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Special appreciation goes to Angelica Zander Rudenstine and Donald Waters of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation for their invaluable guidance on this paper and their commitment to furthering scholarly publishing. The three case studies could not have been prepared without the generous assistance of the following colleagues: Metropolitan Museum of Art—Barbara Bridgers, Andrew Gessner, Peggy Hebard, Douglas Hegley, Billy Kwan, Shyam Oberoi, Doralynn Pines, and Julie Zeftel; ARTstor—James Shulman and Gretchen Wagner; Victoria & Albert Museum—Ian Blatchford and Alan Seal; Smithsonian Institution—Katherine Spiess and Anne Van Camp. Additional colleagues who have shared expertise, information, and/or review of the document include: Deborah Gerhardt, Rachel Gerstein, Alison Gilchrest, Kenneth Hamma, David Mathews, Susanne Pichler, Eve Sinaiko, Rebecca Tushnet, Günter Waibel.