Rate. Circulation Research, 69, 203-213.
Anversa, P.; Sussman, M.A.; Bolli, R. (2004).
Molecular Genetic Advances in Cardiovascular
Schulman, S.P.; Lakatta, E.G.; Fleg, J.L.; Lakatta, L.; Medicine: Focus on the Myocyte. Circulation
Becker, L.C.; Gerstenblith, G. (1992). Age-related
Research, 109, 2832-2838.
Decline in Left Ventricular Filling at Rest and
Exercise. American Journal of Physiology, 68, 28-38.
Gerstenblith, G.; Fredricksen, J.; Yin F.C.P.;
Fortuin, N.J.; Lakatta, E.G.; Weisfeldt, M.L. (1977).
Sjogren, A.L. (1971). Left Ventricular Wall
Echocardiographic Assessment of a Normal Adult
Thickness Determined by Ultrasound in 100
Aging Population. Circulation Research, 56, 273-278.
Subjects Without Heart Disease. Chest, 60, 341-346.
Lakatta, E.G. (1993). Cardiovascular Regulatory
Spirito, P.; Maron, B.J. (1988). Influence of Aging
Mechanisms in Advanced Age. Physiological
on Doppler Echocardiographic Indices on Left
Reviews, 73, 413-467.
Ventricular Diastolic Function. British Heart
Journal, 59, 672-679.
Lakatta, E.G.; Levy, D. (2003). Arterial and Cardiac
Aging: Major Shareholders in Cardiovascular
Disease Enterprises: Part II: The Aging Heart in
CELLULAR CLUES
Health: Links to Heart Disease. Circulation
Balsam, L.B.; Wagers, A.J.; Christensen, J.L., et al.
Research, 107(2), 346-354.
(2004). Haematopoietic Stem Cells Adopt Mature
Lakatta, E.G. (2002). Age-associated Cardiovascular
Haematopoietic Fates in Ischaemic Myocardium.
Changes in Health: Impact on Cardiovascular
Nature Cell Biology, 428, 668-673.
58
Beltrami, A.P.; Barlucchi, L.; Torella, D., et al. (2003).
Long, X.; Boluyt, M.O.; O’Neill, L., et al. (1999).
Adult Cardiac Stem Cells are Multipotent and
Myocardial Retinoid X Receptor, Thyroid Hormone
Support Myocardial Regeneration. Cell, 114, 763-Receptor, and Myosin Heavy Chain Gene
776.
Expression in the Rat During Adult Aging. Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences, 54A, B23-B27.
Inesi, G.; Wade, R.; Rogers, T. (1998). The
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Pump: Inhibition
Lyons, D.; Roy, S.; Patel, M.; Benjamin, N.; Swift,
by Thapsigargin and Enhancement by Adenovirus-
C.G. (1997). Impaired Nitric Oxide-mediated
mediated Gene Transfer. Annals of the New York
Vasodilatation and Total Body Nitric Oxide
Academy of Sciences, 853, 195-205.
Production in Healthy Old Age, Clinical Science,
93, 519-525.
Janczewski, A.M.; Spurgeon, H.A.; Lakatta, E.G.
(2002). Action Potential Prolongation in Cardiac
Murry C.E.; Soonpaa, M.H.; Reinecke, H., et al.
Myocytes of Old Rats is an Adaptation to Sustain
(2004). Haematopoietic Stem Cells do Not
Youthful Intracellular Ca2+ Regulation. Journal of Transdifferentiate into Cardiac Myocytes in
Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 34(6), 641-8.
Myocardial Infarcts. Nature Cell Biology, 428, 664-668.
Lakatta, E.G. (2003). Arterial and Cardiac Aging:
Neuss, M.; Crow, M.T.; Chesley, A.; Lakatta, E.G.
Major Shareholders in Cardiovascular Disease
(2001). Apoptosis in Cardiac Disease—What is
Enterprises: Part III: Cellular and Molecular Clues
it—How Does it Occur? Cardiovascular Drugs and
to Heart and Arterial Aging. Circulation Research, Therapy, 15(6), 507-523.
107(3), 490-497.
O’Neill, L.; Holbrook, N.J.; Fargnoli, J.; Lakatta,
Lakatta, E.G.; Gerstenblith, G.; Angell, C.S.;
E.G. (1991). Progressive Changes from Young
Shock, N.W.; Weisfeldt, M.I. (1975). Prolonged
Adult Age to Senescence in mRNA for Rat Cardiac
Contraction Duration in Aged Myocardium.
Myosin Heavy Chain Genes, Cardioscience, 2, 1-5.
Journal of Clinical Investigation, 55, 61-68.
