Over His Shoulder by Geoffrey Clarke - HTML preview

Footnotes and References.

 

Chapter 1.

 

1. Quoted in R L Green Andrew Lang (Leicester 1946).

2. The World's Desire, H Rider Haggard and Andrew Lang,(London, 1890).

3. ibid. p. 25 (Macmillan edition).

4. ibid. p. xii.

5. W E Henley, Lyra Heroica, (London, 1906), an anthology of poetry for boys which does not fail to include his own imperialistic efforts at verse making.

6. The World's Desire, (London, 1890).

7. R L Stevenson, quoted in P B Ellis, Rider Haggard from Haggard, The Days of My Life also Norfolk Registry Ms. 4692/18.

8. Andrew Lang and Rider Haggard, The World's Desire.(London, 1890) p. 177, Macmillan edition.

9. Lang, quoted in R L Green, Andrew Lang.

10. Lang, letter quoted in R L Green, Andrew Lang.

11. Lang, letter quoted in R L Green.

12. Wayne Kostenbaum's highly fetched Double Talk'(NewYork, 1989) is an interesting, but unconvincing attempt to relate the doubled nature of Lang and Haggard to actual texts. It concentrates on vocabulary rather than criticism.

13. Lang and Haggard, The World's Desire p. 140, (MacmillanEdition).

14. H Rider Haggard, Ayesha, 1905.

15. H Rider Haggard, She Dover Publications, (New York,1951) p. 118.

16. Morton Cohen, Rider Haggard (London, 1968).

17. Carl Jung, The Integration of the Personality, (1939), pp.24, 78-80.

18. Academy XXXI, January 15, 1887 pp. 35-36. Athenaeum, LXXIX, January, 1887, quoted in M Cohen, Rider Haggard p. 101.The Critic X. (February 12, 1887) quoted in M Cohen, p. 102.

19. Lang and Haggard, She, Dover edn., p. 230.

20. She Dover edn., p. 78.

21. ibid.

22. She Dover edn., p. 238.

23. She, Dover edn., p. 238.

24. Amazons and Warrior Women, (Brighton, 1981), an interesting look at seventeenth century literary female gender stereotyping.

25. Fulke Greville, Lord Brooke "The Remains" (Oxford,1965).

26. Tennyson, In Memoriam (LXIV 13-16).

27. William Emest Henley, Lyra Heroica see footnote 5.

28. R. Ellison, Oscar Wilde (London, 1989).

29. H Rider Haggard, Alan Quatermain (London, 1877).

30. Martin Seymour-Smith Kipling, (Queen Anne Press, 1989).

31. Yves Hevouet, The French Face of Joseph Conrad,(Cambridge, 1990). Yves Hervouet in Conradia. A Journal of Joseph Conrad Studies.Vol. XIV, No. 1, (Lubbock, Texas 1982). Letter to Davray, the translator of The Secret Agent, 1910. A Cedric Watts in A Preface to Conrad, 1982.

32. J McKenzie, Imperialism and Popular Culture, (London,1987).

33. Letter to Dr Conland 25 to 29 March, 1987. HoughtonLibrary.

34. Letter to Stanley Weyman - quoted in Kipling Journal144, 1962.

35. Rupert Hart-Davis, Hugh Walpole (London, 1952).

36. See that delightful little book Clubland Heroes by Richard Usborne, (London, 1953) for an informative discussion on Domford Yates, Buchan and "Sapper".

37. Montgomery Hyde, Henry James at Home (London, 1969).

38. Peter Keating, The Haunted Study, (London, 1989).

39. John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's Progress, (London, 1878).

40. C S Lewis, The Inner Ring in They Asked for a Paper.(London, 1962).

41. W B Yeats Autobiography ed. Denis Donaghue (London,1972).

42. Martin Seymour Smith Kipling (Queen Anne Press, 1989).

43. J Ruskin, The Mystery of Life and its Arts under the general title of Sesame and Lilies in Rosenberg, The Genius of John Ruskin. (N.Y. 1963).

