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While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.
The Art of Astrology: How To Make and Read Horoscopes
First Edition. Copyright © Dr. Patrick Johnson.
Written by Jennifer Fetzer
What If Your Sign Was Wrong?
Click Here to Know Your True Sign
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PART I
Introduction
The Planets, The Seven Spirits Before the Throne
Time and Place as Factors in Calculation of the Horoscope Signs and Houses
The Rising Sign and the Twelve Houses
How to Calculate the Positions of the Planets
The Aspects
Making the Index
PART II
A Philosophic Encyclopedia of Astrology
Table of Logarithms
Table of Houses--Sample Pages
Ephemeris--Sample Pages
Tables of Planetary Hours
PART III
Were You Born Under a Lucky Star?
Amulets, Birthstones and Planetary Colors
When Is the Best Time to Be Born?
Reading the Horoscope. Introductory
Mundane Houses
Signs of the Zodiac
Cardinal Signs
Fixed Signs
Common Signs
Comparative Effect of Cardinal, Fixed and Common Signs on the Angles Triplicities
Sun, Moon and Ascendant
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Influence of the Twelve Signs When Rising
Intrinsic Nature of the Planets
Children of the Twelve Signs
Sun, the Giver of Life
Sun in the Twelve Houses
Sun in the Twelve Signs
Sun in Aspect with Other Planets
Venus, the Planet of Love
Venus in the Twelve Houses
Venus in the Twelve Signs
Venus in Aspect with Other Planets
Mercury, the Planet of Reason
Mercury in the Twelve Houses
Mercury in the Twelve Signs
Mercury in Aspect with Other Planets
Moon, the Planet of Fecundation
Moon in the Twelve Houses
Moon in the Twelve Signs
Moon in Aspect with Other Planets
Saturn, the Planet of Sorrow
Saturn in the Twelve Houses
Saturn in the Twelve Signs
Saturn in Aspect with Other Planets
Jupiter, the Planet of Benevolence
Jupiter in the Twelve Houses
Jupiter in the Twelve Signs
Jupiter in Aspect with Other Planets
Mars, the Planet of Action
Mars in the Twelve Houses
Mars in the Twelve Signs
Mars in Aspect with Other Planets
Planetary Octaves: Neptune-Mercury and Uranus-Venus
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Uranus, the Planet of Altruism
Uranus in the Twelve Houses
Uranus in the Twelve Signs
Uranus in Aspect with Other Planets
Neptune, the Planet of Divinity
Neptune in the Twelve Houses
Neptune in the Twelve Signs
Neptune in Aspect with Other Planets
Doctrine of Delineation in a Nutshell
Table of Planetary Keywords
Elevation, Exaltation and Critical Degrees
Mercury Before or After the Sun
Are You Helping Your Stars?
Mind and the Ruling Planet
Influence of Ruling Planets, Well Aspected
Influence of Ruling Planets, Afflicted
Mental Effects of Rising Sign
Your Luck in Life
Health and Disease
Social and Financial Fortunes
Vocation
Marriage and Offspring
Harmony and Discord
Men's Marriages
Women's Marriages
Happiness, Sorrow and Bereavement
Second Marriages
Description of the Husband or Wife
Children
Progression of the Horoscope--Fate and Freewill
Different Methods of Progression
Adjusted Calculation Date
Progression of the Angles
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Progressed Solar Directions
Progressed Lunar Directions
Mutual Aspects of the Planets
Transits
The Moon Increasing or Decreasing
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THE PRACTICAL VALUE OF ASTROLOGY
There is a side of the Moon which we never see, but that hidden half is as potent a factor in causing the ebb and flow of the earth's tide, as the part of the Moon which is visible. Similarly, there is an invisible part of man which exerts a powerful influence in life, and as the tides are measured by the motion of the Sun and Moon, so also the eventualities of existence are measured by the circling stars, which may therefore be called the "Clock of Destiny," and knowledge of their import is an immense power, for to the competent astrologer the horoscope reveals every secret of life.
Thus, when you have given an astrologer the data of your birth, you have given him the key to your innermost soul, and there is no secret that he may not ferret out. This knowledge may be used for good or ill, to help or hurt, according to the nature of the man. Only a tried friend should be trusted with this key to your soul, and it should never be given to any one base enough to prostitute a spiritual science for material gain.
To the medical man Astrology is invaluable in diagnosing diseases and prescribing a remedy, for it reveals the hidden cause of all ailments. If you are a parent the horoscope will aid you to detect the evil latent in your child and teach you how to apply the ounce of prevention. It will show you the good points also, that you may make the better man or woman of the soul entrusted to your care. It will reveal systemic weakness and enable you to guard the health of your child; it will show what talents are there, and how the life may be lived to a maximum of usefulness.
Therefore, the message of the marching orbs is most important, and as we have shown the great danger of giving birth data to anyone else, there remains only one course: To study the science yourself.
This book and the simplified method it contains of casting a horoscope in a thoroughly scientific manner is published in order to enable anyone who can add and subtract to do the work himself, instead of relying on others. Thus he will obtain a deeper knowledge of the causes which are operative in life than any professional astrologer who is a stranger can give.
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THE SEVEN SPIRITS BEFORE THE THRONE
The nebular theory explains with wonderful ingenuity the material viewpoint of how a solar system consisting of sun and planets may be formed from a central firemist, provided the firemist is put in motion. Something or somebody extraneous to the firemist is necessary to give that first impulse, however, as shown by Herbert Spencer, who rejected the nebular theory because it implies a first cause, yet he was unable to enunciate a hypothesis free from that, to him, objectionable flaw. Thus the scientific theory of the genesis of a solar system coincides with the religious teaching of a First Cause, call it God or by any other name, who is the superior intelligence ordering the path of the marching orbs with a definite end and aim in view. That end we may not yet be able to wholly perceive, but all about us on our planet we cannot fail to note, if observant, an orderly progression of all things towards perfection, and it may be inferred that a similar process of evolution must be in progress on all the other planets, varying of course, in consonance with the diverse conditions existing on each.
Mystic teaching concerning the formation of a solar system agrees with the nebular theory which says that rings were thrown off from the central mass of the Sun, forming in succession the several planets, those farthest from the Sun being formed first while Venus and Mercury, last formed, are nearest the Sun.
Back of every act is a thought, and behind every visible phenomenon there is an invisible cause. So with the formation of the planets in a solar system, there is a spiritual reason for their being, as well as a material explanation.
The central firemist we may consider the first visible manifestation of the triune God, the Lord of Hosts, Who contains within His Being a multitude of other beings at varying stages of development. Their diverse needs require different external environments. In order to furnish such proper conditions several planets have been thrown off from the central mass, each being differently constituted and each having a climatic condition varying from the others. Yet they are all in the kingdom of God, the solar system. "In Him they live and move and have their being" in the most literal sense, for the whole solar system may be considered as the body of God and the planets as the organs in that body, ensouled by His Life, moving in His Strength in accord with His Will.
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Each visible planet is the embodiment of a great and exalted spiritual intelligence Who is the minister of God in that department of His Kingdom, endeavoring to carry out His Will, the latter having in view the ultimate highest good, regardless of temporary ill.
These Planetary Spirits exercise a particular influence on the evolving beings upon other planets according to the development attained by such beings. The lower in the scale of evolution a being is placed the more potent are the effects of the planetary influences; the higher, the wiser and the more individualized a being is, the more it is able to shape its own course and the less it will be actuated by the stellar vibrations. That is why Astrology applied to daily life helps us. It gives a knowledge of our weaknesses and the tendencies to evil in our nature; it shows us our strength and the times most opportune for development of added power for good.
In all religions we hear of the seven Planetary Genii: the Hindu tells of Seven Rishi, the Parsi of Seven Ameshaspentas, the Mohammedan of Seven Archangels and our Christian religion has its Seven Spirits Before The Throne.
The modern astronomer divorces the spiritual aspect of the celestial science, Astrology, which he pooh-poohs an "an exploded superstition," from the material phase, Astronomy, counting eight primary planets [plus Pluto] in our solar system-
-Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Earth, Venus, Mercury. He shows through the telescope that they exist and thinks he has proved that religion knows not whereof it speaks when it asserts that there are seven planets in the solar system.
The Mystic, however, points to Bode's Law as vindicating his assertion that Neptune does not really belong to our solar system.
The law is this: If we write a series of 4's, add 3 to the second, 6 to the third, 12
to the fourth, etc., doubling the amount added each time, the resulting series of numbers is a very close approximation to the relative distances of the planets from the Sun with the exception of Neptune. Thus, to illustrate: Mercury Venus Earth Mars Asteroids
Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
..
3
6
12 24
48
96
192
384
4
7
10
16 28
52
100
196
388
If we divide this series by 10 we get 1 for the distance of the earth from the Sun and the other numbers then represent the distances of the other planets in terms 9
of the earth's distance. The closeness with which this simple law gives the distance is shown as follows, the column headed "Bode" being the distances according to this law, while the column headed "Distance" gives the correct values in terms of the earth's distances.
