wholy
arouse
forehead
wooly
vilage
already
forty
vilain
al right
foreign
til
forfeit
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amateur
formaly
perpetual
grandeur
formerly
persuade
perspiration
appal
fulfil
apparatus
wilful
police
appetite
policies
approximate
guardian
opportunity
guessing
presence
opposite
precede
disappoint
imminent
preceptor
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disappearance
immediately
accommodation
fiend
choose
commission
siege
chosen
grammar
friend
inflammation
yielding
boundary
recommend
elementary
summary
seize
symmetrical
receive
final
committee
receipt
finaly
usual
ledger
succeed
usualy
legible
proceed
ascend
assassin
recede
ascent
dissimilar
secede
discerning
essential
accede
discipline
messenger
intercede
discontent
concede
discreet
necessary
supersede
descent
necessity
passport
199. Words ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, if monosylables, or
if the last sylable is accented, double the final consonant before the ending -ed and -ing, but
not before -ence; as,
rob, rob bed, rob bing, rob bers.
confer, confer red, confer ring, confer ence.
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transmit, transmit ted, transmit ting, transmi ssion.
impel, impel ed, impel ing, imp ulsion.
Similar to the above are.
defer, infer, prefer, refer, transfer, occur (occurrence), abhor (abhorrence), omit, remit,
permit, commit, beset, impel, compel, repel, excel (excelence), mob, sob, rub, skid.
If these words are not accented on the last sylable, the consonant is not doubled; as,
benefit, benefit ed, benefit ing, benefi cial.
Similar are:
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differ, summon, model.
200. Words ending in silent e drop the e before a suffix beginning with a vowel; as,
arrive, arriv ing, arriv ed, arriv al.
precede, preced ed, preced ing, preced ence.
receive, receiv ed, receiv ing.
Similar are:
move, write, blame, tame, come, receive, believe, relieve, grieve, deceive, conceive,
perceive, seize, precede, concede, supersede, recede, argue, rue, construe, woe, pursue.
201. Words ending in -ge, -ce, or -se, retain the e before endings: as,
arrange, arrangement; arrange, arranging.
Similar are:
gauge, manage, balance, finance, peace, service, amuse, use.
202. Words in -dge do not retain the e before endings; as, acknowledge,
acknowledg ment, acknowledg ed, acknowledg ing.
Similar are:
nudge, judge.
203. Most words ending in y preceded by a consonant change y to i before al endings Page 208
except- ing:
busy, bus iness, bus ied, busy ing.
Similar are:
duty, mercy, penny, pity, vary, weary, study.
204. Words of similar sound:
canvas (cloth)
principle (rule)
canvass (al meanings except cloth)
principal (chief)
capitol (a building)
stationary (immovable)
capital (al meanings except building)
stationery (articles)
counsel (advice or an adviser)
miner (a workman)
council (a body of persons)
minor (under age)
complement (a completing element)
angel (a spiritual being)
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compliment (praise)
angle (geometrical)
205. Miscellaneous words:
annual
laundry
schedule
awkward
leisure
separate
beneficial
lenient
Spaniard
decimal
license
speak
exhilarate
mechanical
specimen
familiarize
mediæval
speech
fiber
medicine
spherical
fibrous
militia
subtle
genuine
motor
surely
gluey
negotiate
technical
height
origin
tenement
hideous
pacified
their
hundredths
phalanx
therefore
hysterical
physique
thinnest
icicle
privilege
until
irremediable
prodigies
vengeance
laboratory
rarefy
visible
laid
rinse
wherein
larynx
saucer
yielding
PRONUNCIATION
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206. The folowing list is made up of words that are frequently mispronounced. An effort
has been made to arrange them in groups according to the most frequent source of error in
their pronunciation.
The only marks regularly used are the signs for the long and short sounds of the vowel.
ā as in hate
ī as in high
ū as in use
ă as in hat
ĭ as in hit
ŭ as in run
ē as in me
ō as in old
ōō as in boot
ĕ as in met
ŏ as in hop
ŏŏ as in foot
When sounds are not otherwise indicated take the sound that comes most naturaly to the
tongue.