44. John Betjeman, Summoned by Bells (London, 1960).

45. J Ruskin, Sesame and Lilies p. 107 (London, 1871).

46. John Boswell, "Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality," (Chicago, 1980. pp. 28-29).

47. D Newsome, Godliness and Good Learning. Four Studies on a Victorian Ideal. (London, 1961, p. 216). 3

48. Reverend Edward Thring, Headmaster, Uppingham School, quoted in Ronald Hyam, Empire and Sexuality, The British Experience (Manchester, 1990) "The sexual structures they (the men in charge) encountered or created or adapted have to be built integrally into the imperial picture if it is to be in any sense a true one. The empire was as much a system of prostitution networks as it was (in Kipling's famous phrase) a web of submarine cables."

49. Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's seminal Between Men, (Columbia,1985), is a sensitive and extremely delicate examination of the nature of male homosocial desire.

50. Michel Foucault, History of Sexuality. Volume II "The Care of the Self." (New York, 1985).

51. Edmund Spenser The Shepheardes Calender, Glossary to the month of January.

52. Alan Bray Homosexuality in Renaissance England quotedin Eve Sedgwick Between Men.

53. Traubel, With Walt Whitman, I. 76 and Miller Whitman,V, 72-73 quoted in Between Men.

54. Simone de Beauvoir, Adieux, Harmondsworth, 1981.

55. Basil Henriques, Club Leadership (Oxford, 1933) p. 135.49

 

Chapter 2.

 

1. Andrew Lang in the Contemporary Review, "Realism and Romance". N0. 52, Nov. 1887, p. 684.

2. Andrew Lang, in The Poetical Works of Andrew Lang, edby Mrs Lang. See P Beresford Ellis, H Rider Haggard A Voice from the Infinite. (London, 1978) p. 119

3. Contemporary Review, L II November, 1887, p. 691.

4. George Saintsbury in the Fortnightly Review, "The Present State of the Novel" LXII, September, 1887, p. 417.

5. W E Henley in the Scots Observer, "Modern Men" 27th April, 1889, quoted in P B Ellis H Rider Haggard. (London, 1978), p. 119.

6. Patrick Brantlinger, Rule of Darkness British Literatureandlmperialism 1830-1914. (Ithaca, 1988.) p. 231.

7. See P B Ellis, H Rider Haggard (London, 1978) p. 176.

8. Julia Wedgwood, in Contemporary Review, 49 (April, 1886), pp. 594-95.

9. Alice Brown, Study of Stevenson, (Boston, 1895) quoted in Kostenbaum, Double Talk, p. 145.

10. According to Elaine Showalter, Professor of English at Princeton, the romance narratives were "structured as stories about men told to men." See Sexual Anarchy, (New York,1990), p. 82.

11. H Rider Haggard, "'Elephant Smashing' and 'Lion Sh0oting"', (1894), quoted in Elaine Showalter, Sexual Anarchy, (New York, 1990), p. 82.

12. J H Shorthouse, In The Days of the Comet. (London, 1906), pp. 304-5.

13. For an account of Northrop Frye's 'totalisation' of a llliterary genres, Anatomy of Criticism see Terry Eagleton, Literary Theory (London, 1983), p. 92.

14. Northrop Frye Anatomy of Criticism (Princeton, 1957).

15. Haggard "The Days of My Life", autobiography (London,1926).

16. Robert Louis Stevenson, The Art of Fiction.

17. Peter Keating, The Haunted Study (London, 1989).

18. See Eve Sedgwick, Between Men whose precise analysis founds itself on the premise that homosexual hysteria, or homophobia, and genital homosexuality was a kind of Joseph Heller's Catch 22 situation which men have been unable to unravel.

19. Rider Haggard, "About Fiction" Contemporary Review 51 (1887) p. 172.

20. Rider Haggard, "About Fiction" Contemporary Review51 (1887) p. 172. Andrew Lang, Essays in Little p. 44.

21. Rider Haggard, "About Fiction" Contemporary Review51 (1887) p. 172. Andrew Lang, Essays in Little p. 44.

22. Rider Haggard, "About Fiction" Contemporary Review51 (1887) p. 172. Andrew Lang, Essays in Little p. 44.

23. Robert Louis Stevenson, A Gossip on Romance.

24. Robert Louis Stevenson, A Humble Remonstrance.

25. Conrad, quoted in Peter Keating's admirable The Haunted Study.

26. Haggard King Solomon's Mines.

27. Andrew Lang Essays in Little p. 44.

28. M Mannoni. Quoted in A P Thomton, For the File on Empire, London, 1968. p. 335.

29. R L Stevenson, in Haggard, The Days of My Life pp. 235-241, Quoted in M Cohen Rider Haggard (London, 1968 p. 209).

30. Claude Levi-Strauss "Myth and Mythology".

31. Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness, Norton edition, (New York, 1988) p. 12.