Bode Distance
Mercury:
0.4 0.4
Venus:
0.7 0.7
Earth:
1.0 1.0
Mars:
1.6 1.5
Asteroids:
2.8 2.6
Jupiter:
5.2 5.2
Saturn:
10.0 9.5
Uranus:
19.6 19.2
Neptune:
38.8 30.0
It is thus seen that, with the exception of the values for Neptune, the numbers represent very nearly the relative proportional distances from the Sun, of the seven planets and the Asteroids which are within our solar system, but fail very decidedly when applied to Neptune, who is the embodiment of a Great Spirit from the Creative Hierarchies which normally influence us from the Zodiac. This planetary genius works specifically with those who are preparing for initiation and partially with those who study astrology and put it into practice in their daily lives, for then they are also preparing for the path of attainment. The twinklings of the fixed stars from without our solar system are the pulsations of spiritual impulses sent forth by the guardians of the Greater Mysteries; and the Mercurians, the Gods of Wisdom, send out similar impulses pertaining to the lesser mysteries, hence Mercury twinkles like a fixed star.
Planets revolve around the Sun at varying rates of speed, the smaller planets, which are the closest to the Sun, moving much more rapidly than the larger ones which, in addition, describe wider circles.
Mercury makes orbital revolution in:
88
days
Venus makes orbital revolution in:
224.5
days
Earth makes orbital revolution in:
365.25
days
Mars makes orbital revolution in:
1 yr. 322
days
Jupiter makes orbital revolution in:
12
years
Saturn makes orbital revolution in:
29.5
years
Uranus makes orbital revolution in:
84
years
Neptune makes orbital revolution in:
165
years
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Pluto makes orbital revolution in:
248
years
The hourly motion of the planets in their orbits is as follows: Miles:
Mercury:
104,000
Venus:
77,000
Earth:
65,000
Mars:
53,000
Jupiter:
29,000
Saturn:
21,000
Uranus:
15,000
Neptune:
12,000
Besides revolving in their orbits around the Sun, the planets also revolve upon their axes in the same direction as they revolve in their orbits; that is, from west to east. This movement is called the diurnal rotation.
The time occupied by the diurnal rotation of the planets is as follows: Hours:
Mercury:
24.5
Venus:
23.5
Earth:
24
Mars:
24.5
Jupiter:
10
Saturn:
10.5
Uranus:
9.5
Neptune:
Unknown
The Sun also rotates upon an axis but requires about 608 hours or 25 1-3 days to complete one rotation.
The axis of a planet may be either perpendicular or oblique to its orbit. The present approximate inclinations of the axes are as follows: Degrees:
Jupiter:
3
Earth:
23.5
Mars:
25
Saturn:
26
Venus:
60
Mercury:
72
Uranus:
102
Neptune:
155
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The inclination of the axis of the Sun to the plane of the ecliptic is about 7 1/2
degrees.
The above inclinations of the axes do not in all cases coincide with the figures given by physical science, neither do we endorse their view that these inclinations remain practically unchanged, save for a slight vibratory movement called nutation. There is an exceedingly slow third movement of the planets whereby that which is now the North Pole of the earth will in the future, as it has in the past, point directly towards the Sun. Later it will be in the position where now the South Pole is, and in due time it will reach again its present place. Thus tropical climate and glacial epochs succeed each other on all points of each planet.
In addition to this gradual movement of about 50 seconds of space per century, whereby a whole revolution of the earth's axis is completed in about two and one-half million years, there have also been sudden changes at a time when that which is now the North Pole pointed directly towards the Sun. The southern hemisphere was then continually in darkness and cold.
Resulting conditions caused a sudden overtopping of our globe the last time. Since that time, however, the Spirit which previously guided the earth from without has drawn into the sphere and such a happening will be impossible in the future.
Mr. Pierre Bezian, a French mechanic, has constructed an apparatus demonstrating this third movement. He is said to have received his idea from a study of the teachings promulgated among various ancient people by priests possessed of mystic learning, particularly from the Egyptians. He shows how such a third movement will account for the tropical flora and fauna found in the frozen North, which can be accounted for in no other way. He also shows that when in the course of this third movement in the inclination of a planet's axis becomes greater than 90 degrees and its North Pole commences to point toward the south, the satellites of that planet will seem to turn in the opposite direction from the satellites of the other planets, as is the case with Uranus and Neptune's satellites; a fact which astronomers are puzzled to explain.
On Uranus and Neptune the Sun also rises in the west and sets in the east for the same reason: the inversion of their poles.
As a last difference between the teachings of modern science and the Western Wisdom Teaching of the Rosicrucians, we may note that astronomers of today speak of Venus and Mercury as inferior planets because they always appear close 12
to the Sun; Venus is seen only as a morning or an evening star; Mercury is rarely seen because it keeps so close to the Sun.
The other planets are called superior because they are seen at all distances from the Sun, being even at the very opposite point of the horizon from the Sun.
This appellation, inferior and superior, the mystic would reverse, for him it is clear that the Sun is the embodiment of the highest spiritual intelligence in our system.
At the beginning of our present phase of evolution all that is now outside the Sun was inside, but not all beings could continue to vibrate at the immense rate which obtained there; some fell behind, crystallized and, in time, became a clog on other classes. They started to crystallize at the pole, where motion is slow, but gradually their increased weight brought them to the equator, where motion is most rapid, and they were thrown off from the Sun by centrifugal force.
Later, other beings failed to keep up the vibratory movement, lagged behind, and were thrown off at a proper distance so that the solar vibrations may give them the rapidity necessary to their development.
The most advanced spirits stayed longest with the Sun and consequently, if the appellation inferior and superior is to be applied at all, it should be used in reverse manner.
In order to avoid all misunderstanding, it may be well to state that Jupiter was thrown off and given its enormous bulk of fiery substance because the Jupiterians had arrived at a very high state of development, where they needed both high vibrations and independent motion. Jupiter is therefore in some aspects an exception to the rule; a case where a higher law supersedes a lower.
In conclusion we reiterate that the planets in our solar system are the visible embodiments of the Seven Spirits before the Throne of God, the Sun, and that just as it is possible to us to transmit by wireless telegraphy the force which moves the telegraph key, lights a lamp, pulls a lever, etc., so may these Great Spirits exercise an influence upon human beings in proportion to our stage of individuality. If we aim to act in harmony with the laws of Good, we rise above all other laws and become a law unto ourselves; co-workers with God and helpers in nature. Ours is the privilege, ours the loss, if we fail to live up to our highest possibilities.
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Let us therefore, strive to know, that we may do, and, above all let us beware of prostituting the science of the stars to the gutter of fortune-telling. Gold of Mammon may be ours if we do, but the "peace of God which passeth all understanding" will bring us lasting joy if we use our knowledge in unselfish service to others.
Find Your Zodiac Sign With The Astrology Chart
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CALCULATION OF THE HOROSCOPE
A horoscope is simply a chart of the heavens showing a certain position of the planets and zodiacal signs relative to each other and the earth. The constellations remain in the same position one to another, and are therefore called "fixed stars,"
but the earth and other planets constantly change. They do not return to the same relative position until after about twenty-six thousand years. Thus every scientifically calculated horoscope is absolutely individual and shows a stellar influence different from That exerted in any other life commenced at a different time. Because of the revolution of the earth upon its axis a new degree of the zodiac rises every four minutes and thus even the horoscopes of twins may differ considerably. The student will therefore realize the importance of time as a factor in casting a horoscope. There are, however, various methods of approximating the time and erecting a correct horoscope for those who do not know the hour of their birth, but That subject belongs to an advanced grade of this study.
Time is not the same world over, however. When the Sun rises where we live, it sets in another place, and That makes another difference in the horoscopes even if cast for children born at the same moment of time but in opposite parts of the world, for if it were noon in the birthplace of one, the Sun would be high in the heavens above the earth, and in the birthplace of the other child it would be midnight with the Sun directly below the earth. We know That the chemical effect of the solar ray varies with its position, and when the change is physically noticeable, the spiritual effect must also differ. It is therefore evident that time and place are basic factors in calculation of the horoscope. We shall first show how to locate the place of birth, then we take up the matter of time.
PLACE
Geographically, the earth is divided by two imaginary sets of circles. One circle runs east and west, halfway between the North and South Poles as shown in the accompanying charts: it is called the Equator. Other circles called Parallels of Latitude, are imagined running parallel to the Equator, and their use is to measure the distance of any place North or South of the Equator. Now get an atlas and look at the map of North America. Along the right and left hand borders you will see certain numbers. Note That a curved line runs from No. 50 on the right to No. 50
on the left. That is the fiftieth parallel of latitude. All cities along That line, in America, Europe or Asia are equidistant from the Equator, and said to be located in "Latitude 50 North."
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Another line runs from number 40 on the left border to number 40 on the right.
Let us note some of the principal cities on or near this line. San Francisco is a little further south, Denver right on the line, Chicago and New York a trifle north. Now turn to the map of Europe. There the right and left hand numbers with their connecting circles are also latitudes, and at the number 40 you will see Lisbon and Madrid. Proceeding eastwards Rome and Constantinople appear a little to the north of our line.
These places may be said, for the purposes of elementary instruction, to be in the same degree of latitude, and therefore another determinator must be used to differentiate the location of each place from all others.
This is accomplished by dividing the earth longitudinally from pole to pole by another set of imaginary circles called Meridians of Longitude, and shown in our chart. All places along such circles have noon at the same instant, regardless of how far they are from the Equator, or whether near the North or South Pole.
