Agnes, Empress, 217, 233, 237, 279; Hildebrand becomes adviser to, 202; alienated from Hildebrand, 214; renounces the world, 219.
Albigenses, many sects among, 355; Pope Innocent's attitude towards, 357; missionaries sent to, ib.; crusade against them, 359-361.
Allegories, Rienzi's painted, 413-416, 419.
Ambrose, 48.
Angelo, Michael, 588, 595, 598.
Apollinaris, the heresy of, 47, 48.
Aqueducts restored by Sixtus IV., 574.
Arimbaldo, 500; joins Rienzi in his enterprise, 489.
Aristocracy, Roman, its position at the end of the 4th century, 3, 4, 5; luxuriousness of the nobles, 5, 6, 7; and of the women, 7, 8; its characteristics in the 14th century, 396, 397. See Nobles.
Art, the Popes as patrons of, 515; that of Rome imported from abroad, 516; art workshops in Rome, 546.
Artists, Roman, 412, 413, 420; employed upon the Sistine chapel, 575; Julius II. as a patron of, 482, 583, 589.
Asella, 18, 21, 89; Jerome's letters to, 72, 75, 76.
Athanasius, his life of St. Antony of the desert, 15; his reception at Rome, 16; and in the household of Albina, 17; Melania's visit to, 33.
Attila, 120.
Augsburg, Council of, 261; German nobles impatient to open, 274, 275.
Augustine, Gregory's instructions to, for the making of converts, 156; and for pastoral work, ib., 157, 158; sent on his mission to England, 161, 162.
Bavaria, Duke of, 260.
Beatrice of Tuscany, 204, 216, 234, 256.
Benedict, Pope, and Fra Monozello, 395.
Benedict I., 138.
Benedict X. See Mincio, Bishop.
Berengarius of Tours, his heresy, 279, 290.
Bethlehem, convents founded at, by Jerome and Paula, 82.
Bible, Innocent III., on the interpretation of, by sectaries, 357.
Blæsilla, 23, 55, 67; her conversion, 58; her death and funeral, 63.
Bollandists, 131.
Book collector, Thomas (Nicolas V.) as, 529, 534.
Borgo, 538; sanctity of the spot, 539, 540; wall built to enclose, 541; buildings erected afterwards within the enclosure, ib.
Botticelli, 575.
Bowden, Mr., his life of Gregory VII., 515.
Bramante, 584.
Brunhild, Queen, 169.
Bruno, Bishop, appointed Pope, 190; acts on Hildebrand's advice, 191, 192; his triumphant election at Rome, 193. See Leo IX.
Buildings, ancient, Gregory accused of destroying, 176, 177; regarded as stone-quarries, 242, 517, 577; restoration of, Book IV., passim.
Buono Stato, secret society formed for the establishment of, 423, 424; demonstration by the conspirators, 425, 426; its rules, 426, 427. See Rienzi.
Cæsarea, Melania arrested at, 35.
Cammora (City Council), Rienzi protests against the rapacity of, 411.
Canossa, Pope Gregory sheltered in the castle of, 264.
Carinthia, Duke of, 260.
Castracani, 390.
Celestine, Pope, 316.
Celibacy, Jerome and the controversy regarding, 59-62; of the clergy, see Marriage of priests.
Cencius, the Roman bandit, 243, 244; abducts Pope Gregory, 245.
Cerealis, 19.
Charities of the Roman ladies, 55, 56.
Charles IV. and Rienzi, 476.
Christianity, its conjunction with Paganism in Roman society, 7-10; nominally embraced by the common people, 57; again conjoined with Paganism during the Renaissance, 529.
Church, the, corruption of, 10, 11; Jerome on the daily life of a Roman priest, 11, 12; fierceness of controversy in, 105; her position during the barbarian conquests of Rome, 120, 121; beginning of her sovereignty, 121, 122; best of the Roman youth absorbed by, 123; made no claim to universal authority in the 6th century, 121, 132, 168; wealth of, used for public purposes, 147; almsgiving a principle of, 151; Gregory's achievements for, 170; pretensions to supremacy made by John of Constantinople, 170, 173; Gregory's tolerant supervision of, 174; state of, in Germany, 188; reforms urgently necessary in, 195; effort of Leo IX. for reform in, 196-199; a new law for the election of the Popes, 208; Hildebrand's ambition of making her a great arbitrating power, 211, 212; how she secured independence in the election of the Popes, 214, 215; first conflict between the Empire and, 215-219; decrees of the Lateran Council against simony and marriage of priests, 235-239; decree against lay investiture, 239; real opening of her struggle with the Empire, 259; her position in Gregory's time, and that of the Scottish Church before the Disruption, compared, 302; her conflict with the Empire inevitable, 304, 305; period of her greatest power, 308; her relations with the Empire in the time of Innocent III., 311, 312. See Gregory the Great, Hildebrand and Innocent III.