32. Rider Haggard, She, Dover edition (New York, 1951) p.58.

33. Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness, Norton edition, p. 70.34. Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness, Norton edition, p. 55.

35. Rider Haggard, She, Dover edition (New York, 1951) p.57.

36. Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness, Norton edition, p. 55.

37. Rider Haggard, She, Dover edition (New York, 1951) p.166.

38. Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness, Norton edition, p. 66.

39. Robert Louis Stevenson, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (London,1922 edn.)

40. Robert Louis Stevenson, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (London,1922 edn.)

41. An image of violence in Victorian literature which is unrivalled until Pip meets the overpoweringly frightening convict in Dickens' Great Expectations.

42. Robert Louis Stevenson, An Essay on Dreams.

43. Robert Louis Stevenson, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (London,1922 edn.)

44. Krafft-Ebing, quoted in "Psychopathia Sexualis' ',"Stevenson's Strange Case", Critical Quarterly 28 (1986) p.28.

45. "Psychopathia Sexualis", "Stevenson's Strange Case",Critical Quarterly 28 (1986) p. 28.

46. Andrew Lang, Saturday Review, 9 January, 1886, pp. 55-66.

47. Rudyard Kipling, "The Kipling Papers" p. 234, quoted in Lord Birkenhead, Kipling London, 1978.

48. Louis L Cornell, Kipling in India, New York, 1966.

49. The Place Names of Sussex, (Cambridge, 1930, vol II p.415), Quoted in Puck of Pook's Hill ed. by Sarah Wintle,(Harmondswonh, 1987).

50. Charles Carrington, Rudyard Kipling (Harmondsworth,1970).

51. John Connell, WE Henley, (London, 1949).

52. R Lancelyn Green Andrew Lang p. 188.

53. Brian Spiller, Victorian Public Houses, Newton Abbott,1972.

54. Brian Spiller, Victorian Public Houses, Newton Abbott,1972. '

55. Henry James, London written in 1888 in English Hours, quoted in Geoffrey Best Mid-Victorian Britain 1851-75 (London,1971).

56. "The Literary Souvenir". (ed. Alaric A Watts, London,1829). The Literary Souvenir was offered with silk linings and an introduction which attempted to explain its provenance:

57. Frederick W Faxon, Literary Annuals and Gift Books, A Bibliography 1823-1903, (Pinner, 1912).

58. Robert J Kirkpatrick. Bullies, Beaks and Flannelled Fools1742-1990 (London, 1990).

59. See J M McKenzie, Propaganda and Empire, (Manchester,1984) p. 204).

60. Basil Henriques, "Club Leadership" (Oxford, 1933) p.135.

61. Tristram on Loretto School, in J A Mangan, The Games Ethic and Imperialism, (Harmondsworth, 1986) p. 267.

62. Amy Clarke, A History of Cheltenham Ladies College (London, 1953).

63. E Arnot Robertson, in her essay "The Old School" in1934:

64. Rudyard Kipling in an article in an American paper The Yourh's Companion, 1893, quoted in Isabel Quigley, The Heirs of Tom Brown, (London, 1982).

65. Tim Jeal, Baden Powell, (London, 1989) p. 500.

66. Allen Warren, in Imperialism and Popular Culture, (Manchester, 1986).

 

Chapter 3

 

*Title: "Two Pairs of Peepers", The reference to two pairs of eyes comes from Haggard in a Letter dated October 4th, 1890 in Morton Cohen, Rider Haggard (London, 1968) p.187.

 

Chapter 3.

1. Sigmund Freud, Art and Literature, Volume 14, the Freud

Library, (London, 1985 p. xxx).

2. S Scheidlinger in Group Dynamics, (1954), p. 56. ed. by

D Cartwright and A Zander.

3. Leo Nicholeyevich Tolstoy, Die K reutzersonata und andere

erzahlungen. (Munich, 1961.) (Harmondsworth, 1985.)

4. Samuel Butler, The Way ofall Flesh, (London, 1903).

5. Carl Jung quoted in Morton Cohen, Rider Haggard,

(London, 1968).

