merchant of Venice by Robert A. Albano - HTML preview

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Act IV, Scene 1: The Loophole

 

Aloopholeis a means of escapinga difficulty, and the term is frequently applied to certain legal contracts where imprecise or ambiguous wording allows the terms of a contract to be broken or reinterpreted. Portia announces that Shylock “shall have all justice” (316). She is stating that Shylock has legally won the case and may take his pound of flesh from Antonio’s body. But then, as Shylock approaches Antonio with his knife, she tells him to wait and adds

 

He shall have nothing but the penalty.(317)

 

Portia means that Shylock must follow the terms of the contract precisely. She explains about the wording of the legal document and certain conditions that Shylock must follow:

 

(1) The contract does not make any mention of blood. Thus, if Shylock takes even one drop of blood from Antonio, he will be breaking the terms of the contract. Obviously, one cannot cut the flesh off of a person without taking some blood withit.
(2) The contract specifies that Shylock may take exactly one pound of flesh. Portia states that if the weight is not exactly one pound, even if it is just a fraction of an ounce more or less, thenShylock