The Neanderthals initially made a successful and long lasting comeback against the Migrants.
Migrants entered the Rhone Valley of Southern France at about the same time that they entered the Levant ~54,000 years ago. Archeological evidence reveals that the Migrants quickly replaced the Neanderthals and shortly thereafter they, in turn, were quickly replaced.1
Some 10,000 years later the Migrants were back.2 They came with a knowledge gleaned from thousands of years of conflict with the Neanderthal. More research may also suggest that they also came with the wolf-dog.3 For the Neanderthals of the Rhone Valley the Migrants would have been a long forgotten memory. A forgotten memory that this time would usher them into extinction.