6. Morton Cohen, Rider Haggard, (London, 1968).

7. James to Stevenson, 21 March, 1890, in Charles Carrington,

Rudyard Kipling (London, 1955).

8. Cambridge Review, 29th January, 1891, quoted in Charles

Carrington, Rudyard Kipling (London, 1955).

9. Haggard. Diary 20 March, 1923.

10. Lilias Haggard, The Cloak That I Left, p. 271 in Morton

Cohen, Rider Haggard, (London, 1968).

11. Charles Carrington, Rudyard Kipling (London, 1955) p.

492.

12. In Charles Carrington, Rudyard Kipling (London, 1955) p.

332 quoted in Morton Cohen, Rider Haggard (London, 1968) p.

167.

159

13. Letter dated Sept. 30, 1911, in Scott, New Colophon pp.

335-365.

l4. Monon Cohen, Rider Haggard (London, 1968).

Rudyard Kipling, Something of Myself (p. 85).

John Addington Symonds in Horatio F. Brown ed. Letters

and Papers of John Addington Symonds (1923) p. 228.

15. Quoted in Kip1ing’s autobiography Something of Myself p.

113 in Morton Cohen, Rider Haggard (London, 1968) p. 207.

16. Morton Cohen, Rider Haggard (London, 1968) p. 206

quoted in Scott New Colophon, pp. 335365.

17. Morton Cohen, Rider Haggard (London, 1968) p. 206 in

Morton Cohen.

18. In Morton Cohen, Rider Haggard (London, 1968) p. 206.

19. J E Scott, Two Footnotes, I1, New Colophon, in Morton

Cohen, Rider Haggard (London, 1968) p. 202.

20. Haggard, Diary, November, 15, 1918.

21. Dedication in The Way of the Spirit (1906) Letter dated

August 14th, 1905.

22. Morton Cohen, Rider Haggard (London, 1968) p. 180.

letter dated March 28th, 1885, (Lockwood Collection).

23. Letter dated 30th April, 1920, quoted in Wayne Kostenbaum,

Double Talk, (New York, 1989).

24. Letter Lang to Haggard, Lockwood Collection, June 2nd,

1897.

25. Lang to Haggard, Lockwood Collection, January 1, 1897.

26. Wayne Kostenbaum, Double Talk, (New York, 1989), James

and Stevenson.

27. Morton Cohen, Rider Haggard (London, 1968) p. 190.

28. Wayne Kostenbaum, Double Talk, (New York, 1989).

29. "To make objections is collaborating" Lang quoted in

Morton Cohen, Rider Haggard (London, 1968) p. 190.

160

30. Morton Cohen,Rider Haggard (London, 1968) p. 183.

31. Roger Lancelyn Green, Andrew Lang, (Leicester, 1946) p.

136.

32. Morton Cohen, Rider Haggard, (London, 1968) letter dated

August 7th, 1890.

33. Stevenson: Letter to Charles Baxter, 18 July, 1892 Vol

XXXIV pp. 208-9 quoted on p. 66 Roger Lancelyn Green, Kipling."

The Critical Heritage, (London, 1971).

34. Andrew Lang, Adventures Among Books "Recollections

of Roben Louis Stevenson" (London, 1905) quoted in Wayne

Kostenbaum Double Talk (New York, 1989) p. 145.

35. Fanny Osboume, Prefatory Note in Robert Louis Stevenson,

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde.

36. W E Henley From a Letter to Stevenson in Paul Maimer,

Robert Louis Stevenson The Critical Heritage (London, 1981) p.

75.

37. John Connell, W E Henley, (London, 1949) p. 257.

38. W E Henley against the Seraph in Chocolate, The Barley-

Sugar Effigy, Pall Mall Gazette December, 1901, XXV 505-14,

quoted in Paul Maimer, Robert Louis Stevenson The Critical

Heritage (London, 1981) pp. 494~500.

39. W E Henley against the Seraph in Chocolate, The Barley-

Sugar Efligy, Pall Mall Gazette December, 1901, XXV 505-14

quoted in Paul Maimer, Robert Louis Stevenson The Critical

Heritage (London, 1981) p. 497.

40. Pall Mall Gazette December, 1901, XXV, 505-14 quoted

in Paul Maimer, Robert Louis Stevenson The Critical Heritage

(London, 1981).

