13. Thiazide Diuretics. - increase urinary excretion of Magnesium49
Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions
1. Calcium - high intake of calcium may reduce Magnesium absorption.50
2. Phosphate - high intake of phosphorous may decrease Magnesium absorption.51
Pregnancy and Lactation
During pregnancy and lactation, the only supplements that are considered safe include standard prenatal
vitamin and mineral supplements. All other supplements or dose alterations may pose a threat to the
developing fetus and there is generally insuf icient evidence at this time to determine an absolute level of
safety for most dietary supplements other than a prenatal supplement. Any supplementation practices
beyond a prenatal supplement should involve the cooperation of the at ending physician (e.g., magnesium
and the treatment of preeclampsia.)
References: Pregnancy and Lactation
1. Encyclopedia of Nutritional Supplements. Murray M. Prima Publishing 1998.
2. Reavley NM. The New Encyclopedia of Vitamins, Minerals, Supplements, and Herbs. Evans and
Company Inc. 1998.
3. The Healing Power of Herbs (2nd edition). Murray M. Prima Publishing 1995.
4. Boon H and Smith M. Health Care Professional Training Program in Complementary Medicine.
Institute of Applied Complementary Medicine Inc. 1997.
1. Standard Textbooks of Nutritional Science:
a. Shils M, Shike M, Olson J, Ross C. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins; 1993.
b. Escott-Stump S, Mahan LK, editors. Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders
Company; 2000.
c. Bowman B, Russell RM, editors. Present Knowledge in Nutrition, 8th ed. Washington, DC:.ILSI Press; 2001.
d. Kreutler PA, Czajka-Narins DM, editors. Nutrition in Perspective. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Inc.; 1987.
2. Murray M. Encyclopedia of Nutritional Supplements. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing; 1996.
3. Witterman JCM, et al. Reduction of blood pressure with oral magnesium supplementation in women with mild to moderate
Comment [c21]: Authors?
hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 60:129-35.
4. Motoyama T, Sano H, Fukuzaki H. Oral Magnesium supplementation in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension
1989;13:227-32.
5. McLean RM. Magnesium and its therapeutic uses: a review. Am J Med 1994;96:63-76.
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Meschino Health Comprehensive Guide to Minerals
6. Altura BM. Basic biochemistry and physiology of Magnesium: a brief review. Magnes Trace Elem 1991;10:167-71.
7. Purvis JR, Movahed A. Magnesium disorders and cardiovascular disease. Clin Cardiol 1992;15:556-68.
8. Altura BM. Ischemic heart disease and Magnesium. Magnesium 1988;7:57-67.
9. Perticone F, Borelli D, Ceravolo R, Mattioli PL. Antiarrhythmic short-term protective Magnesium treatment in ischemic dilated
cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Nutr 1990;9:492-9.
10. Galland LD, Baker SM, McLellan RK. Magnesium deficiency in the pathogenesis of mitral valve prolapse. Magnesium 1986;5:165-