Orlic, D.; Kajstura, J.; Chimen, S., et al. (2001).
Lakatta, E.G.; Sollott, S.J.; Pepe, S. (2001). The Old Bone Marrow Cells Regenerate Infracted Myo-Heart: Operating on the Edge. In: Bock, G.;
cardium. Nature Cell Biology, 410, 701-705.
Goode, J.A., eds. Ageing Vulnerability: Causes and Phaneuf, S.; Leewenburgh, C. (2002). Cyto-Interventions. Novaritis Foundation Symposium, chrome c Release from Mitochondria in the Aging
235. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.,
Heart: A Possible Mechanism for Apoptosis with
172-201.
Age. American Journal of Physiology—Regulatory
Lakatta, E.G. (1993), Cardiovascular Regulatory
Integrative Comparative Physiology, 282, R423-R430.
Mechanisms in Advanced Age. Physiological Review, Schmidt, U.; del Monte, F.; Miyamoto, M.I., et al.
73, 413-467.
(2000). Restoration of Diastolic Function in
Senescent Rat Hearts Through Adenoviral Gene
59
Transfer of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca (2+)-
Benetos, A.; Zureik, M.; Morcet, J., et al. (2000). A ATPase. Circulation Research, 101, 790-796.
Decrease in Diastolic Blood Pressure Combined
with an Increase in Systolic Blood Pressure is
Spurgeon, H.A.; Steinbach, M.F.; Lakatta, E.G.
Associated with a Higher Cardiovascular Mortality
(1983). Chronic Exercise Prevents Characteristic
in Men. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Age-related Changes in Rat Cardiac Contraction.
35, 673-680.
American Journal of Physiology, 244, H5513-H518.
Bertoni, A.G.; Hundley, W.G.; Massing, M.W., et al.
Tate, C.A.; Taffet, G.E.; Hudson, E.K., et al. (1990).
(2004). Heart Failure Prevalence, Incidence, and
Enhanced Calcium Uptake of Cardiac Sarcoplasmic
Mortality in the Elderly with Diabetes. Diabetes
Reticulum in Exercise-trained Old Rats. American
Care, 27, 699-703.
Journal of Physiology, 258, H431-H435.
Carnethon, M.R.; Gidding, S.S.; Nehgme, R.; Sidney,
Vila Petroff, M.G.; Kim, S.H.; Pepe, S.; Dessy, C.;
S.; Jacobs, D.R.; Liu, K. (2003). Cardiorespiratory
Marban, E.; Balligand, J.L.; Sollott, S.J. (2001).
Fitness in Young Adulthood and the Development
Endogenous Nitric Oxide Mechanisms Mediate
of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors. Journal of the Stretch Dependence of Ca2+ Release in
the American Medical Association, 290, 3092-3100.
Cardiomyocytes. Nature Cell Biology, 3, 867-873.
Celermajer, D.S.; Sorensen, K.E.; Spiegelhalter,
D.J.; Georgakopoulos, D.; Robinson, J.; Deanfield,
BLOOD VESSELS AND AGING:
J.E. (1994). Aging is Associated with Endothelial
THE REST OF THE JOURNEY
Dysfunction in Healthy Men Years Before the Age-
Avolio, A.P.; Chen, S.G.; Wang, R.P., et al. (1983).
related Decline in Women. Journal of the American Effects of Aging on Changing Arterial Compliance
College of Cardiology, 24, 471-476.
and Left Ventricular Load in a Northern Chinese
Urban Community. Circulation Research, 68, 50-58.
Chae, C.U.; Pfeffer, M.A.; Glynn, R.J.; Mitchell, G.F.; Taylor, J.O.; Hennekens, G.H. (1999). Increased
Avolio, A.P.; Deng, F.Q.; Li, W.Q., et al. (1985).
Pulse Pressure and the Risk of Heart Failure in the
Effects of Aging on Arterial Dispensability in
Elderly. Journal of the American Medical Association, Populations with High and Low Prevalence of
281, 634-639.
Hypertension: Comparison Between Urban and
Rural Communities in China. Circulation Research, Cohn, J.N.; Hoke, L; Whitman, W., et al. (2003).
71, 202-210.
Screening for Early Detection of Cardiovascular
Disease in Asymptomatic Individuals. American
Bagrov, A.Y.; Lakatta, E.G. (2004). The Dietary
Heart Journal, 146, 572-580.
Sodium-blood Pressure Plot “Stiffens.” Hypertension, 44, 22.
60
Csiszar, A.; Ungvari, Z.; Edwards, J.G., et al.
