*Appendix
Spannered is one of the stages of intoxication, it is the most common sage, with Juiced being tipsy and Shitfaced being drunk. Spannered symptoms include: the wobbly leg shuffle, incoherent babble, the need to constantly talk bollix. Along with excessive wind that isn’t silent when it escapes, and yes, it does smell ripe, you sound like crap on Karaoke, and no, you don’t look like Brad Britt, no matter what you believe.
It is usually the stage when people decide either they have consumed enough alcohol, or carry on drinking until they hit the final stage of Wankered… and we’ve all been there, if we could only remember what is was like.
Wai consists of a slight bow, with the palms pressed together in a prayer-like fashion. The higher the hands are held in relation to the face and the lower the bow, the more respect or reverence the giver of the wai is showing.
Nobby is a nickname commonly used in the British armed forces for those with the surname Clark or Clarke.
The are two explanation given for this nickname. The first is that that in the early part of the 19th century, clerks (pronounced clarks in British English) in the City of London used to wear Nobby hats, a type of bowler hat. Alternative spellings include Knobby and Clarke.
The second alternative explanation for the name Nobby attached to the surname Clark is thus: 16th-century monks wrote letters for the illiterate. These monks were referred to as, Clerks. The outcome of so much writing caused calluses on the fingers, nobs, and they became referred to as ‘Nobby Clerks’ … who knows… who cares?
Coronation Street (informally known as Corrie) is a British soap opera created by Granada Television and shown on ITV since 9 December 1960.
The Royal Navy’s field gun competition; is a contest between teams from various Royal Navy commands, in which teams of sailors compete to transport a field gun and its equipment over and through a series of obstacles in the shortest time. The competition evolved during the early years of the 20th century. The "Command" format, negotiating walls and a chasm, was held annually at the Royal Tournament in London from 1907 until 1999, apart from the periods during the World Wars. The "Inter-Port" or "Command" Competition was contested by teams from the Royal Navy annually and was a popular item at the Royal Tournament until finishing in 1999.
People in the Philippines are known as:
Filipino: Male Filipina: Female. A group is known as: Filipino’s.
Bar fines: A system used in the sex trade in Southeast Asian bars to allow a girl to spend the night with a customer. Pricing and systems vary from country to country. For example, taking a girl from a Filipina bar, you pay the bar for the girl, short or long time and the bar pays the girl. Cambodia and Thailand, customers pay the bar a small amount and pay the girl separately.
Mamasan is a term used in Southeast for a female bar manager. It is their role to ensure that the bar runs smoothly and the working girls are attentive. A motherly pimp.
Snuff is a smokeless tobacco made from ground or pulverised tobacco leaves. It is inhaled or "snuffed" into the nasal cavity, delivering a swift hit of nicotine and a lasting flavoured scent (especially if flavouring has been blended with the tobacco).
Kendle Medicated Snuff is probably the worlds’ most popular brand of snuff. It has been made by a small family-run firm in Denmark for many decades. Although snuff is generally regarded nowadays as a thing that old farts snorted in bygone times before cocaine came along, it is still popular in a few Scandinavian countries, and many people there continue with the snuff-taking tradition.
Tagay: An adult party isn't complete without alcoholic beverages in the Philippines. Typical Filipinos, also known as Pinoys, gather in a circle with beer, liquor, or an alcoholic mixture. Each person is obliged to drink from a solitary glass, which is passed around while others wait for their turn. This is called the 'Tagay' which tightens the bond of Filipino camaraderie or 'pakikisama.'
Jeepneys are the most popular means of public transportation in the Philippines. They are known for their crowded seating and kitsch decorations, which have become a ubiquitous symbol of Philippine culture and art. Jeepneys were originally made from US military jeeps left over from World War II. The word jeepney is a portmanteau of the words Jeep and Jitney, a franchised small bus that carries passengers on a regular route with a flexible schedule.