41. John Connell, WE Henley, (London, 1949) p. 325.

42. John Connell, W E Henley, (London, 1949) p. 326.

43. John Connell, W E Henley, (London, 1949) p. 327.

161

44. W E Henley Deacon Brodie in Plays (London, 1921) p.

25.

45. Janet Adam Smith, Henry James and Robert Louis

Stevenson: A Record of a Friendship. (London, 1948) p. 248.

46. Stevenson to James, February 19th, 1890 in Janet Adam

Smith, Henry James and Robert Louis Stevenson: A Record of a

Friendship. (London, 1948) p. 182.

47. The Letters of Henry James ed. Percy Lubbock, (London,

1920) see Kipling." The Critical Heritage p. 65.

48. Rosaline Masson, I Can Remember Robert Louis Stevenson

(London, 1914) in Roger Lancelyn Green, Andrew Lang (London,

1946) p. 178.

49. Letter from James to Stevenson, 5th December, 1884, quoted

in Janet Adam Smith (ed.) Henry James and Robert Louis

Stevenson (London, 1948) p. 101.

50. Robert Louis Stevenson from a letter to Henry James,

dated 8th December, 1884, L.S. ii 232-4 quoted in Paul Maimer,

Robert Louis Stevenson: The Critical Heritage (London, 1981)

p. 145.

51. Poem contained in a letter to Henry James, March 7th,

1886, quoted in Janet Adam Smith (ed.) Henry James and Robert

Louis Stevenson (London, 1948) p. 115.

52. Janet Adam Smith (ed.) Henry James and Robert Louis

Stevenson (London, 1948) p. 112.

53. Joseph Knight, Unsigned Review in the Athenaeum, 10th

September, 1887, 3124, 333-4, quoted in Paul Maimer, Robert

Louis Stevenson: The Critical Heritage, (London, 1981).

54. Letter William James to Henry James, lst September, 1887,

from Ralph Barton Perry, The Thought and Character of William

James, (1935) i, 396, 399 quoted in Paul Maimer, Robert Louis

Stevenson: the Critical Heritage, (London, 1981) p. 272.

55, The text states that this is a reference to Bottom’s speech -

"a tyrant’s vein" in A Midsummer Night’s Dream. I, ii.

56. James to Stevenson 21st October, 1893 in Henry James

and Robert Louis Stevenson Janet Adam Smith, (London, 1948)

. 241.

27. Letter of October, 1888 from Robert Louis Stevenson to

Henry James. LS, m, 20-1, quoted in Paul Maimer, RLS the

Critical Heritage (London, 1981) p. 290.

58. Letter from James to Stevenson, April 29th, 1889, in Janet

Adam Smith Henry James to Robert Louis Stevenson (London,

1948) p. 181.

59. Letter from James to Stevenson, March 21st, 1890, in

Janet Adam Smith Henry James to Robert Louis Stevenson,

(London, 1948) p. 183.

60. Letter to Colvin, in Janet Adam Smith Henry James to

Robert Louis Stevenson (London, 1948).

61. Quoted in P Maimer, Critical Heritage (London, 1981) p.

290 Century magazine XXXXV, 869-79.

62. R L Stevenson his Style and his Thought published in Time

Magazine, November, 1885.

63. Janet Adam Smith Henry James to Robert Louis Stevenson

(London, 1948) p 123, Century magazine, April, 1888.

64. Henry James The Wheel of Time Collaboration (New York,

1893) quoted in Elaine Showalter, Sexual Anarchy (New York,

1989).

65. Mrs Mary Adams, Letters ed. Ward Thoron, (New York,

1937) p. 338.

66. E1lerman,Osear Wilde (London, 1987) p. 170.

67. Preface to Treasure Island quoted in Wayne Kostenbaum,

Double Talk (New York, 1989) p. 146.

68. Lloyd Osbourne, Stevenson at Thirty-Two in Robert Louis

Stevenson, Treasure Island, (New York, 1925) XVI-XVII.

69. Lloyd Osbourne, Intimate Portrait of RLS (N.Y., 1924)

pp. 139-40.

70. Letter from Stevenson to Henley, Spring 1887, in Malcolm

Elwin, The Strange Case of Robert Louis Stevenson, (London,

1973) PP- 198-99.