Now look again at your map of Europe. There you will see numbered lines running from the top of the map to the bottom. These are the lines of longitude. One is numbered 0. If you follow that line you will find London,
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and close thereto a place called Greenwich. That is the location of the world's greatest observatory, and for purposes of astronomical calculation all places on earth are considered as being so and so many degrees west or east of Greenwich.
Thus, by Latitude we obtain the location of a certain place north or south of the Equator.
By longitude we designate its position east or west of Greenwich.
When the location of a place is stated in terms of latitude and longitude it marks a certain spot beyond all possibility of confusion with any other place, and gives the astrologer one of the primal factors necessary to calculate a scientific horoscope--
place.
Latitude is the principal factor in locating the signs of the zodiac by means of
"Tables of Houses," which apply to all places in a certain degree of latitude. These tables are as nearly unchangeable as the fixed stars to which they apply; they remain the same from year to year, at least the change is so small as to be unappreciable in a lifetime.
Longitude is the prime factor in all calculations connected with the movable planets. To calculate their places at the time of a person's birth it is necessary to have an astronomical almanac for the year of birth. This is called an ephemeris because it records the ephemeral or momentary position of the planets as seen from the observatory at Greenwich each day at noon.
TIME
A solar Day is the period of time it takes the Sun to move from any certain meridian of longitude till it returns to the same meridian the next day. Owing to the variable motion of the earth in its orbit, and the obliquity of the ecliptic, the Sun's path, the solar days are not all of equal length, but as the purposes of social and civil life require a uniform division an average is struck of all solar days in a year, and this is called a Mean Solar Day. It commences at midnight when the Sun is at the nadir. Clocks are regulated to show its beginning and end, also its equal divisions into twenty-four hours. There is thus a difference between sun-time and clock-time.
From the time when the Sun is nearest to the earth (perihelion) December 24th, to the time when it is farthest from the earth (aphelion) June 21st, clock-time is in advance of sun-time. From June 21st to December 24th, the Sun is in advance of the clock, the greatest difference being 16 minutes in the beginning of November.
When the unequal motion of the earth in its orbit and the obliquity of the ecliptic act together, the difference between sun-time and clock-time is greatest; but four times a year, April 15th, June 15th, September 1st and December 24th, they agree.
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A Sidereal Day is the time which elapses between a fixed star's leaving a certain degree of longitude until it returns to it the following day. This is the exact time of one complete revolution of the earth upon its axis; it is the only absolutely uniform motion observed in the heavens, having undergone no change since the earliest observations on record.
Owing to the motion of the earth in its orbit about the Sun a Solar Day is longer than a Sidereal Day, for as the Sun moves farther to the east during the time of the earth's daily rotation on its axis, the earth must turn further upon its axis before a certain meridian comes in line with the Sun. The solar day is therefore about four minutes longer than the sidereal day, but owing to the variable motion of the earth in its orbit and the obliquity of the ecliptic previously mentioned, this difference also varies each day.
In bygone days clocks in each city or hamlet differed from the timepieces of every other place because all were set to local time, but this caused much confusion to the traveling public; therefore America adopted what is called Standard Time on November 18, 1883. For persons born subsequent to That date a correction is necessary to convert the time shown by clocks to True Local Time, for That is the time used to calculate the horoscope. The diagram will aid students to understand what Standard Time is, how it overcame confusion, and how the before-mentioned correction is made.
It was suggested, That if the country be divided into time-zones each about fifteen degrees of longitude in width (this being the distance the Sun travels in one hour), and all the clocks in each division set to one uniform time, gauged by a meridian located in the middle of the resulting time-zone, confusion of travelers would be avoided.
Accordingly America was divided into four such zones by three imaginary lines, as illustrated in the diagram.
In the Eastern Time Zone clocks are set true to the 75th meridian, 5 hours earlier than Greenwich Mean Time.
In the Central Time Zone time is regulated to the 90th meridian which is 6 hours earlier than Greenwich.
In the Mountain Time Zone timepieces are governed according to the 105th meridian, 7 HOURS earlier than Greenwich Mean Time.
In the Pacific Time Zone time is standard to the 120th meridian, 8 hours earlier than Greenwich.
(There is a fifth zone in the far East, comprising Maine, Nova Scotia, etc. This zone we omitted in order That our diagram might be larger.)
In all cities located on these Standard Meridians (see diagram on the opposite page), such as Philadelphia and Denver, standard time is also true local time, and no correction is required in calculation of horoscopes. But Detroit, which you will see located on the dividing line between the Eastern and Central Time Zones, is 7
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degrees east of the 90th meridian, and its
Note: Detroit adopted Eastern Standard Time, May 15, 1915
clocks are therefore 28 minutes slow in actual fact, for when they show noon, according to the 90th meridian standard, the true local time is 28 minutes past twelve. Chicago you will see a little east of the 90th meridian (2 degrees). When the clocks there are twelve noon it is really 12:08. San Francisco clocks show noon when the true local time is only 11:50, because That city is 2 1/2 degrees west of the Standard Meridian. Correction is therefore necessary. The rule for obtaining the true local time is:
To the nearest Standard Meridian Time, add four minutes for each degree the birth place is east of the Meridian corresponding to That Time.
If the birth place is west of the Meridian, subtract four minutes for each degree it is West thereof.
When a child is born the exact moment it draws its first breath should be noted, as That moment and not the time of delivery is the time of birth from the astrologer's point of view.
The reason for taking the time of the first inspiration, usually accompanied by a cry, as the moment of birth, is That the chemical condition of the atmosphere changes at each moment as the vibrations from the stars change. We note such a 19
change in the atmosphere according to the position of the Sun in the sky at different hours of the day or night. The night air is different from the atmosphere at noon. These are not sudden changes, but are brought about by, to us imperceptible degrees. We who are more callous from continued changes, do not feel them, but the little sensitive form of a new-born child is eminently susceptible to the inrush of That fist charge of its lungs, and as the oxygen contained therein surges through the body, by mixture with the blood every single atom receives a peculiar stamp which is retained all through life, although atoms change, in the same way That a scar perpetuates itself on the body despite the change of atoms.
That first stamping is the physical basis of the idiosyncrasies and temperamental characteristics which cause each of us to act differently under the same stellar conditions; it is the basis of the tendencies of our physical nature and in harmony with our stage of attainment as required by the law of causation, which gives us in each life the faculties evolved during all our previous existences. Thus we do not have a certain fate because we are born at a certain moment, but we have been brought to birth at the time when the stellar rays will give us the tendency to work out the fate generated in past lives.
This distinction is very important, for it marks the difference between the view of the materialistic astrologer and the religious conception of Astrology.
In March 1918, the U. S. Government passed the Daylight Saving Act, by which all clocks were set ahead one hour at midnight preceding the last Sunday in March and then set back one hour at midnight preceding the last Sunday in October. This Act was in force in 1918 and 1919 only. All recorded dates in the periods affected should have one hour subtracted in order to obtain Standard Time.
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Although we are many millions of miles nearer the Sun in winter, its rays transmit less heat than in summer when we are farthest from it, and it is therefore evident that distance has no effect on transmission of heat-rays, but as the Sun rises towards the zenith, be it summer or winter, the heat increases, the greatest heat being experienced in mid-summer when sun-rays are nearest the perpendicular; it is therefore evident that the angle of the ray is the sole determinator of its influence.
Astrology deals with planetary angles and their observed effect upon mankind; in order to determine these angles and tabulate observations, the fixed stars along the Sun's path have been divided into groups or constellations, and the heavens, as viewed from the birthplace of a child have been divided into houses. most beginners find it very confusing to differentiate between these signs and houses, but if it is kept in mind that the signs are divisions of the heavens relative to the vernal equinox, and houses are divisions of the heavens relative to the birthplace, there should be no difficulty. The signs influence certain parts of the body; houses govern conditions of life.
Like any other circle, the zodiac is divided into 360 degrees, each of the twelve signs is therefore 30 degrees. Their names and symbols are given in the affixed diagram. The parts of the body ruled by those signs are as follows: Aries:
Head
Taurus:
Cerebellum and Neck
Gemini:
Arms and Lungs
Cancer:
Stomach
Leo:
Heart and Spinal Cord
Virgo:
Intestines
Libra:
Kidneys
Scorpio:
Sex Organs and Rectum
Sagittarius:
Hips and Thighs
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Knees
Aquarius:
Ankles
Pisces:
Feet
These twelve constellations are the natural zodiac and ever in the same relative positions, but on account of a motion of the pole of the earth the Sun crosses the equator at the slightly different point each spring at the vernal equinox, and this shifting point is considered in Astrology as being the first degree of Aries, the beginning of what is called the intellectual zodiac, which thus changes from year to year at the rate of about 50.1 seconds per annum, 1 degree in 7 years, 1 sign in 2156 years, completing the circle of 12 signs in about 25,868 years. This backward movement is called "precession of the equinox."
From the materialistic viewpoint there seems to be no reason for this shifting of the zodiac, but from the position of the mystic it is not at all arbitrary, but necessary and in harmony with the spiral path of evolution adhered to in both star and starfish, observable everywhere in nature. After completion of each cycle, the intellectual and the natural zodiacs agree (the last time A. D. 498), then a new world period commences, a new phase of evolution, a higher loop of the spiral whereon we are ever traveling towards God. Even from the material standpoint it is evident that the spiral path of the solar system observed by astronomers must change the angle of incidence of the light rays from the fixed stars, and as the angle of incidence of the Sun's rays upon our earth has the effect of producing the climatic changes of summer and winter, it is reasonable that a similar change must follow from our altered position relative to the fixed stars, which may account for gradual changes of conditions such as that the winters grow less cold and the summers less warm in certain parts of the world.