Gordon, P.A. (2004). Effects of Diabetes on the
(2002). Aging-induced Phenotypic Changes and
Vascular System: Current Research Evidence and
Oxidative Stress Impair Coronary Arteriola
Best Practice Recommendations. Journal of
Function. Circulation Research, 90, 1159-1166.
Vascular Nursing, 22, 2-11.
Edelberg, J.M.; Lee, S.H.; Kaur, M., et al. (2002).
Havlik, R.J.; Simonsick, E.M.; Sutton-Tyrrell, K.;
Platelet-derived Growth Factor-AB Limits the
Newman, A., et al. (2003). Association of Physical
Extent of Myocardial Infarction in a Rat Model.
Activity and Vascular Stiffness in 70- to 79-Year-
Circulation Research, 105, 608-613.
Olds: The Health ABC Study. Journal of Aging and
Physical Activity, 11, 156-166.
Edelberg, J.M.; Reed, M.J. (2003). Aging and
Angiogenesis. Frontiers in Bioscience, 8, 1199-1209.
Hua, C.; Griendling, K.K.; Harrison, D.G. (2003).
The Vascular NAD(P)H Oxidase as Therapeutic
Edelberg, J.M.; Tang, L.; Hattori, K.; Lyden, D.;
Targets in Cardiovascular Diseases. Trends in
Rafii, S. (2002). Young Adult Bone Marrow-
Pharmacological Science, 24(9), 471-478.
derived Endothelial Precursor Cells Restore
Aging-impaired Cardiac Angiogenic Function.
Itescu, S.; Schuster, M.D.; Kocher, A.A. (2003).
Circulation Research, 90, e89-e93.
New Directions in Strategies Using Cell Therapy
for Heart Disease. Journal of Molecular Medicine, Edelberg, J.M.; Xaymardan, M.; Rafii, S.; Hong, M.K.
81, 288-296.
(2003).Adult Cardiac Stem Cells—Where do We Go
From Here? Sci SAGE KE, pe17 http://sageke.
Kass, D.A.; Shapiro, E.P.; Kawaguchi, M.;
sciencemag.org.
Capriotti, A.R.; Scuteri, A; deGroof, R.C.; Lakatta,
E.G. (2001). Improved Arterial Compliance by a
Fang, J.; Wylie-Rosett, J.; Cohen, H.W.; Kaplan,
Novel Advanced Glycation End-product Crosslink
R.C.; Alderman, M.H. (2003). Exercise, Body
Breaker. Circulation Research, 104(13), 1464-1470.
Mass Index, Caloric Intake and Cardiovascular
Mortality. American Journal of Preventive
Lakatta, E.G. (2000). Research Agenda for
Medicine, 25, 283-289.
Cardiovascular Aging: Humans to Molecules.
American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, 9(5), 51-262.
Fox, C.S.; Sullivan, L.; D’Agostino, R.B.; Wilson,
P.W.F. (2004). The Significant Effect of Diabetes
Lakatta, E.G.; Levy, D. (2003). Arterial and Cardiac
Duration on Coronary Heart Disease Mortality.
Aging: Major Shareholders in Cardiovascular
Diabetes Care, 27, 704-708.
Disease Enterprises: Part I: Aging Arteries: a “Set
Up” for Vascular Disease. Circulation Research,
Franklin, S.S.; Khan, S.A.; Wong, N.D.; Larson,
107(1), 139-146.
M.G.; Levy, D. (1999). Is Pulse Pressure Useful in
Predicting Risk for Coronary Heart Disease.
Circulation Research, 100, 354-360.
61
Lakatta, E.G.; Sollott, S.J. (2002). Perspectives on
National Library of Medicine. Genetics Home
Mammalian Cardiovascular Aging: Humans to
Reference: Help Me Understand Genetics, Chapter 5, Molecules. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology.
Gene Therapy, July 2004, http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/
Part A, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 132(4), dynamicImages/understandGenetics/genetherapy.pdf.
699-721.
Newman, A.B.; Arnold, A.M.; Naydeck, B.L., et al.
Lakka, H.M.; Laaksonen, D.E.; Lakka, T.A., et al.
(2003). “Successful Aging:” Effect of Subclinical
(2002). The Metabolic Syndrome and Total and
Cardiovascular Disease. Archives of
Internal
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Middle-aged
Medicine, 163, 2315-2322.
Men. Journal of the American Medical Association, Olivetti, G.; Abbi, R.; Quaini, F.; Kajstura, J., et al.
288, 2709-2716.
(2003). Apoptosis in the Failing Heart. New
Lassegue, B.; Clempus, R.E. (2003). Vascular
England Journal of Medicine, 336, 1131-1141.