Pchum Ben (Ancestors' Day) is a Cambodian religious festival, culminating in celebrations on the 15th day of the tenth month in the Khmer Calendar. It is when Cambodians pay their respects to deceased relatives. Monks chant Mantras overnight (continuously, without sleeping) in prelude to the gates of hell opening, an event that is presumed to occur once a year; during the period when the gates of hell are being opened and ghosts of the dead are presumed to be especially active, food offerings are made to benefit them. Some of these ghosts have the opportunity to end their period of purgation, whereas others are imagined to leave hell temporarily, to then return to endure more suffering; without much explanation, relatives who are not in hell (who are in heaven or otherwise reincarnated) are also generally imagined to benefit from the ceremonies. In temples adhering to canonical protocol, the offering of food itself is made from the laypeople to the (living) Buddhist monks, thus generating "merit" that indirectly benefits the dead; however, in many temples, this is either accompanied by or superseded by food offerings that are imagined to directly transfer from the living to the dead, such as rice-balls thrown through the air, or rice thrown into an empty field. Anthropologist Satoru Kobayashi observed that these two models of merit-offering to the dead are in competition in rural Cambodia, with some temples preferring the greater canonicity of the former model, and others embracing the popular (if unorthodox) assumption that mortals can "feed" ghosts with physical food. Pchum Ben is considered unique to Cambodia and is also known as the ghost festival.
Each Cambodian will spend their time throughout the day visiting their respective pagodas, temples, followed by parties and celebrations throughout the night, to wish the monks success.
Angkor Wat, considered by UNESCO world heritage to be the eighth wonder of the world; is a vast Cambodian temple complex built by King Suryavarman II in the early 12th century as his state temple and capital city. As the best-preserved temple at the site, it is the only one to have remained a significant religious centre since its foundation. Originally dedicated by the Hindu's to the Supreme God Vishnu; the temple is at the top of the high classical style of Khmer architecture. It has become a symbol of Cambodia, appearing on its national flag, and it is the country's prime attraction for visitors.
Angkor Wat combines two basic plans of Khmer temple architecture: the temple mountain and the later galleried temple, based on early South Indian Hindu architecture, with key features such as the Jagati. It is designed to represent Mount Meru, home of the devas in Hindu mythology: within a moat and an outer wall 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi) long are three rectangular galleries, each raised above the next. At the centre of the temple stands a quincunx of towers. Unlike most Angkorian temples, Angkor Wat is oriented to the west; scholars are divided as to the significance of this. The temple is admired for the grandeur and harmony of the architecture, its extensive bas-reliefs, and for the numerous devatas adorning its walls.
Angkor Wat is located 5.5 km north of the modern town of Siem Reap, and a short distance south and slightly east of the previous capital, which was centred at Baphuon. It is in an area of Cambodia where there is an important group of ancient structures. It is the southernmost of Angkor's main sites.
The initial design and construction of the temple took place in the first half of the 12th century, during the reign of Suryavarman II (ruled 1113–1150ad). Dedicated to Vishnu, it was built as the king's state temple and capital city. As neither the foundations nor any contemporary inscriptions referring to the temple have been found, its original name is unknown, but it may have been known as Vrah Vishnu-lok literally, "Holy Vishnu'-Location'", Old Khmer' Cl. Sanskrit). Work seems to have ended shortly after the king's death, leaving some of the bas-relief decoration unfinished. In 1177, approximately 27 years after the death of Suryavarman II, Angkor was ransacked by the Chams, the traditional enemies of the Khmer. Thereafter the empire was restored by a new king, Jayavarman VII, who established a new capital and state temple (Angkor Thom and the Bayon respectively) a few kilometres to the north.
In the late 13th century, Angkor Wat gradually moved from Hindu to Theravada Buddhist use, which continues to the present day. Angkor Wat is unusual among the Angkor temples in that although it was somewhat neglected after the 16th century it was never completely abandoned, its preservation being due in part to the fact that its moat also provided some protection from encroachment by the jungle.