Furthermore, it has been observed that climatic conditions have a distant effect on our temperament--we feel differently in summer than we do in winter--and may not this slow change relative to the fixed stars account for the change in humanity, which is called evolution? The mystic affirms that it does. As rays of the Sun, by change of the angle of incidence, call forth leaves and flowers from the plant at one time, and at another cause them to wither, so do rays from the fixed stars call forth and produce greater changes in flora and fauna; they are responsible for the rise and fall of nations and the temperamental change which we call civilization.
Bringing the analogy a step further, the natural zodiac is composed of the constellations as they are and remain in the heavens, and the intellectual zodiac commences at the changing point where the Sun crosses the equator at the vernal equinox. That is the time when Nature brings to birth that which has germinated in her womb during the preceding winter. Thus the horoscope of the world changes from year to year. "As above, so below," is the law of analogy and the same salient points are observable in the evolution of man and microbe, star and starfish.
22
In the human map we have also what may be called a natural horoscope, that is the figure as cast by the rules of Astrology, where any sign may be on the Ascendant, or First House. The changing vernal equinox corresponds to the first degree of Aries, in the intellectual zodiac, so the Ascendant in any human horoscope also has an influence corresponding to that degree. The Second House corresponds to Taurus, the Third to Gemini, and so on, forming the counterpart of the intellectual zodiac in the human horoscope.
As the rays of the Sun are intensified when focused through a lens, so is the spiritual life of the Sun when focused through the two houses of Mars to bring a life from the unseen world.
Cancer, the first of the watery signs was pictured among the ancient Egyptians as a scarab (beetle), which was their emblem of the soul, and occultists know that the seed-atom of the body is planted when the Sun of Life, (the Ego,) is in Cancer, the sphere of the Moon, the planet of fecundation.
Four months later, when the Sun of Life passes through the second of the watery signs, Scorpio, which is under the rulership of Mars, the planet of passion and emotion, the Silver Cord is tied which binds the desire body to the lower vehicles, and we have the 'quickening' when the fetus first beings to show sentient life. By that time the Ego has dissolved the nucleated blood corpuscles through which the mother's life manifested in the growing organism, and it can then begin to work in the vital fluid and manifest sins of separate life in the body until the Sun of Life has completed its circle and again reaches the mystic Eighth House.
Eight months after the seed atom was sown the Sun of Life, the Spirit, enters Pisces, the last of the watery signs in the mystic zodiac, which is under the expansive, benefic ray of Jupiter. Under this benevolent influence the waters of parturition swell and burst the restraining walls of the womb, when the nine months of gestation have been completed, launching the new-born soul upon the Ocean of Life at the first point of Aries, where it is warmed and cheered by the combined rays of Mars and the Sun, which are house and exaltation rulers. Thus it is prepared or the battle of existence by the energetic war-god, and its fountain of life, be it large or small, is filled to capacity by the Sun, from the great cosmic reservoir of vital energy.
THE HOUSES
In a horoscope the birthplace is always supposed to be the highest point on the earth. It is designated by an arrow on the diagram herewith and the point right above it is in the sky is called the midheaven. As an observer in the northern hemisphere must always look south to see the noonday Sun, it follows that east is to the left and west on his right. Astrologers call the eastern horizon the ascendant, because at that point the stars rise or ascend towards the Midheaven, 23
and for the reverse reason they call the western horizon the descendant. Rays from stars located at these extreme points would strike the birthplace at different angles, hence their influence would vary an there would also be a noticeable difference of effect at intermediate points between the Horizon and Midheaven, besides, the planets that have descended below the earth have also power, though not to the same extent as when above the birthplace. The influence of planets on various departments of life has been observed to be as follows: First House--The shape and condition of the body, early environment and childhood's home.
Second House--Finance.
Third House--Literature, the useful arts, practical intelligence, short journeys, brothers and sisters.
Fourth House--The home and conditions in old age.
Fifth House--Amusement, courtship, children and speculation.
Sixth House--Health, servants and labor.
Seventh House--Partnership, marriage, the fine arts and the public.
Eighth House--Inheritance, death.
Ninth House--Religion, philanthropy, idealism, justice and long journeys.
Tenth House--Profession, social position and ambition.
Eleventh House--Friends, hopes and wishes.
24
Twelfth House--Prisons, hospitals, sorrow and trouble.
THE RISING SIGN AND THE TWELVE HOUSES
To illustrate how a horoscope is cast, we will first cast four horoscopes for persons born in Chicago, August 2, 1909, at 2:15 A.M., 8:15 A.M., 2:15 P.M., and 8:15
P.M., as far as the placing of the signs upon the cusps of the houses. The cusps are the dividing lines between the houses.
Finding Chicago on the map, we note that it is located near the 42nd degree of the North latitude, and close to 88 degrees of longitude West from Greenwich.
Our first concern is to find the True Local Time of Birth. We first turn to the rule on page 22 which says "to the nearest Standard Meridian Time, add four minutes for each degree the birth place is east of the Meridian corresponding to that Time.
If the birth place is west of that Meridian, subtract four minutes for each degree it is West thereof.
The nearest Standard Meridian Time is Central Time gauged by the 90th meridian.
Chicago, being 88 degrees West Longitude, is two degrees East of the 90th meridian. We therefore add two times four, or eight minutes, to the time shown by the clock, in order to find true local time. In the case
Note: Some foreign countries have adopted Standard Time, but information about this must be obtained in each case from the country in question.
of the first birth hour, when the clock showed 2:15 A.M. on August 2nd., the true local time is thus found to be 2:23 A.M. This True Local Time of Birth will be used in all subsequent calculation of the horoscope. Note, however, that this correction of Standard to Local Time applies only to the United States, and is required only for dates subsequent to Nov. 18th, 1883, when standard time was adopted. (See footnote, page 32.)
We will now proceed to find the sidereal time (abbreviated to S.T.) at the birth place at the moment of birth. As a starting point for our calculations we have the S.T. (sidereal time) for Greenwich at noon. From that we may calculate the sidereal time at the birth-place and hour by the following rule: To the sidereal time for the noon previous to birth (given in the ephemeris) add--
First, 10 seconds correction for every 15 degrees of longitude the birth-place is west of Greenwich.
Second, the interval between the PREVIOUS noon and birth.
Third, 10 seconds correction for every hour of this interval.
25
Following the above rule we turn to the page of ephemeris in the back of this book and find the column marked Sidereal Time. As our first birth hour is August 2nd, 2:23 A.M., true local time, we note that the previous noon is August 1st. Opposite that date we note the sidereal time as being 8 hours 37 minutes, which we put down thus:
H. M. S.
S.T. at Greenwich for noon previous to birth:
08 37 00
Correction for 10 seconds for each 15 deg. W. Long. of 00 00 59
birthplace:
Internal between the previous noon (Aug. 1st) and the time of 14 23 00
birth (Aug. 2nd, 2:23 A.M.):
Correction of 10 seconds per hour of interval between previous 00 02 24
noon and birth (14 h. 23 m.) equals 14 seconds or 2 min., 24
sec.:
S.T. at the birthplace on the birth-hour:
23 03 23
When the birthplace is located in east longitude, correction for longitude is subtracted. In case standard time is not used in the country of birth (see footnote page 32), the given time of birth is assumed to be True Local Time, and no correction for standard time is made. Had the child been born August 2nd at 2:15
A.M., in latitude 42 north, but in longitude 88 East, the S.T. would be figured as follows:
H. M. S.
S.T. Greenwich for noon (Aug. 1st):
08 37 00
Correction of 10 seconds for each 15 degrees east Longitude 00 00 59
(subtracted):
08 36 01
H. M. S.
Interval from previous noon (Aug. 1st) to birth, Aug. 2nd, 2:15 14 15 00
A.M.:
Correction of 10 seconds each hour of interval from previous 00 02 22
noon to birth:
S.T. at birthplace, at birth-hour:
22 53 23
As the Houses are governed by latitude, the same table of Houses is used as for the child born in Chicago.
With this S.T. we turn to the table of Houses for the latitude of the birthplace, 42
degrees. There we search the various columns marked Sidereal Time for our S.T.
at birth: 23-3-23. The one nearest to that is 23-4-46. In line with that sidereal time will be found the various degrees of the signs to be placed in our horoscope.
In the first column under latitude 42N. opposite the sidereal time 23-4-46, we observe the figure 15; at the top of the column we find the sign Pisces, and above 26
that the figure 10, which means that the 15th degree of
Pisces is to be placed on the 10th cusp, as done in the accompanying horoscope.
In the next column, in line with our sidereal time, we see the figure 20, at the top is the sign Aries, above that the figure 11, meaning that 20 degrees of Aries is to be placed on the 11th cusp.
In the third column, in line with our sidereal time, is the figure 1. Taurus and 12
are at the head of the column but beneath that is Gemini signifying that 1 degree of Gemini is to be placed on the 12th cusp.