NAD(P)H Oxidases: Specific Features, Expression,
Pastor-Barriuso, R.; Banegas, J.R.; Damian, J.;
and Regulation. American Journal of Physiology—
Appel, L.J.; Guallar, E. (2003). Systolic Blood
Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, and Pulse
285, R277-R297.
Pressure: An Evaluation of Their Joint Effect on
Lesnefsky, E.J.; Moghaddas, S.; Tandler, B.; Kerner,
Mortality. Annals of Internal Medicine, 139, 731-739.
J.; Hoppel, C.L. (2002). Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Piepoli, M.F.; Davos, C.; Francis, D.P.; Coats, A.J.
in Cardiac Disease: Ischemia—Reperfusion, Aging,
(2004). ExTraMATCH Collaborative, Exercise
and Heart Failure. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Training Meta-analysis of Trials in Patients with
Cardiology, 33. 1065-1089.
Chronic Heart Failure (ExTraMATCH). British
Meaume, S.; Bentos, A.; Henry, O.F.; Rudnichi, A.;
Medical Journal, 328 (7433), 189.
Safar, M.E. (2001). Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity
Pina, I.L.; Apstein, C.S.; Balady, G.J., et al. (2003).
Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in Subjects >70
Exercise and Heart Failure: A Statement from the
Years of Age. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and
American Heart Association Committee on
Vascular Biology, 21, 2046-2050.
Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention. Circulation Miake, J.; Marban, E.; Nuss, H.B. (2002). Biological
Research, 107, 1210-1225.
Pacemaker Created by Gene Transfer. Nature
Ramachandran, S.V.; Beiser, A.; Seshadri, S., et al.
Cellular Biology, 419, 132-133.
(2002). Residual Lifetime Risk for Developing
Nadal-Ginard, B.; Kajstura, J.; Annarosa, L.;
Hypertension in Middle-aged Women and Men:
Anversa, P. (2003). Myocyte Death, Growth and
The Framingham Study. Journal of the American
Regeneration in Cardiac Hypertrophy and
Medical Association, 287 (8), 1003-1010.
Failure. Circulation Research, 92, 139-150.
62
Rasucher, F.M.; Goldschmidt-Clermont, P.J.;
Szmitko, P.; Fedak, W.M.; Weisel, R.D., et al.
Davis, B.H., et al. (2003). Aging, Progenitor Cell
(2003). Endothelial Progenitor Cells: New Hopes
Exhaustion, and Atherosclerosis. Circulation
for a Broken Heart. Circulation Research, 107, Research, 108, 457-463.
3093-3100.
Sacks, F.M.; Svetkey, L.P.; Vollmer, W.M., et al.
Tanaka, H.; DeSouza, C.A.; Seals, D.R. (1998).
(2001). Effects on Blood Pressure of Reduced
Absence of Age-related Increase in Central
Dietary Sodium and the Dietary Approaches to
Arterial Stiffness in Physically Active Women.
Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet. The New England
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol., 18, 127-132.
Journal of Medicine, 244(1), 3-10.
Vaitkevicius, P.V.; Fleg, J.L., et al. (1993). Effects of Safar, M.E. (2001). Systolic Blood Pressure, Pulse
Age and Aerobic Capacity on Arterial Stiffness in
Pressure, and Arterial Stiffness as Cardiovascular
Healthy Adults. Circulation Research, 88, 1456-1462.
Risk Factors. Current Opinion in Nephrology and
Vollmer, W.M.; Sacks, F.M.; Ard, J.; Appel, L.J., et
Hypertension, 10, 257-261.
al. (2001). Effects of Diet and Sodium Intake on
Scuteri, A.; Najjar, S.S.; Muller, D.C.; Andres, R.;
Blood Pressure: Subgroup Analysis of the DASH-
Hougaku, H.; Metter, E.J.; Lakatta, E.G. (2004).
sodium Trial. Annals of Internal Medicine,
Metabolic Syndrome Amplifies the Age-associat-
135(12), 1019-28.
ed Increases in Vascular Thickness and Stiffness.
Wang, M.; Lakatta, E.G. (2002). Altered Regulation
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 43
of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Aortic Remodeling
(8), 1396-1398.
During Aging. Hypertension, 39(4), 865-73.
Seals, D.R. (2003). Habitual Exercise and the Age-
Wang, M.; Takagi, G.; Asai, K.; Resuello, R.G.;
associated Decline in Large Artery Compliance.
Natividad, F.F.; Vatner, D.E.; Vatner, S.F.; Lakatta
Exercise and Sports Sciences Reviews, 31(2), 68-72.
