temporary suspension of respiration
ARSOF
Army special operations forces
ART
Army tactical task
ARTEP
Army training and evaluation program
assault climber
military mountaineer possessing advanced (Level 2) skills,
capable of leading small teams over class 4 and 5 terrain and
supervising rigging/operation of all basic rope systems
AT4
a man-portable, lightweight, self-contained, antiarmor weapon
ATGM
anti-tank guided missile
basic mountaineer
a military mountaineer trained in fundamental (Level 1)
travel/climbing skills necessary to move safely and efficiently in mountainous terrain
Glossary-1
FM 3-97.6________________________________________________________________________________
belay
a rope management technique used to ensure that a fall taken by
a climber can be quickly arrested; belay techniques are also used
for additional safety/control in rappelling, raising and lowering
systems, and for mountain stream crossings
BFV
Bradley fighting vehicle
BSFV
Bradley Stinger fighting vehicle
BN
battalion
C2
command and control
CAFAD
combined arms for air defense
CFV
cavalry fighting vehicle
CHS
combat health support
CNR
combat net radio
continental climate
bitterly cold winters, extremely hot summers; annual rain and
snowfall is minimal and often quite scarce for long periods
cordillera
principal mountain ranges of the world, named after the Spanish
word for rope
crampons
climbing irons, attached to the bottom of boots, used on ice or
snow in mountaineering
crevice
a narrow opening resulting from a split or crack as in a cliff
CS
combat support
CSS
combat service support
DA
Department of the Army
defile
a narrow passage or gorge
DPICM
dual-purpose improved conventional munition
DZ
drop zone
ECWCS
extended cold weather clothing system
edema
a local or general condition in which the body tissues contain an
excessive amount of tissue fluid
evacuation team
a team trained to move casualties over steep slopes, cliffs, and
other obstacles that would significantly impede the mobility of
standard litter bearers
EW
electronic warfare
F
Fahrenheit
FARP
forward arming and refueling point
FASCAM
family of scatterable mines
FEBA
forward edge of the battle area
Glossary-2
_________________________________________________________________________________ Glossary fixed alpine path
a mountain path created by any combination of aids, to include
steps, stanchions, standoff ladders, suspended walkways,
cableways, or other improvements made of materials available;
normally an engineering task.
fixed rope
a rope, or series of ropes, anchored to the mountain at one or
more points to aid soldiers over steep, exposed terrain; usually
installed by lead climbing teams (normally Level 2 qualification)
flash defilade
to arrange fortifications to protect from fire
FM
field manual; frequency modulation
FSMC
forward support medical company
FOX system
a lightly-armored, wheeled laboratory that takes air, water, and
ground samples and immediately analyzes them for signs of
weapons of mass destruction
gabion
a wicker basket filled with earth and stones often use in building fortifications; can also be created out of similar materials, such as wire mesh/fence, lumber, plywood, or any suitable material that
forms a stackable container for rocks, gravel, and soil
giardiasis
parasitical illness
glaciated
covered with glacial ice
GPS
global positioning system
GTA
graphic training aid
guide
a soldier experienced in all aspects of mountaineering who has
the skills and knowledge to identify obstacles and ways to
overcome them; commander's advisor on technical
mountaineering matters that could affect the tactical scheme of
maneuver; primary function of mountain leaders (Level 3
qualification)
HACE
high altitude cerebral edema
HAPE
high altitude pulmonary edema
HE
high explosives
Hellfire
tank-killing missile carried by the Apache attack helicopter
high mountains
mountains that have a local relief usually exceeding 900 meters
(3,000 feet)
HUMINT
human intelligence
HWY
highway
hygrometer
an instrument used to measure humidity or moisture content in
the air
hypoxia
a deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues of the body
ice fog trails
steam/smoke trails created by firing weapons
ID
infantry division
Glossary-3
FM 3-97.6________________________________________________________________________________
IFV
infantry fighting vehicle
IHFR
improved high frequency radio
IMINT
imagery intelligence
installation team
a team organized to construct and maintain rope installations
used to facilitate unit movement; usually comprised of Level 1
and 2 mountaineers
interdiction
to stop or hamper
ionospheric
a part of the earth’s atmosphere of which ionization of
atmospheric gases affects the propagation of radio waves; starts
at about 30 miles above ground