The wide column marked Ascendant comes next. There we find the figures 8:10 in line with our sidereal time, and the sign Gemini at the top, but we disregard that sign because the sign Cancer is placed between our line and the top and we always take the first sign above our line. Therefore we place Cancer 8:10 on the Ascendant.
Proceeding along the figures in our line we note the figure 27 in the first column to the right of the wide column. At the top is the sign Cancer again and the figure 2.
Accordingly we place the 27th degree of Cancer on the cusp of the Second House.
In the extreme right hand column we find the figure 19, the sign Leo and the figure 3 at the top of the column. Therefore we place the 19th degree of Leo on the Third Cusp.
We have thus obtained figures for six of our houses, the six opposite houses are 27
given the opposite signs and degrees.
Having Pisces 15 on the Tenth House, we place the opposite degree Virgo 15 on the Fourth Cusp, which is opposite the Tenth.
Aries 20 on the Eleventh House is the opposite of Libra 20 placed on the Fifth Cusp.
Sagittarius 1 placed on the Sixth Cusp forms an exact opposite to Gemini 1 on the Twelfth House.
The Ascendant is opposite the Seventh Cusp and Capricorn 8:10 placed there is the opposite of Cancer 8:10 on the Ascendant.
Cancer 27 on the Second House will be properly opposed by Capricorn 27 on the Eighth House, and Aquarius 19 placed on the Ninth is in opposition to Leo 19 on the Third.
Now all the cusps are filled, but on account of the inclination of the earth's axis some of the signs may be intercepted between two cusps, therefore it is necessary to see if all the twelve signs are in our horoscope before proceeding further.
Counting from Aries, we note the presence of Gemini. Taurus is missing, and we therefore place it in its proper position between Aries and Gemini.
When a certain sign is intercepted, its opposite also will be missing. We may, therefore, at once place Scorpio in its proper position between Libra and Sagittarius.
It will now be found that all the twelve signs are placed in our horoscope, Cancer and Capricorn each occupying two cusps. It is finished as far as placing the signs in their proper positions relative to the houses, and that is as far as we will proceed at the present time, so we will leave this horoscope and calculate one for a person born six hours later in the same place: Chicago, August 2, 8.15 A.M.
We first have to find the True Local Time of Birth. As before, we add eight minutes to the time shown by the clock, namely 8:15 A.M. This gives us 8:23 A.M. which is the True Local Time of Birth.
Our rule for finding the Sidereal Time at the birth hour and place requires that we note the--
H. M. S.
S.T. at Greenwich on the noon previous to birth (Aug. 1st), as 08 37 00
given in the Ephemeris:
Correction of 10 seconds for each 15 degrees W. Long. birthplace 00 00 59
(Chicago, 88 W.):
Interval from previous noon (Aug. 1st) to the time of birth (Aug. 20 23 00
2nd, 8:23 A.M.):
Correction of 10 seconds for each hour of interval (20:23) equals 00 03 24
204 seconds:
Sidereal Time at birthplace at the birth hour:
29 04 23
28
Subtract the circle of 24 hours:
24 00 00
05 04 23
As there can be only twenty-four hours in a day, we subtract 24 where necessary, and work with the remainder, in this case 5-4-23 which was the true Sidereal Time in Chicago at the birth. This time, or the nearest thereto, we accordingly seek in the Table of Houses for the latitude of Chicago, 42 degrees N.
The nearest time is 5-3-29, and in line with that we find the degrees for the various cusps of our houses. In the column next to the right of the Sidereal Time is the figure 17. At the top of the column the sign Gemini and the figure 10. We therefore place the 17th degree of Gemini on the Tenth Cusp.
In the next column to the right is the figure 21. At the top of the column, the sign Cancer and the figure 11, so we place the 21st degree of Cancer on the Eleventh Cusp.
The next right hand column has the figure 22. At the top is the sign Leo and the figure 12, so we place the 22nd degree of Leo on the Twelfth House.
The large column marked Ascendant has the sign Virgo and the figures 18:56 are in our line, so we place Virgo 18:56 on the Ascendant, or First House, of our figure.
In the first column to the right of the wide column we note the figure 14. We not also that the sign Libra is above our line before we come to the top of the column, and we therefore disregard the sign found there, but note that figure 2, which indicates that the Second Cusp is occupied by the 14th degree of Libra.
In the extreme right hand column we find the figure 13 and also a sign before we come to the top of the column, the sign Scorpio, so we place the 13th degree of Scorpio on the Third Cusp.
Now we have placed signs on the six houses, and we proceed to put in the six opposite signs on the opposite houses as before: Opposite Gemini 17 on the Tenth House we place Sagittarius 17 on the Fourth House. Opposite Cancer 21 on the Eleventh we place Capricorn 21 on the Fifth. Opposite Leo 22 on the Twelfth we place Aquarius 22 on the Sixth. Opposite Virgo 18:56 on the Ascendant we place Pisces 18:56 on the Seventh. Opposite Libra 14 on the Second place Aries 14 on the Eighth, and opposite Scorpio 13 on the Third, place Taurus 13 on the Ninth House.
Now all the cusps of the horoscope are filled, and we start to count the signs to see if they are all present or if it is necessary to put in any 29
that may be intercepted. We commence our count at Aries, and find that all twelve signs are represented, and it is therefore at a stage of completion where we decide to leave it for the present.
We next proceed to cast the horoscope for a person born at Chicago, August 2, at 2:15 P.M. We find that the previous noon is August 2nd and so we start our calculations as follows:
H. M. S.
S.T. at Greenwich on the noon previous to birth (Aug. 2nd): 08 41 00
Correction of 10 seconds for each 15 degrees W. Long. birthplace 00 00 59
(88 degrees):
Interval from previous noon to the time of birth (noon to 2:23 02 23 00
P.M.):
Correction of 10 sec's for each hour of interval:
00 00 24
S.T. at birthplace on birth hour:
11 05 23
Turning to our Tables of Houses for latitude 42N., we find the nearest S.T. to be 11-4-46.
In the first column under latitude 42N. is the figure 15; the sign Virgo and the figure 10 are at the top of the column. Therefore we place 15 degrees of Virgo on the Tenth Cusp.
The second column has the figure 16, Libra and the figure 11 at the top, so 16
degrees of Libra is placed on the Eleventh House.
The figure 10 is in the third column, and the sign Scorpio between our line and the top, therefore we disregard the sign at the top, but note the 30
figure 12, and accordingly place 10 degrees of Scorpio on the Twelfth House.
In the wide column we see the figures 29:16, which we place on the Ascendant with the sign Scorpio found at the head of the column.
The column to the right of the wide column contains the figure 1, with the sign Capricorn above and at the top is the figure 2. Therefore we put Capricorn 1 on the Second Cusp.
The extreme right hand column shows the figure 8, the sign Aquarius above and the figure 3 at the head of the column. Accordingly we place the 8th degree of Aquarius on the Third House.
Now our six cusps are filled, and we proceed to place the opposite signs and degrees on the other six cusps as described in detail in connection with the first two horoscopes. When that has been done we count our signs from Aries to see if all are represented. That brings out the fact that Gemini and Sagittarius are missing., so we insert them in their proper places--Gemini between Taurus and Cancer, Sagittarius between Scorpio and Capricorn. Our horoscope has been completed as far as the signs and houses are concerned, therefore we leave it for the present to cast the last of our four experimental maps for a person born in Chicago, August 2, 1909, at 8:15 P.M. True Local Time of Birth is 8 minutes later or 8:23 P.M.
As before, we note the--
H. M. S.
S.T. at Greenwich on the noon previous to birth (Aug. 2nd): 08 41 00
Correction of 10 seconds for every 15 degrees the birthplace is 00 00 59
West of Greenwich:
31
Interval between the previous noon and birth:
08 23 00
Correction of 10 seconds for every hour of interval between 00 01 24
previous noon and birth:
Sidereal Time at birthplace at the birth hour:
17 06 23
With this sidereal time we turn to the tables of Houses for the latitude of birthplace, 42N., and find the nearest S.T. to be 17-7-49.
In the first column under latitude 42N. we find 18. At the top of the column, Sagittarius and the figure 10, therefore we place Sagittarius 18 on the Tenth Cusp.
The second narrow column shows the figure 9. Capricorn is above and the figure 11 is at the top of the column, so we place Capricorn 9 on the Eleventh Cusp.
The third narrow column has the figure 2 with Aquarius above and the figure 12 at the head of the column, so we place Aquarius 2 degrees on the cusp of the Twelfth House.
In the wide column are the figures 7:8, Pisces above and ascendant at the top, so we place 7:8 of Pisces on the Ascendant.
To the right of the wide column we find the figure 25; Aries and 2 are at the top, so we place Aries 25 on the Second Cusp.
The extreme right hand column has the figure 26 and Taurus is at the top with the figure 3. Accordingly we place Taurus 26 on the Third Cusp.
32
Having thus filled the six cusps, we proceed to fill the six opposite houses with the opposite signs.
Gemini 18 on the Fourth in opposition to Sagittarius 18 on the Tenth. Cancer 9 on the Fifth in opposition to Capricorn 9 on the Eleventh, and so on. When all the cusps have been filled we count the signs an find that all twelve are present, hence our horoscope has reached the same stage of completion as the ones previously cast.