E.G. (2003). Aging Increases Aortic MMP-2
Sussman, M.A.; Anversa, P. (2004). Myocardial
Activity and Angiotensin II in Nonhuman
Aging and Senescence. Annual Review of Physiology, Primates. Hypertension, 41(6), 1308-16.
66, 29-48.
Zile, M.R.; Baicu, C.F.; Gaasch, W.H. (2004).
Sutton-Tyrrell, K.; Newman, A.; Simonsick, E.M.;
Diastolic Heart Failure—Abnormalities in Active
Havlik, R., et al. (2001). Aortic Stiffness is
Relaxation and Passive Stiffness of the Left
Associated with Visceral Adiposity in Older Adults
Ventricle. New England Journal of Medicine, 350, Enrolled in the Study of Health, Aging, and Body
1953-1959.
Composition. Hypertension, 38, 429-433.
63
Ac knowledge me nts
Writer
Page 15 — “The Heart: Young and Old”
Page 36 — “Age and Arteries”
illustration, Levine & Associates
illustration, Levine & Associates
Doug Dollemore
Office of Communications
Page 17 — Water aerobics photos, cour-
Page 37 — Magnified arterial wall
and Public Liaison
tesy of the National Institute on Aging,
section, courtesy of the University of
National Institute on Aging
National Institutes of Health
Western Australia
National Institutes of Health
Page 18 — “When the Brain Talks to the
Page 39 — Man getting blood pressure
Heart” illustration, Levine & Associates
checked, courtesy of the National
Design
Institute on Aging, National Institutes
Page 20 — Scientist at microscope,
Megan Riordan, Designer
of Health
illustration, Levine & Associates,
John Vance, Managing Art Director
photo courtesy of Getty Images, Inc.
Page 40 — “Production of Nitric
Levine & Associates, Inc.
Oxide” illustration, Levine & Associates
Washington, DC
Page 21 — Myocyte, courtesy
of Edward Lakatta
Page 41 — “Young and Old Arteries”
Photography/Illustrations
illustration, Levine & Associates
Page 22 — Calcium release in myocyte
Cover — illustration, Levine &
images, courtesy of the James Hogg
Page 43 — DNA, courtesy of Getty
Associates, photos courtesy of Getty
iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular
Images, Inc.
Images, Inc.
and Pulmonary Research, University of
British Columbia
Page 44 — C-reactive protein structure,
Page 2 — Three generations, illustration,
adapted from original by Paul Ridker,
Levine & Associates, photo courtesy of
Page 23 — “How a Myocyte Contracts”
Harvard University Medical School,
Getty Images, Inc.
illustration, Levine & Associates
Pathology Department
Page 5 — “Anatomy of the Heart”
Page 27 — “Contractile Proteins”
Page 46 — Endothelial cell, courtesy
illustration, Levine & Associates
illustration, Levine & Associates
of Molecular Expressions: http://www.
microscopy.fsu.edu, Florida State
Page 7 — Heart woodcut, courtesy
Page 28 — “Opposing Pressures”
University
of the National Library of Medicine,
illustration, Levine & Associates
National Institutes of Health; MRI image,
Page 47 — Exercise, courtesy
courtesy of Dynamic Graphics, Inc.
Page 29 — Christiaan Leewenburgh
of the National Institute on Aging,
photo, courtesy of Christiaan
National Institutes of Health
Page 8 — John Bicknell, illustration,
Leewenburgh
Levine & Associates, photo courtesy of
Page 48 — Metabolic syndrome graph,
Doug Dollemore
Page 30 — Piero Anversa photo,
Levine & Associates; Angelo Scuteri
courtesy of Piero Anversa
photo, courtesy of Angelo Scuteri
Page 9 — John Bicknell photo,
courtesy of Doug Dollemore
Page 31 — Stem cell, courtesy
Page 49 — Man in kitchen, courtesy
of Piero Anversa
of Dynamic Graphics, Inc.
Page 10 — Edward Lakatta photo,
courtesy of Edward Lakatta
Page 32 — Happy couple, illustration,
Page 50 — Crystallized cholesterol under
Levine & Associates, photo courtesy
the microscope, courtesy of Molecular
Page 11 — “Heart Dynamics”
of Getty Images, Inc.
Expressions: http://www.microscopy.
illustration, Levine & Associates
Page 33 — Heart blood vessel photo,
Reads:
15
Pages:
71
Published:
Aug 2024
This book contains 100 multiple choice questions distributed into 10 chapters (10 questions for each chapter). The chapters included in this book are:Chapter ...
Formats: PDF, Epub, Kindle, TXT