IPB
intelligence preparation of the battlefield
IV
intravenous
JSTARS
joint surveillance, target attack radar system
km
kilometer
lead climbing team
a roped climbing team (usually Level 2 qualification) trained to
lead on class 4 and 5 terrain; establishes/prepares the entire route for the remainder of the unit
leeward
the side sheltered from the wind
lenticular
having the shape of a double-convex lens
LOC
line of communication
local relief
the difference in elevation between valley floors and the
surrounding summits
look-down angles
the angle from the aircraft to the target
low mountains
mountains that have a local relief of 300 to 900 meters (1,000 to
3,000 feet)
LPT
logistics preparation of the theater
LRS
long-range surveillance
LRSU
long-range surveillance unit
LSDIS
light and special division interim sensor
LTC
lieutenant colonel
LZ
landing zone
MANPADS
man-portable air defense system
maritime climate
mild temperatures with large amounts of rain or snow
MBA
main battle area
METT-TC
mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support
available, time available, civil considerations
MK-19
40-mm grenade machine gun, MOD 3
Glossary-4
_________________________________________________________________________________ Glossary MOPP
mission-oriented protective posture
motti
Finnish word meaning “a pile of logs ready to be sawed into
lumber”; used in military terms to describe setting the conditions so a larger force can be defeated in detail
mountain leader
a military mountaineer possessing the highest level (Level 3) of
mountaineering skills with extensive experience in a variety of
mountain environments in both winter and summer months
MSE
mobile subscriber equipment
MSRT
mobile subscriber radio terminal
MTF
manual terrain following
NBC
nuclear, biological, and chemical
OCOKA
observation and fields of fire, cover and concealment, obstacles,
key terrain, and avenues of approach
OH-58D
a scout and attack helicopter known as the Kiowa Warrior
OP
observation post
OPORD
operation order
OPSEC
operations security
OR
operational readiness
orographic
pertaining to the physical geography of mountains and mountain
ranges
PADS
Position Azimuth Determining System
POL
petroleum, oils, and lubricants
protection
in mountaineering, special anchor points established during a
roped party climb to limit potential fall distances, protecting
climbers from severe fall/ground-fall consequences
PSYOP
psychological operations
RAAMS
remote antiarmor mine system
rappel
method of controlled frictional descent down a rope
RCW
ration, cold weather
rockfall
rockfall occurs on all steep slopes. It is caused by other climbers or by the continual erosion of the rock on a mountainside
resulting from freezing, thawing, and heavy rain; grazing
animals; or enemy action.
SATCOM
satellite communications
scree
small unconsolidated rocks or gravel, fist-size or smaller, located mostly below rock ridges and cliffs
screening crest
a hill or ridge located in front of a radar set to mask it from
unwanted returns (clutter) at close range, and to provide security Glossary-5
FM 3-97.6________________________________________________________________________________
against electronic detection or jamming; screening crest also
prevents visual observation and attack by direct fires
SEE
small emplacement excavator
SHELREP
shelling report
SHORAD
short-range air defense
SINCGARS
Single-channel Ground and Airborne Radio System
SOF
special operations forces
squall
a sudden, violent wind
SR
special reconnaissance
talus
accumulated rock debris that is much larger than scree, usually
basketball-size or larger
TBP
to be published
TC
training circular
TCF
tactical combat force
TCP
traffic control point
temperature inversion
when the temperature is warmer at higher elevations than lower
elevations
TM
technical manual
TOC
tactical operations center
TOW
tube-launched, optically tracked, wire-guided, heavy antitank
missile system
TRADOC
United States Army Training and Doctrine Command
tundra
treeless, black, mucky soil with permanently frozen subsoil;
located in mountainous regions above the timberline
tussocks
grassy clumps
UAV
unmanned aerial vehicle
UGR
unitized group ration
UHF
ultrahigh frequency
Venturi effect
as a fluid (such as air) flows through a constriction (like a
mountain pass), the speed increases and the pressure drops
VFR
visual flight rules
VT
variable time
wind chill
the rate at which a man or object cools to the ambient
temperature; wind increases the rate of cooling and adds to the
risk of frostbite, hypothermia, and other cold-weather injuries
windward
being in or facing the direction from which the wind is blowing
WP
white phosphorous
Glossary-6
Bibliography
The bibliography lists field manuals by new number followed by old number.