71. Preface to The Wrong Box, (London, 1889).

72. Preface to The Wrong Box.

73. Unsigned Review in the Pall Mall Gazette 19 June, 1889,

xlix, 3 in Maimer, RLS: the Critical Heritage (London, 1981).

74. Letter to Colvin on the 16 or 17 November, 1891 in Maimer,

Robert Louis Stevenson: The Critical Heritage (London, 1981)

LS, m, 309).

75. "On the Beach", one of the phrases which Stevenson uses

to add local colour, means down and out and relying on the

resources to be found at hand. It is conceivably a code word for

homosexual.

76. The Ebb Tide in Janet Adam Smith Robert Louis Stevenson."

Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde first published 1893, (1-larmondsworth,

1979) p. 296.

77. Maimer, Robert Louis Stevenson: The Critical Heritage

(London, 1981) p. 452. Letter to Colvin 17 Jun 1893).

78. Beidecke Collection 4256 Sidney Colvin in Paul Maimer,

London, 1981 p. 449.

79. Letter to Colvin, with entries dated 16, 21 and 23 May,

1893) p. 450. Maimer, (London, 1981).

80. Paul Maimer, (London, 1981) p. 451.

81. The Ebb Tide, p. 199.

82. Richard Le Galienne, writing in "The Star", 27 September,

1894 quoted in Maimer, Robert Louis Stevenson: The Critical

Heritage (London, 1981) p. 455.

83, Robert Louis Stevenson and Lloyd Osbourne, The Ebb

Tide (Harmondsworth, 1979) p. 199.

84. The Ebb Tide (Harmondsworth, 1979) p. 205.

85. See note 75. The Ebb Tide p. 174.

86. The Ebb Tide p. 258.

87. The Ebb Tide p. 278.

88. The Ebb Tide (Harmondsworth, 1979 Jenni Calder ed) p.

218.

89. The Ebb Tide p. 218.

90. Robert Louis Stevenson The Ebb Tide (Harmondsworth,

1979).

91. Stevenson, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde,

(London, 1886).

92. M A Rose Parody/Meta-fiction, (London, 1979).

93. In Michael Holroyd, Lytton Strachey, (Harmondsworth,

1971).

94. Roger Lancelyn Green Andrew Lang (Leicester, 1946) p.

121.

95. Quoted in Norman Etherington Rider Haggard (Boston,

1984) p. 9 in Wayne Kostenbaum, Double Talk (New York,

1989) p. 154.

96. Pall Mall Gazette, ll March, 1887, quoted in Peter Beresford

Ellis Rider Haggard A Voice From the Infinite, (London, 1978)

p. 122.

97. Lang to Haggard, Lockwood Collection, quoted in Peter

Beresford Ellis Rider Haggard A Voice From the Infinite, (London,

1978) p. 124.

98. Lang to Haggard, Lockwood Collection, quoted in Peter

Beresford Ellis Rider Haggard A Voice From the Infinite, (London,

1978) p. 124.

99. Letter Lang sent to Haggard with poem entitled Twosh,

165

Lancelyn Green, Andrew Lang (Leicester, 1946).

100. Scott, Bibliography pp. 230-233.

101. Punch A Parody of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde 6 Feb 1886

XC, 64 Maimer, p. 208.

102. Vanity Fair On January 22nd, 1887 Vanity Fair 22 Jan,

1887, XXXVii p. 66).

103. Two Hearts that Beat as One, Daily Herald March 4, 1920

in Morton Cohen, Rider Haggard (London, 1968). 166

 

Chapter 4.

 

1. The terminology used by Ben Okri in his novel The Famished Road, (London, 1991) is used throughout. It is considered unnecessary to make a distinction in orthography between either term - black man or white man.

2. Rider Haggard, King SoIomon’s Mines, (London, 1885).

3. Haggard, Nada the Lily, (London, 1892) page x.

4. E M Forster, A Passage to India, (London, 1916).

5. Somerset Maugham, A Writers Notebook, (London, 1949) First edn, p. 171.

6. Martin Green in Dreams of Adventure, Deeds of Empire (London, 1980).

7. Hugh Ridley, Images of Imperial RuIe, (Beckenham, 1983).

8. ‘The Other’ is a term derived from Lacan in whose

psychoanalytical theory it means that which initiates desire in

one by a recognition of a lack of that element in oneself.