One of the first Western visitors to the temple was António da Madalena, a Portuguese monk who visited in 1586 and said that it "is of such extraordinary construction that it is not possible to describe with a pen, particularly since it is like no other building in the world. It has towers and decoration and all the refinements which the human genius can conceive of,” However, the temple was popularised in the West only in the mid-19th century on the publication of Henri Mouhot's travel notes. The French explorer wrote of it:
One of these temples, a rival to that of Solomon, and erected by some ancient Michelangelo might take an honourable place beside our most beautiful buildings. It is grander than anything left to us by Greece or Rome, and presents a sad contrast to the state of barbarism in which the nation is now plunged." Mouhot, like other early Western visitors, found it difficult to believe that the Khmers could have built the temple, and mistakenly dated it to around the same era as Rome. The true history of Angkor Wat was pieced together only from stylistic and epigraphic evidence accumulated during the subsequent clearing and restoration work carried out across the whole Angkor site.
There were no ordinary dwellings or houses or other signs of settlement including cooking utensils, weapons, or items of clothing usually found at ancient sites. Instead, there is the evidence of the monuments themselves.
Angkor Wat required considerable restoration in the 20th century, mainly the removal of accumulated earth and vegetation. Work was interrupted by the civil war and Khmer Rouge control of the country during the 1970s and 1980s, but relatively little damage was done during this period other than the theft and destruction of mostly post-Angkorian statues.
The temple is a powerful symbol of Cambodia and is a source of great national pride that has factored into Cambodia's diplomatic relations with its neighbour Thailand, France and the United States. A depiction of Angkor Wat has been a part of Cambodian national flags since the introduction of the first version circa 1863. From a larger historical and even trans-cultural perspective, however, the temple of Angkor Wat did not became a symbol of national pride sui generis but had been inscribed into a larger politico-cultural process of French-colonial heritage production in which the original temple site was presented in French colonial and universal exhibitions in Paris and Marseille between 1889 and 1937.
The splendid artistic legacy of Angkor Wat and other Khmer monuments in the Angkor region led directly to France adopting Cambodia as a protectorate on 11 August 1863 and invading Siam to take control of the ruins. This quickly led to Cambodia reclaiming lands in the north-western corner of the country that had been under Siamese (Thai) control since 1351 AD, or by some accounts, 1431 AD. Cambodia gained independence from France on 9 November 1953 and has controlled Angkor Wat since that time.
Angkor Thom (literally: "Great City"), Was the last and most enduring capital city of the Khmer empire. It was established in the late twelfth century, by king Jayavarman VII. It covers an area of 9 km², within which are located several monuments from earlier eras as well as those established by Jayavarman and his successors. At the centre of the city is Jayavarman's state temple, the Bayon, with the other major sites clustered around the Victory Square immediately to the north. Angkor Thom was established as the capital of Jayavarman VII's empire and was the centre of his massive building programme. One inscription found in the city refers to Jayavarman as the groom and the city as his bride.
Angkor Thom seems not to be the first Khmer capital on the site, however. Yasodharapura, dating from three centuries earlier, was centred slightly further northwest, and Angkor Thom overlapped parts of it. The most notable earlier temples within the city are the former state temple of Baphuon, and Phimeanakas, which was incorporated into the Royal Palace. The Khmers did not draw any clear distinctions between Angkor Thom and Yashodharapura: even in the fourteenth century, an inscription used the earlier name. (Higham 138) The name of Angkor Thom was in use from the 16th century. Angkor Thom remained the capital of a kingdom in decline until it was abandoned some time prior to 1609, when an early western visitor wrote of an uninhabited city, "as fantastic as the Atlantis of Plato" which some thought to have been built by the Roman emperor Trajan. (Higham 140) It is believed to have sustained a population of 80,000-150,000 people.
Tuk – tuks and Baht buses: Tuk-tuks are the most common form of public transport in Southeast Asia. These noisy colourful three wheel vehicles either have a 2 stroke motorbike engine or are towed by a motorbike. Baht buses are only found on the eastern seaboard of Thailand. These are converted pickup trucks and drive day and night around one way systems. The fare is always the same, but they only follow one route. Baht buses usually carry around twelve passengers… usually.