These horoscopes of four children born in the same city (Chicago) on the same day and year (Aug. 2, 1909) but at different hours, show graphically that people may be, and are, born under all the twelve signs anywhere on any day of the year.
When we compare the four horoscopes we have cast we may learn several important lessons. In the first place, we may see the worthlessness of the statements so often heard; "I was born under Taurus," or "I was born under Scorpio," which simply means that the person was born in May or November when the Sun was in the signs mentioned. Such a statement at once exposes the one who so expresses himself as being ignorant of the science of Astrology and reveals the fact that if he has had a horoscope east, it has been done by an incompetent astrologer. These sometimes advertise to cast a horoscope "telling your fortune from the cradle to the grave" for a very small sum. But a conscientious astrologer cannot give a simple delineation of character without 33
spending at least an hour in calculation and close concentration and to make predictions covering a whole life would require days of arduous work. The scientific astrologer may speak of a person as having Taurus or Scorpio rising, and that statement at once shows that a calculation has been made taking into consideration year, month, day, hour, and place, making the horoscope cast absolutely individual; while the other type of horoscope (?) is determined solely from the month when a person was born, without regard to day, hour or even year.
If a horoscope could be cast by such a method or, rather, lack of method, there would be only twelve kinds of people on earth and all persons born in the same month would have the same fate. Such is manifestly not the case; in fact, there are no two people whose experiences are exactly alike, and an Astrology which does not make such a distinction cannot be a true science.
The scientific astrologer asks first the year of birth because he knows that the planets do not come into the same relative positions more than once in a Great Sidereal Year; thus a child's horoscope cast for 1909 cannot be duplicated for 25,868 years. Next he asks the month, for upon that will depend the position of the Sun, which is in a different sign every month in the year.
The day determines particularly the position of the Moon, which changes from one sign to another every two and one-half days; and the hour is also needful to fix its position, as it moves about 12 degrees each day.
Yet even with these data the horoscope would lack individuality, for if a child is born every second that would mean that 3,600 people are born within the same hour. If we can bring the data to within ten minutes of the actual time of birth we should have the wherewithal to calculate a relative position of the planets such as would fit only 600 of the people on earth. If we add the last datum, place, which enables us to calculate the rising sign and degree, we shall have an absolutely individual horoscope, for it is seldom indeed that two persons are born in the same place, at the same hour and minute. Event twins are born at an interval of from twenty minutes to several hours apart, and we can readily see that a different degree would then be rising for each of the two. When the last of a sign is rising for one of the twins, the other will usually be born under the next sign. As the rising sign is one of the principal significators in molding the body, the appearance of the second twin might be totally different from the first.
A comparison of the rising signs shows an apparent lack of uniformity in the diurnal motion of the earth. At 2:15 A.M. Cancer 8:10 is rising, while twelve hours later Scorpio 29-16 is on the Ascendant, showing that the birth place has traveled only about 141 degrees in the twelve hours involved. To complete the circle, it must travel 219 degrees in the remaining twelve hours. But as the diurnal rotation of the earth on its axis is uniform, the lack of uniformity in the motion noted above is due to its not being true diurnal motion. This condition is caused by the obliquity of the Ecliptic and the consequent unequal division of the latter by the planes 34
separating the houses, these planes being those of the horizon and the meridian and four intermediate ones at 30 degree intervals. For this reason certain signs rise more slowly than others and are therefore called signs of long Ascension, while their opposites are called signs of Short Ascension. It will be evident from the foregoing that most people are born under the signs of long ascension,--
Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio and Sagittarius in the Northern Hemisphere, and their opposites in the Southern Hemisphere.
35
THE POSITIONS OF THE PLANETS
As the Ephemeris is calculated for Greenwich at the time when the Observatory clock strikes twelve, it is necessary to make corrections for other hours and for places East or West from that point when it is desired to calculate a horoscope.
By adding four minutes for each degree of longitude the birthplace is West of Greenwich to the TRUE LOCAL time of birth we obtain the Greenwich Mean Time as recorded by the Observatory clock. This is written G.M.T.
We will apply this rule to calculate the G.M.T. of the horoscope for August 2, 8:15
A.M. at Chicago, which is 88 degrees West longitude:
H. M.
True Local Time of Birth (see page 38):
8 23 A.M. Aug. 2
4 min. times 88 degrees equals 353 min.:
5 52
Greenwich Mean Time (G.M.T.):
2 15 P.M. Aug. 2
Multiplying the degree of West longitude of Chicago (88 degrees) by four minutes gives us 352 minutes, which we divide by 60 because there are 60
Note: To find the G.M.T. when the time given is standard time, it is only necessary to add the even number of hours that the time zone of the birthplace is West of Greenwich or subtract the number that it is East of Greenwich, paying no attention to true local time, because the correction for true local time is automatically included in this method without any calculation. Beginning students, however, had best follow the method given on pages 32 and 50.
minutes in each hour. Thus we obtain 5 hours 52 minutes, which we add to the true local time of birth, 23 minutes after 8 in the morning, and the sum is 15
minutes past 2 o'clock in the afternoon, which is the G.M.T.
That is to say, at the identical time when the child was born and the Chicago clocks pointed to 15 minutes after 8 o'clock in the morning, the Observatory clock at Greenwich showed 15 minutes past 2 o'clock in the afternoon.
This latter is the time we must use to make our calculations of the planets' places, and in order to have as few factors in mind as possible the beginner is advised to forget the local time of birth when once he has found the G.M.T.
In Western longitudes the G.M.T. may advance into the day following birth on account of the addition of 4 minutes for each degree of longitude. In the cases 36
where the longitude of the birthplace is East of Greenwich a subtraction of 4
minutes is made for each degree; hence the G.M.T. may recede into the day preceding birth. Therefore we speak neither of birthday nor birth hour, but of the G.M.T. day and hour.
Our concern is now to find the motion of the planets of the G.M.T. day, which is from the noon before the G.M.T. to the noon after the G.M.T. The positions of the planets are found in the ephemeris.
As our G.M.T. is Aug. 2, 1909, at 2:15 P.M., if we desire to calculate the daily motion of the Sun we note its longitudes on the noon of Aug. 2nd (the noon before G.M.T.) and Aug. 3rd (the noon after G.M.T.). As we are to subtract we place the longitude of the planet on the last day above, for that facilitates the operation.
Deg. Min.
The Sun's longitude at noon on Aug. 3rd, 1909, (as given in the 10 28
ephemeris):
The Sun's longitude at noon Aug. 2nd:
09 31
The motion of the Sun on the G.M.T. day:
00 57
The next step is to find the interval between the G.M.T. and the nearest noon, for that is also a basis of our correction. In the present horoscope the G.M.T. is Aug.
2, 2:15 P.M. The nearest moon is obviously 12 o'clock August 2nd, and the interval between 12 o'clock noon and 2:15 P.M. is therefore 2 hours and 15
minutes.
The motion of the planet on the G.M.T. day and the interval from G.M.T. to nearest noon having been found, our problem may be thus stated: When the Sun moves 57 minutes of space in 24 hours, how much does it move in 2 hours and 15 minutes? Answer: 5 minutes.
This method of working the corrections by simple proportion may be used with advantage where the motion of a planet is less than one degree; with Venus, Mercury, and particularly in the case of the Moon, it is much quicker safer and more exact to perform the correction by means of logarithms. A table of logarithms is found on the last pages of our Ephemeris for any year, also a partial table in the back of this book, and its use is exceedingly simple.
At the top of the table is a line of figures: 0 to 23. They are for the Hours or Degrees ( both being divisible into 60 minutes); on the left hand side is another column having the minute figures: 0 to 59.
When we wish to find the logarithm of a certain number of hours and minutes we simply place our index finger upon the figure corresponding to the number of hours or degrees wanted, run it down the column till we reach the line corresponding to the minutes wanted. At that point where the line of minutes intersects the column of hours or degrees will be found the desired logarithm.
For instance, the daily motion of the Sun in the horoscope under calculation is 0
degrees 57 minutes. We place our index finger upon the column marked 0 at the 37
top. We run the finger down the page till we come in line with the figure 57 in the minute column. Where this line intersects the column 0 is the figure 1.4025, which is the logarithm of the Sun's motion on the G.M.T. day from noon Aug. 2, to noon Aug. 3.
In like manner we find the logarithm of interval between G.M.T. and the nearest noon. In this case the interval is 2 hours 15 minus. Running our index finger down the column marked 2 we find the figure 1.0280 in line with the figure 15 in the minute column. That logarithm (1.0280) is the logarithm of interval.
The daily motion of each planet differs from the daily motion of all other planets.
Therefore the travel of each must be separately calculated and the logarithm of its motion found, but the interval between the G.M.T. and the nearest moon applies equally in the calculation of all the planets, so that, once the interval has been ascertained, its logarithm may be used in the calculation of all the planets' places.
Continuing our calculation, we place the-
Logarithm of the Sun's motion from noon Aug. 2nd to noon Aug. 1.4025
3rd (57 minutes):
Plus Logarithm of interval:
1.0280
Logarithm of distance traveled by the Sun during the interval: 2.4305
The value of that logarithm in degrees and minutes we ascertain by finding it or the logarithm nearest thereto in the table. In the present example the nearest logarithm is 2.4594. This figure is in the column marked 0 degrees at the top, and in line with the figure 5 in the extreme left-hand column which contains minutes.