Cities, Italian, hostility between, 311.
Clement III., appointed by the Emperor, 290; calls a council in Rome, 294; his coronation, 297. See Guibert of Ravenna.
Clement VI., Rienzi's mission to, 404, 405; confirms Rienzi's authority, 434.
Cluny, the monastery of, 186, 190.
Colonna family, patronise Petrarch, 397-400; Petrarch's estimate of, 398, 467; character of, 423; rebels against Rienzi, 453; their expedition against Rome, 453-457, 469.
Colonna, Giordano, 430.
Colonna, Giovanni, 397, 466; his dealings with Rienzi, 405, 409, 411.
Colonna, Giacomo, his friendship with Petrarch, 397.
Colonna, Janni, 419, 421, 422, 430, 448, 455, 456.
Colonna, Sciarra, 384, 393; drives out the Papal troops from Rome, 384-389; crowns Louis of Bavaria, 391.
Colonna, Stefano della, 393, 397, 425, 448, 449; Petrarch's description of, 428; forced to leave Rome, 429; swears loyalty to the Buono Stato, 430; Petrarch's account of his talk with, 467, 468.
Colonna, Stefanello, 430, 448; and his son, 494, 495.
Colosseum, as the stone-quarry of the ages, 577.
Constantinople, downfall of, 549.
Corsignano, buildings erected in, by Pius II., 556.
Council of Constantinople, 28, 47.
Council of Rome, Jerome and, 27, 28, 43, 47.
Creighton, Bishop, quoted, 556, 578; on Raphael's artistic aims, 598.
Crown, the imperial, 249, 289, 298.
Crusade, Gregory VII.'s dream of a, 265, 351, 352; encouraged by successive Popes, 352; an expedition organised, ib.; how it was diverted from its purpose, 353-356; against the Albigenses, 298-301; Innocent rouses the Italian towns to aid in, 373; against the Turks, 553, 557, 558.
Crusaders, Innocent's instructions to his, 353; their bargain with Venice, ib.; capture Constantinople, ib., 354.
Curzon, Robert, 310.
Damasus, Bishop, 27, 48, 70; Jerome becomes a counsellor of, 54.
Damian, Peter, 200, 218, 219, 223.
Desiderius, 301.
Dinner-parties, Roman, 6.
Dominic, 358.
Eberhard, Count, 255.
Election of the Popes, interference of Tuscany in, 203, 204, 208; the rival authorities in, 206-208; Hildebrand's new law for, 207; first election under the new law, 214, 215; Rome secures complete freedom in, 215.
Emperors, the rival, Henry IV. and Rudolf, Gregory's letters regarding their claims, 275, 276; treated by the Pope with severe impartiality, 278; attitude of the Roman populace towards their envoys, ib.; Gregory insists upon holding a council to choose between, 281; this plan abandoned, ib., 282; Rudolf's case stated before the Lateran Council, 282; Gregory pronounces his decision, 283-285. See Henry IV. and Rudolf.
Emperors, the rival, Philip and Otho, nothing to choose between them, 331, 332; Innocent's attitude towards, 332, 333; end of their ten years' struggle, 335. See Philip and Otho.
Empire and Church, first conflict between, 214-218; real opening of the struggle, 259; inevitableness of the struggle, 304, 305; in the time of Innocent III., 311, 312. See Henry IV., Emperor, and Gregory VII.
England, the Pope's interdict upon, disregarded, 345.
Eugenius IV., 514, 516; his aspect and character, 523-525; Council of Ferrara called by, 531.
Eulogius, Gregory's letter to, 173.
Europe, state of, in the time of Innocent III., 310-312.
Eustochium, 23, 55, 78, 83, 87; plot against, 24.
Eutychius, 155.
Excommunication often ineffectual, 289, 290, 334.
Ezekiel, Gregory's exposition of, 144, 177, 178.
Fabiola, 22, 37, 55; her matrimonial troubles, 93; her visit to the convent at Bethlehem, ib., 94; does public penance in Rome, 95-99; founds the first public hospital in Rome, 99.
Fabriano, Gentile da, 523.
Ferdinand of Naples, his advice regarding the streets and balconies of Rome, 570, 571.
Ferrara, Council of, 531.
France, interdict pronounced upon, 341, 343; alarmed by the revival of Rome, 436.
Francis of Assisi, 326.
Fraticelli, Rienzi takes refuge among, 474, 475.
Frederic II., Emperor, Innocent acts as guardian of, 326, 327.
Frederick, Abbot, elected Pope, 201.
Funeral feast, a Roman, 102-104.
Gebehard, Bishop, chosen as Pope Victor II., 200.
Genseric, 120.
German prelates, almost independent of the Pope, 334.
Germany, state of the Church in, 188; an anti-Pope chosen by the Church in, 216.
Ghirlandajo, 575.
Gibbon quoted, 132.
Goethe quoted on Raphael's loggie, 599.
Gordianus,