What are Sexual Transmitted Infections
Microorganism such as viruses, bacteria, parasites and protozoa are the cause of the infections. These infections are then transmitted from one person to another person during sexual intercourse and other sexual activities. Hence, They are called Sexual Transmitted Infections.
Syphilis
It is a serious disease that can lead to blood vessel and brain damage. The initial symptom is a painless ulcer that can be in the anus and therefore not easily seen. Early detection can lead to a complete and early cure.
Gonorrhea bacteria can grow in the warm, moist areas of the reproductive tract, the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body) in men. The bacteria can also grow in the mouth, throat, and anus.
It is the most common STD in Singapore. Aside from screening the Penis, MSM who have anal sex should also test for this STD from the Anus/Rectum. You can still get chlamydia even if your partner does not ejaculate.
Viruses Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
It is the virus that weakens part of our immune system. Our immune system protects us from infection, disease and cancer. And HIV is the cause of AIDS over a period of time if left untreated.
It is caused by two types of viruses. The viruses are called herpes simplex type 1 and herpes simplex type 2. Fluids found in a herpes sore carry the virus, and contact with those fluids can cause infection.
Hepatitis A, B and C
The prevalence of Hepatitis A, B and C among MSM is high. These diseases affect the liver and have different symptoms. Vaccination is a very cost effective way to prevent such infections. If you already have been vaccinated, speak to your Doctor about doing a serologic test to ensure the antibodies are enough.
Human papilloma virus (HPV)
It cause Peri-Anal Warts - A wart is a small, rough growth on the skin resembling a cauliflower or a solid blister. There is no blood or urine test for this. Doctor will have a check on your peri-anal area carefully for the presence of warts.
Certain strains of HPV will not cause warts but might increase the risk of Anal Cancer. This is more so in MSM who also suffer from HIV. Speak to your Doctor about doing an anal swab for cancer causing HPV and anal cancer.
HPV vaccines are now available for men to protect you against warts and cancers.
Pubic lice (“crabs”)
They are parasitic insects found in the pubic or genital area of humans. Pubic lice usually spread through sexual contact and are most common in adults. They can infect people who frequent bathhouses.
It cause a skin rash composed of small red bumps and blisters and affects specific areas of the body. Direct skin-to-skin contact is the mode of transmission.