207. ā as in hate:
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WORD
CORRECT PRONUNCIATION
alma mater
alma māter
apparatus
apparātus
apricot
āpricot
attaché
ăttashā'
audacious
audāshus
balet
băl'lā
blasé
blazā'
blatant
blātant
chasten
chāsen
Cleopatra
Cleopātra
compatriot
compātriot
gratis
grātis or grahtis
harem
hārem or hahrem
heinous
hānous
Page 210
hiatus
hīātus
implacable
implākable
nape
nāp
née
nā
négligé
nāglēzhā'
patron
pātron
protégé
prōtāzhā'
résumé
rāzumā'
tenacious
tenāshus
tomato
tomāto or tomahto
valet
vă'lā or văl'et
vase
vās, vahz, or vāz
veracious
verāshus
vivacious
vivāshus
208. ă as in hat:
alternative
ălternative
Arab
Ăr'ab, not ārab
arid
ăr'id
asphalt
asfălt, not fawlt
bade
băd
catch
not ketch
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defalcate
defăl'kāte, not fawl
diletante
dilletăn'te
forbade
forbăd
granary
grănary
program
pro'grăm, not grum
rapine
răp'ĭn
rational
rătional
sacrament
săcrament
209. ä as in arm:
aunt
änt
behalf
behäf
calf
käf
Page 211
calm
käm
half
häf
laugh
läf
psalm
säm
210. ē as in me:
amenable
amēnable
clique
klēk, not klick
creek
krēk, not krick
either
ēēther (preferable)
mediocre
mēdiocre
naïve
na'ēve ( a as in arm)
neither
nēēther (preferable)
precedence
precē'dence
precedent
prēcē'dent (when an adjective)
predecessor
prēdecessor
predilection
prēdilection
premature
prēmature
quay
kē
resplendent
rēsplen'dent
sacrilegious
sacrilēgious, not - religious
series
sērēz
sleek
slēk, not slick
suite
swēt, not like boot
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211. ĕ as in met:
again
agĕn
against
agĕnst
crematory
krĕm'atōrў
deaf
dĕf, not dēf
heroine
hĕroĭn, not like hero
measure
mĕzhure, not mā
metric
mĕtrik
precedent
prĕc'edent (noun)
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prelate
prĕl'āt
presentation
prĕzentation
sesame
sĕs'amē
steady
stĕdy, not stĭddy
tenet
tĕn'ĕt
weapon
wĕpon, not wēpon
212. ī as in high:
appendicitis
appendicītis
biennial
bīennial
biography
bīography
bronchitis
bronkītis
carbine
carbīne
decisive
decīsive
demise
demīse
dynasty
dī'năstў
finis
fīnis
grimy
grīmy
hiatus
hīā'tus
inquiry
inquī'ry
long-lived
long-līvd
peritonitis
peritonītis
privacy
prīvacy
short-lived
short-līvd
simultaneous
sīmultaneous
tiny
tīny, not tēny
213. ĭ as in hit:
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bicycle
bī'sĭcle
breeches
brĭches
breeching
brĭching
feminine
femĭnĭn
genuine
genuĭn
hypocrisy
hĭpŏk'rĭsў
Page 213
italic
ĭtăl'ĭk
Italian
ĭtalyan
maritime
marĭtĭm
pretty
prĭtty
puerile
pū'erĭl
respite
rĕs'pĭt
tribune
trĭb'ŭn
214. ō as in old:
Adonis
Adōnis
apropos
aprōpō
bowsprit
bōwsprit
brooch
brōch not brōōsh
compromise
comprōmize
jowl
jōl, not like owl
molecular
mōlecular
ogle
ōgle
trow
trō
vocable
vōcable
zoology
zōology, not zōō
215. ŏ as in hop:
choler
kŏler
dolorous
dŏlorous
florid
flŏrid
molecule
mŏlecule
obelisk
ŏbelisk
probity
prŏbity
solecism
sŏlesism
solstice
sŏlstice
stolid
stŏlid
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216. ōō as in boot:
bouquet
bōōkā'
canteloupe
can'talōōp
coup d'état
kōō data'
Page 214
coupon
kōō'pŏn
ghoul
gōōl
hoof
hōōf
roof
rōōf
root
rōōt
route
rōōt
routine
rōōtine
wound
wōōnd
217. ū as in use:
accurate
ăk'kūrāt
culinary
kūlinary
gubernatorial
gūbernatorial
jugular
jūgular
218. ŭ as in us:
constable
kŭnstable
courtesan
kŭr'tezăn
hover
hŭver
iron
iŭrn
monetary
mŭnetary
nothing
nŭthing
wont
wŭnt (different from won't)
219. Miscellaneous words.
adobe
adō'bā
algebra
not brā
alien
ālyen, not alien
ameliorate
amēlyorate
antarctic
antarktik
anti
not antī
archangel
arkangel
archbishop
arch, not ark
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arch fiend
arch, not ark
architect
arkitect
Page 215
awkward
awkward, not ard
Beethoven
bātōven
Bingen
Bĭng'en
blackguard
blag'gard
Bowdoin
bōdn
brougham
brōōm
business
bizness
caldron
kawldron
calk
kawk
Cayenne
kīen'
courtier
kortyer
cuckoo
kŏŏkōō
dilemma
dīlĕm'ma
directly
not dīrectly
disheveled
dishev'ld
Don Juan
Don Jūan or hōōan
drought
drowt
drouth
drowth
extempore
extĕmpore (four sylables)
familiarity
familyarity
gaol
jāl
genealogy
-alogy, not -ology
gemus
genyus
Gloucester
gloster
gooseberry
gōōz, not gōōs
Hawaian
Hawī'yan ( a as in arm)
Helena
hĕl'ena (except St. Helē'na