ARMY PUBLICATIONS
Most Army doctrinal publications are available online:
http://155.217.58.58/atdls.htm
AR 385-10. The Army Safety Program. 23 May 1988.
FM 1-0 (12-6). Personnel Doctrine. 09 September 1994.
FM 2-01.3 (34-130). Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield. 08 July 1994.
FM 2-33.2 (34-81). Weather Support for Army Tactical Operations. 31 August 1989.
FM 2-33.201 (34-81-1). Battlefield Weather Effects. 23 December 1992.
FM 3-0 (100-5). Operations. 14 June 1993.
FM 3-01.8 (44-8). Combined Arms for Air Defense. 01 June 1999.
FM 3-01.43 (44-43). Bradley Stinger Fighting Vehicle Platoon and Squad Operations.
03 October 1995.
FM 3-01.44 (44-44). Avenger Platoon, Section, and Squad Operations. 03 October 1995.
FM 3-04.100 (1-100). Army Aviation Operations. 21 February 1997.
FM 3-04.203 (1-203). Fundamentals of Flight. 03 October 1988.
FM 3-05.27 (31-27). Pack Animals in Support of Army Special Operations Forces.
15 February 2000.
FM 3-09.4 (6-20-40). Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Fire Support for Brigade Operations (Heavy). 05 January 1990.
FM 3-09.12 (6-121). Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Field Artillery Target Acquisition. 25 September 1990.
FM 3-09.40 (6-40). Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Field Artillery Manual Cannon Gunnery. 23 April 1996.
FM 3-09.42 (6-20-50). Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Fire Support for Brigade Operations (Light). 05 January 1990.
FM 3-11.4 (3-4). NBC Protection. 29 May 1992.
FM 3-11.5 (3-5). NBC Decontamination. 28 July 2000.
Bibliography-1
FM 3-97.6 ________________________________________________________________________________
FM 3-11.6 (3-6). Field Behavior of NBC Agents (Including Smoke and Incendiaries).
03 November 1986.
FM 3-11.19 (3-19). NBC Reconnaissance. 19 November 1993.
FM 3-21.7 (7-7). The Mechanized Infantry Platoon and Squad (APC). 15 March 1985.
FM 3-21.20 (7-20). The Infantry Battalion. 06 April 1992.
FM 3-21.30 (7-30). The Infantry Brigade. 03 October 1995.
FM 3-21.38 (57-38). Pathfinder Operations. 09 April 1993.
FM 3-23.10 (23-10). Sniper Training. 17 August 1994.
FM 3-23.30 (23-30). Grenades and Pyrotechnic Signals. 27 December 1988.
FM 3-24.3 (20-3). Camouflage, Concealment, and Decoys. 30 August 1999.
FM 3-24.32 (20-32). Mine/Countermine Operations. 29 May 1998.
FM 3-25.9 (23-9). M16A1 and M16A2 Rifle Marksmanship. 03 July 1989.
FM 3-25.18 (21-18). Foot Marches. 01 June 1990.
FM 3-25.26 (21-26). Map Reading and Land Navigation. 07 May 1993.
FM 3-25.60 (21-60). Visual Signals. 30 September 1987.
FM 3-25.76 (21-76). Survival. 05 June 1992.
FM 3-34.1 (90-7). Combined Arms Obstacle Integration. 29 September 1994.
FM 3-34.2 (90-13-1). Combined Arms Breaching Operations. 28 February 1991 .
FM 3-34.102 (5-102). Countermobility. 14 March 1985.
FM 3-34.112 (5-103). Survivability. 10 June 1985.
FM 3-34.214 (5-250). Explosives and Demolitions. 30 July 1998.
FM 3-34.223 (5-7-30). Brigade Engineer and Engineer Company Combat Operations (Airborne, Air Assault, Light). 28 December 1994.