9. George Alfred Henty, Maori and Settler (Indiana, 1891).

10. Henty, "The Sovereign Reader: Scenes from the life and reign of Queen Victoria to the end of the nineteenth century." (London, 1901) p. 256, quoted

in J A Mangan, Benefits Bestowed? (Manchester, 1988).

11. Henty attended Westminster school from September 24, 1847 until April 4, 1851. See John Cargill Thompson, "‘The

Boys’ Dumas’ G A Henty: aspects of Victorian Publishing." (Cheadle, 1975).

12. Henty’s boys‘ story, Capt Bayley's Heir (Indiana, 1889).

13. Henty Capt Bayley’s Heir (Indiana, 1889).

14. Henty Capt Bayle)/s Heir (Indiana, 1889).

15. Henty Capt Bayley's Heir (Indiana, 1889).

16. Henty Capt BayIey's Heir (Indiana, 1889).

17. Henty Capt Bayley’s Heir.

18. Ben Okri, The Famished Road, (London, 1991) p. 278.

19. Rider Haggard, King Solomon's Mines, (London, 1885).

20. Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness, (New York, 1963) p. 42 Norton edn.

21. John Buchan, Prester John, (London, 1910) p. 18.

22. For a brilliant description of early nineteenth century understandings of the difference between the imaginative and the fantastical, see Stephen Prickett, Victorian Fantasy, (Harmondsworth, 1979).

23. John Buchan, Prester John.

1 24. John Buchan, Prester John.

l 25. John Buchan, Prester John (London, 1910) Nelson edn p. 100.

26. John Buchan, Prester John.

27. John Buchan, Prester John (London, 1910) Nelson edn p. 101.

28. Christine Bolt, Victorian Attitudes to Race (London, 1971) p. 153.

29. See Kesho Yvonne Scot, The Habit of Surviving, (Iowa State, 1991).

30. For a right wing defence of Haggard’s work, see Alan

Sandison, The Wheel of Empire, (London, 1967).

31. Haggard, The Witch's Head n.d. (probably, 1884).

32. Postscript to Allan Quatermain, (London, 1914) Yellow

Jacket edn. p. 255.

33. Haggard, Allan Quatermain, p. 459.

34. Allan Quatermain, p. 459.

35. Alan Sandison, Wheel ofEmpire (London, 1967) p. 72. i

36. Haggard, Allan Quatermain Dover edn. p. 158.

37. Haggard Child of Storm.

38. R L Stevenson in "Across the Plains", published in

Longman’s  Magazine, May, 1883, Vol II p. 291.

39. Haggard, postscript to Allan Quatermain under the name of Henry

Curtis p. 255.

40. Haggard The Way of the Spirit p. 10.

41. Rider Haggard, She p. 94.

42. Stevenson and Osbourne in The Beach of F alesa.

43. Kipling, Without Benefit of Clergy from Twenty-one tales.

Selected from the works of Rudyard Kipling. 1865-1936 (London,

1946).

44. Eliot L Gilbert in Kipling and the Critics, A Farewell to

Ritual. (London, 1965) p. 182.

45. Emest Hemingway, Green Hills of Africa (New York, 1935)

p. 29 Grafton Books edn.

46. Kipling in The Ladies quoted in Marghanita Laski, From Palm to Pine, (London, 1987).

47. Edward W Said Orientalism, (London, 1978).

48. Haggard, Alan Quatermain (London, 1914) Yellow Jacket edn. p. 14.

49. Rider Haggard, King Solomon's Mines, (London, 1887)

Dover Edition, p. 273,4.

50. Rudyard Kipling, Stalky & C0. (London, 1899).

51. P B Ellis, H Rider Haggard, (London, 1978) p. 213.

52. Wendy R Katz Rider Haggard and the Fiction of Empire:

a critical study of British imperial fiction. (New York, 1987).

53. Haggard, Allan Quatermain, p. 254.

54. Charles Dickens, Letters. Vol 2. p. 814 quoted in B J

Moore-Gilbert, Kipling and Orientalism (Beckenham, 1986) p. 99.

55. Charles Dickens, Household Words N0. 418 p. 348 quoted

in B J Moore-Gilbert, Kipling and Orientalism (Beckenham, 1986).