Therefore the value of the logarithm is 0 degrees 5 minutes. Thus we have obtained the same answer to our problem (When the Sun moves 57 minutes in 24
hours, how much does it move in 2 hours and 15 min.?) by using logarithms as we did working by proportion. The latter method may seem easier to the beginner, but once the logarithm of interval has been found the logarithmic method will be found to be easier, quicker and more exact, for the answers obtained by the two methods are not always quite identical, and particularly in the case of the Moon logarithms should be used.
Having found the distance traveled by the planet during the interval between the G.M.T. and the nearest noon, to find the place of the planet at the G.M.T. (which is the end and aim of our calculations), we must add this increment of correction to the planet's longitude on the noon nearest to the G.M.T. day if the G.M.T. is P.M., for in that case the planet has traveled farther than shown by the ephemeris.
If, on the other hand, the G.M.T. is in the forenoon (A.M.) the planet has not yet reached the position indicated for noon in the ephemeris, hence it will necessary to subtract the distance of travel for the interval-the increment of correction-from the planet's longitude given in the ephemeris for the noon nearest to the G.M.T.
In the present case the G.M.T. is after noon (P.M.) so we add: Deg. Min.
38
Longitude of the Sun on the noon nearest the G.M.T., Aug. Leo 09 31
2nd, as per ephemeris:
Increment of correction:
00 05
Longitude of the Sun at G.M.T.:
Leo 09 36
This position will be entered in the horoscope.
For the convenience of the student we will now enunciate the rule for finding the planets' places, in consecutive order of operation:
First--Find the G.M.T. by adding to the local time of birth 4 minutes for each degree of longitude the birth-place is west of Greenwich (subtract for East longitude).
Second--Find the interval between the G.M.T. and the nearest noon, also the logarithm of interval.
Third--Find the planet's motion on the G.M.T. day, from the noon before the G.M.T. to the noon after the G.M.T.; find also the logarithm of that motion.
Fourth--Add to the logarithm of interval the logarithm of the planet's motion on the G.M.T. day.
The sum of these is the logarithm of the planet's travel during the interval.
Fifth--Find the value of the logarithm of the planet's travel during the interval in degrees and minutes. This is the increment of correction.
Sixth--(a) When the G.M.T. is before noon (A.M.) subtract the increment of correction from the planet's position on the noon nearest to the G.M.T. (b) When the G.M.T. is after noon (P.M.) add the increment of correction to the planet's longitude on the noon nearest the G.M.T.
When planets are retrograde reverse the 6th rule.
The result in either case will give the exact position of the planet at G.M.T., which is entered in the proper place in the horoscope.
These rules have ALL been applied in calculating the position of one planet-the Sun-but as the G.M.T. (August 2, 2:15 P.M.) and the logarithm of interval (1.0280) are the same for all the planets we need not calculate them again as directed by Sections First and Second but commence our calculations of the Moon and planets according to Section Three:
Deg. Min.
Longitude of the Moon on the noon after G.M.T. as per the Pisces 02 39
ephemeris (Aug. 3):
Longitude of the Moon on the noon before G.M.T. as per Aquarius 17 55
the ephemeris (Aug.2):
The Moon's motion on the G.M.T. day:
14 44
The student will remember that there are 30 degrees in each sign and 60 minutes in one degree. In the foregoing subtraction it was necessary to borrow 1 degree 39
and add its 60 minutes to 39, for only then could we subtract from the total of 99
minutes the 55 minutes required, leaving a remainder of 44 minutes. Similarly, we borrow on e sign (30 degrees), adding it to the one degree of Pisces left after we borrowed the one degree to work our subtraction of the minutes. Thus we subtract 17 from 31 degrees, which leaves a remainder of 14 degrees.
According to Section Four of our rule we add--
Logarithm of the Moon's motion on G.M.T. day:
.2119
Logarithm of interval:
1.0280
Logarithm of Moon's travel in interval:
1.2399
Section Five directs us to find the value of this logarithm, and in our table of logarithms we note as the nearest thereto the figure 1.2393. Above that, we see at the head of the column the figure 1; to the extreme left is the figure 23, indicating that the Moon has traveled 1 degree 23 minutes during the interval (between G.M.T. and the nearest noon). This is therefore the increment of correction.
Section Six (b) directs that we add the increment of correction to the--
Deg. Min.
Longitude of the Moon on the noon nearest G.M.T. Aquarius 17 55
(Aug.2):
Increment of correction:
01 23
The longitude of the Moon in the horoscope:
Aquarius 19 18
The motion of Neptune, Uranus, Saturn and Jupiter on the G.M.T. day from noon August 2nd to noon August 3rd is seen by a glance at the ephemeris to have been only a few minutes. Consequently the distance they have traveled in the interval is negligible and they may be entered in the horoscope as having the longitude of the nearest moon to the G.M.T., August 2nd. Mars has moved 15 minutes on the G.M.T. day, and we may therefore add 1 minute for his travel during the interval to his longitude August 2nd as given in the ephemeris; so that we enter him in the horoscope as being in Aries 3:58.
Venus will need logarithmic correction.
Deg. Min.
Longitude of Venus on the noon after G.M.T. (Aug. 3):
Virgo 06 21
Longitude of Venus on the noon before G.M.T. (Aug.2):
Virgo 05 09
Venus' motion on the G.M.T. day:
01 12
Logarithm of Venus' motion on G.M.T. day:
1.3010
Logarithm of interval:
1.0280
Logarithm of Venus' travel during interval:
2.3290
Increment of correction (value of log. 2.3290 or the nearest thereto, in this case 2.3133) equal 0 degrees 7 min.
Deg. Min.
40
Venus' longitude on the noon nearest G.M.T. (Aug.2nd): Virgo 05 09
Increment of correction:
00 07
Venus' long. to be entered in horoscope:
Virgo 05 16
Mercury also has moved sufficiently to make it desirable to calculate his exact longitude at G.M.T. of birth by logarithms--
Deg. Min.
Longitude of Mercury on the noon after G.M.T.:
Leo 09 22
Longitude of Mercury on noon before G.M.T.:
Leo 07 17
Mercury's motion on the G.M.T. day:
02 05
Logarithm of Mercury's motion on G.M.T. day:
1.0614
Logarithm of interval:
1.0280
Logarithm of Mercury's travel during interval:
2.0894
Value of log. 2.0894, or increment of correction, 0 degrees, 12
minutes.
Deg. Min.
Longitude of Mercury on noon nearest G.M.T.:
Leo 07 17
Increment of correction:
00 12
Mercury's long. to be entered in horoscope:
Leo 07 29
The position of the Dragon's Head, or Moon's Node, and the Dragon's Tail, have now to be found. The longitude of the Dragon's Head for Aug. 2nd, the noon nearest to the G.M.T., is found in the ephemeris to be 13.47 Gemini. The Dragon's Tail occupies the opposite point, namely 13,4 7 Sagittarius. These points are to be entered in the horoscope.
There remains yet another factor to complete the horoscope: the Part of Fortune.
This is an imaginary point calculated from the longitude of the Sun, Moon, and Ascendant. The philosophy is, that the human body is produced by the lunar forces. At the time of conception the Moon may be mathematically demonstrated to have been in the degree which is the Ascendant at birth-at birth it has a different longitude. In one of these positions the Moon may be said to have magnetized the positive pole, in the other the negative pole of the seed atom which as a magnet draws to itself the chemical substance that builds the dense body. The solar forces vitalize the body and, as it is constantly decaying, a pabulum is necessary to repair waste. That nutriment and all material possessions, are therefore, astrologically speaking, derived through the combined influences of the Sum and the before-mentioned two positions of the Moon. When the planetary aspects to this Part of Fortune are favorable material success and prosperity follow. When adverse influences center upon it, reverses are met. The nature of the aspecting planet, the sign and house it is in tell the sources whence we may expect one or the other, and thus show us where to direct our energies or what to avoid.
The Signs of the Zodiac are counted from Aries which is the first sign, and each is 41
Aries:
1
Libra:
7
Taurus:
2
Scorpio:
8
Gemini:
3
Sagittarius:
9
Cancer:
4
Capricorn:
10
Leo:
5
Aquarius:
11
Virgo:
6
Pisces:
12
To find the Part of Fortune:
Add to the longitude of the Ascendant: sign, degree and minute, the longitude of the Moon: sign, degree and minute:
From that sum subtract the longitude of the Sun: sign, degree and minute: The remainder is the longitude: sign, degree and minute of the Part of Fortune.
Applying this rule to the horoscope we are calculating, we note the factors involved in the calculation as follows:
Deg. Min.
Longitude of the Ascendant:
Virgo (6th sign) 18 56
Longitude of the Sun:
Leo (5th sign) 09 36
Longitude of the Moon:
Aquarius (11th sign) 19 18
We then follow the rule and add--
Sign Deg. Min.
Longitude of the Moon:
11 19 18
Longitude of the Ascendant:
06 18 56
18 08 14
Subtract--
Longitude of the Sun:
05 09 36
Longitude of the Part of Fortune:
12 28 38
The twelfth sign is Pisces, hence the longitude of the Part of Fortune in the horoscope will be Pisces 28:38.