FM 3-34.330 (5-33). Terrain Analysis. 11 July 1990.
FM 3-60 (6-20-10). Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for the Targeting Process.
08 May 1996.
FM 3-90.21 (6-20-1). Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for the Field Artillery Cannon Battalion. 29 November 1990.
FM 3-91.2 (71-2). The Tank and Mechanized Infantry Battalion Task Force.
27 September 1988.
FM 3-91.3 (71-3). The Armored and Mechanized Infantry Brigade. 08 January 1996.
Bibliography-2
_______________________________________________________________________________Bibliography FM 3-91.123 (71-123). Tactics and Techniques for Combined Arms Heavy Forces: Armored Brigade, Battalion Task Force, and Company Team. 30 September 1992.
FM 3-97.3 (90-3). Desert Operations. 24 August 1993.
FM 3-97.11 (90-11). Cold Weather Operations. TBP.
FM 3-97.22 (90-22). (Night) Multi-Service Night and Adverse Weather Combat Operations.
31 January 1991.
FM 3-97.50 (3-50). Smoke Operations. 04 December 1990.
FM 3-100.14 (100-14). Risk Management. 23 April 1998.
FM 3-100.15 (100-15). Corps Operations. 29 October 1996.
FM 3-100.40 (100-40). Tactics. TBP.
FM 3-100.55 (100-55). Reconnaissance and Surveillance. TBP.
FM 3-100.71 (71-100). Division Operations. 28 August 1996.
FM 4-02.2 (8-10-6). Medical Evacuation in a Theater of Operations Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. 14 April 2000.
FM 4-02.22 (22-51). Leaders’ Manual for Combat Stress Control. 29 September 1994.
FM 4-02.92 (8-10-4). Medical Platoon Leaders’ Handbook Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. 16 November 1990.
FM 4-20.1 (10-27). General Supply in Theaters of Operations. 20 April 1993.
FM 4-20.2 (10-23). Basic Doctrine for Army Field Feeding and Class I Operations Management. 18 April 1996.
FM 4-25.10 (21-10). Field Hygiene and Sanitation. 21 June 2000.
FM 4-25.11 (21-11). First Aid for Soldiers. 27 October 1988.
FM 4-30.32 (9-207). Operations and Maintenance of Ordnance Materiel in Cold Weather.
20 March 1998.
FM 5-0 (101-5). Staff Organization and Operations. 31 May 1997.
FM 6-0 (100-34). Command and Control. TBP.
FM 6-02.11 (24-11). Tactical Satellite Communications. 20 September 1990.
FM 6-02.18 (24-18). Tactical Single-Channel Radio Communications Techniques.
30 September 1987.
FM 6-02.32 (11-32). Combat Net Radio Operations. 15 October 1990.
FM 6-02.43 (11-43). The Signal Leader’s Guide. 12 June 1995.
FM 6-02.55 (11-55). Mobile Subscriber Equipment (MSE) Operations. 22 June 1999.
Bibliography-3
FM 3-97.6 ________________________________________________________________________________
FM 6-22 (22-100). Army Leadership Be, Know, Do. 31 August 1999.
FM 7-0 (25-100). Training the Force. 15 November 1988.
FM 7-10 (25-101). Battle Focused Training. 30 September 1990.
FM 7-15 (25-XX). Army Universal Task List. TBP.
FM 21-305. Manual for the Wheeled Vehicle Driver. 27 August 1993.
GTA 8-5-60. A Soldier’s Guide to Staying Healthy at High Elevations. 02 September 1996.
GTA 8-6-12. Adverse Effects of Cold. 01 August 1985.
TC 3-10. Commander’s Tactical NBC Handbook. 29 September 1994.
TC 24-20. Tactical Wire and Cable Techniques. 03 October 1988.
TC 24-21. Tactical Multichannel Radio Communications Techniques. 03 October 1988.
TC 90-6-1. Military Mountaineering. 26 April 1989.
NONMILITARY PUBLICATIONS
Jalali, Ali Ahmad and Lester W. Grau. The Other Side of the Mountain. Quantico, Va.: Marine Corps Combat Development Command, USMC Studies and Analysis Division, 1999.
Ellis, Robert B