In the above example the student will notice that when adding the degrees of the Moon and Ascendant: 19+18+the 1 degree carried in the addition of the minutes equals 38, but there are only 30 degrees in a sign, so one sign was carried forward and added to the other signs, the same as we add 60 minutes to degrees or hours.
If, after subtracting the longitude of the Sun there are more than 12 signs left, we subtract the circle of 12 and work with the remainder.
42
It also happens that the signs of the Sun's longitude exceed the combined longitudes of the Moon and Ascendant, so that it is impossible to perform the subtraction. For instance, if the--
Sign Deg. Min.
Longitude of Ascendant:
Aries 01 25 55
Longitude of the Moon:
Aries 01 25 50
03 21 45
If the Sun is in Capricorn, the 10th sign, we cannot subtract 10 from 3 so we Add the circle of 12 signs:
12 00 00
15 21 45
Then we may subtract--
Longitude of the Sun:
10 29 55
04 21 50
Longitude of Part of Fortune:
Cancer 00 21 50
In the foregoing subtraction of 55 minutes from 45 we borrowed 1 degree, 60
minutes, added that to the 45 minutes, and from their sum, 105 minutes, we subtracted 55, leaving 50 minutes.
To subtract 29 degrees from 20 left after borrowing 1 degree for subtracting the minutes, is impossible, so we borrow one sign from the 15. That 30 degrees we add to the 20, which makes 50. From that 50 degrees we subtract 29, leaving 21
degrees. Of the 15 signs, we have borrowed 1, leaving 14, and 10 from 14 leaves 4. The fourth sign is Cancer 21:50.
We will now make a list of the longitudes of the planets as we have figured them, prior to placing them in the horoscope:
Deg. Min.
Longitude of the Sun:
Leo 09 36
Longitude of the Moon:
Aquarius 19 18
Long. of Neptune (noon Aug. 2):
Cancer 17 42
Long. of Uranus (noon Aug. 2):
Capricorn 18 15R
Long. of Saturn (noon Aug. 2):
Aries 23 13
Long. of Jupiter (noon Aug. 2):
Virgo 15 10
Longitude of Mars:
Aries 03 58
Longitude of Venus:
Virgo 05 16
Longitude of Mercury:
Leo 07 29
Longitude of Part of Fortune:
Pisces 28 38
Longitude of Dragon's Head:
Gemini 13 47
Longitude of Dragon's Tail:
Sagittarius 13 47
The planets may now be placed in the horoscope.
In placing the planets the student should particular regard to two points: First--That the planets are placed in their proper houses and order. The signs and degrees of the zodiac go in the direction shown by the arrows; consequently, 43
starting from Aries 0 (which must be in the Seventh House, as Aries 14 is on the cusp of the Eighth House) we note that Mars is is Aries 3:58; consequently we place him in the Seventh House close to the cusp of the Eighth. As Aries 14 is on the cusp of line which marks the entrance of to the Eighth House, and Saturn is Aries 23:13, we place him in the Eighth House just above the cusp. Thus both planets are in their proper relation to one another and to the houses, and they are so placed that in reading we can make mistake as to the sign they are in. If Mars had been placed lower down in the Seventh House, at a cursory glance he might even seem to be in Pisces, and Saturn, placed further up in the Eighth, might appear to be in
Taurus. That would cause an error in reading which a little care will obviate. If the student observes carefully the method used in placing the planets in this horoscope there will never be any doubt as to the signs the planets are occupying.
Second--The positions of the planets should be readable without the necessity of turning and twisting the horoscope, which is subversive of proper concentration. If planets in the Third, Fourth, Ninth and Tenth Houses are written as we have inscribed Neptune and Uranus, this inconvenience will be overcome.
The horoscope has now been cast and is complete. Most astrologers now start to read, but to do this work thoroughly it is necessary to make an index such as will be found in a later chapter. In order to make the student thoroughly conversant with the manner of casting a horoscope we will first complete the figure cast in part for Aug. 2, 8:15 P.M., for that horoscope offers certain peculiarities worthy of illustration.
44
To find the G.M.T. we add to the True Local Time of Birth, 08 23 P.M.
Aug. 2:
4 min. for each of the 88 degrees longitude, birthplace is west 05 52
of Greenwich:
G.M.T., August 3rd:
02 15 A.M.
Here is an important point. When we add 5 hours and 52 minutes to 8 P.M., we bring the G.M.T. into the following day; at the identical time when the child was born and the Chicago clocks pointed to 15 minutes past 8 on the evening of August 2nd, the Observatory clock at Greenwich showed 15 minutes past 2 on the morning of August 3rd. Thus the noon of August 3rd is nearest the G.M.T.. and the interval between G.M.T. (2:15 A.M.) and nearest noon is therefore 9 hours, 45
minutes, the logarithm of interval being .3912.
We have now performed the operations prescribed in Sections One and Two of our rule and we will next find the motion of the Sun on the G.M.T. day as directed by Section Three:
Deg. Min.
Long. of Sun on noon after G.M.T. (Aug. 3):
Leo 10 28
Long. of Sun on noon before G.M.T. (Aug. 2):
Leo 09 31
Sun's motion on the G.M.T. day:
00 57
Log. of Sun's motion on G.M.T. day
1.4025
Logarithm of interval:
.3912
Log. of Sun's travel during interval:
1.7937
Deg. Min.
Value of logarithm 1,7937 (increment of correction) 0
degrees, 23 minutes
Long. of Sun on noon nearest G.M.T:
Leo 10 28
Minus increment of correction:
00 23
Long. of Sun at G.M.T:
Leo 10 05
This position may be entered in the horoscope.
In he last horoscope we added the increment of correction to the longitude of each planet because the G.M.T. was after noon. Here the G.M.T. is before noon hence we subtract the increment of correction from the longitude of each planet on the nearest noon to G.M.T. as directed by the rule Section Six (b).
Deg. Min.
Long. of Moon on noon after G.M.T:
Pisces 02 39
Long. of Moon on noon before G.M.T.:
Aquarius 17 55
Motion of Moon on G.M.T. day:
14 44
Logarithm of Moon's motion:
.2119
Logarithm of interval:
.3912
45
Log. of Moon's motion during interval:
.6031
Deg. Min.
Value of logarithm .6031 (increment of correction) 5
degrees, 59 minutes. :
Long. of Moon on noon nearest G.M.T. (Aug.3):
Pisces 02 39
Minus increment of correction:
05 59
Longitude of Moon at G.M.T. :
Aquarius 26 40
As in the first horoscope we calculated, so in this we may pass Neptune, Uranus, and Saturn without correcting, and enter the longitude of each for the noon nearest G.M.T. in the horoscope. Mars' motion is 15 minutes on the G.M.T. day and his motion during the interval of 9 hours, 45 minutes would therefore be about 6 minutes. Subtracting 6 minutes from Mars' longitude on Aug. 3rd (the noon nearest G.M.T.), Mars' position in the horoscope will be Aries 4:06. Similarly Jupiter requires a correction of 4 minutes making his position Virgo 15.17.
Longitude of Venus on noon after G.M.T. (Aug 3): Virgo 06 21
Longitude of Venus on noon before G.M.T. (Aug. 2):
Virgo 05 09
Motion of Venus on G.M.T. day:
01 12
Logarithm of Venus' motion on G.M.T. day:
1.3010
Logarithm of interval:
.3912
Logarithm of Venus' travel during interval:
1.6922
Deg. Min.
Value of logarithm 1.6922 (increment of correction ) 0 Virgo 06 21
degrees, 29 minutes. Long. of Venus on noon nearest G.M.T. :
Minus increment of correction:
00 29
Long. of Venus to be entered in horoscope:
Virgo 05 52
Mercury is the last of the planets we have to calculate.
Deg. Min.
Longitude of Mercury on noon after G.M.T. (Aug. 3):
Leo 09 22
Longitude of Mercury on noon before G.M.T. (Aug. 2):
Leo 07 17
Motion of Mercury of G.M.T. day:
02 05
Log. of Mercury's travel on G.M.T. day:
1.0614
Logarithm of interval:
.3912
Log. of Mercury's motion during interval:
1.4526
Deg. Min.
Value of logarithm 1.4526 (increment of correction) 0 degrees, Leo 09 22
51 minutes. Longitude of Mercury on noon nearest G.M.T.
(Aug. 3):
Minus increment of correction:
00 51
Longitude of Mercury to be entered in horoscope:
Leo 08 31
The position of the Dragon's Head or Moon's Node, and the Dragon's Tail, have 46
also to be found. The Dragon's Head for Aug 3rd, the noon nearest the G.M.T., is found in the ephemeris to be in 13:44 Gemini. The Dragon's Tail occupies the opposite point of 13:44 Sagittarius.
It now remains to calculate the Part of Fortune, and we note the factors in that problem as being:
Deg. Min.
Ascendant, the 12th sign:
Pisces 07 08
Longitude of Sun, the 5th sign:
Leo 10 05
Longitude of Moon, the 11th sign:
Aquarius 26 40
We proceed according to the rule given:
Sign Deg. Min.
Longitude of Ascendant:
12 07 08
Longitude of Moon:
11 26 40
24 03 48
Minus:
Longitude of Sun:
05 10 05
18 23 43
Subtract the circle of 12 signs:
12 00 00
06 23 43
Longitude of the Part of Fortune:
Virgo 23 43
We will now make a list of the planets as corrected for insertion in the horoscope: 47
