2000
Aspects
Study Study
(N) (300) (400)
Total 100.0 100.0
% of those who had intimate relationships1
66.7
56.8
% cohabitating2
50.3
47.3
% in other intimate relationships3
27.0
18.0
(N) (200) (227)
All who shared intimate relationships without being
paid
% who did not use condom
79.0
48.0
(N) (151) (189)
Cohabitating
% who did not use condom
76.2
41.0
(N) (200) (227)
Others
% who did not use condom
72.8
12.5
1 Referred to a sexual relation with people than clients, such
as husband, partner, boyfriend or fried.
2 Married or cohabitating.
3 Boyfriend, friend.
136
TABLE 16
COSTA RICA: COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS, CONDOM USE WITH REGULAR CLIENTS
1997
2000
Condom use
Study
Study
(N)
(300)
(400)
Total
100.0
100.0
% of those who ever used condoms
98.3
99.8
(N)
(295)
(399)
Total
100.0
100.0
Do you use condoms currently?
Yes
99.0
99.5
No
1.0
0.5
How frequent?
Always
66.1
86.4
Almost always
21.7
8.6
Sometimes
9.5
4.8
Almost never
2.7
0.3
Who decides to use it?
She
86.1
89.9
Client
5.8
3.5
Both
3.4
4.0
Sometimes him, sometimes her
4.7
2.5
Do you use condom to prevent STIś?
Yes, spontaneous
93.5
92.4
Yes, with support
5.8
6.5
No
0.7
1.0
Do you use condom to prevent AIDS?
Yes, spontaneous
71.2
82.9
Yes, with support
26.4
16.1
No
2.4
1.0
Do you use condom for hygienic reason?
Yes, spontaneous
17.3
20.5
Yes, with support
78.0
74.2
No
4.7
5.3
Do you use condom to prevent pregnancies?
Yes, spontaneous
38.1
25.7
Yes, with support
23.1
26.2
No
38.8
48.1
137
TABLE 17
COSTA RICA: COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS, CONDOM USE WITH CURRENT PARTNER
1997
2000
Condom use
Study
Study
(N)
(300)
(400)
Total
100.0
100.0
% who has a partner
42.4
28.5
(N)
(125)
(114)
Total
100.0
100.0
Do you use condoms with current partner?
Yes
17.6
14.2
No
82.4
85.8
How frequent?
Always
9.6
7.6
Almost always
3.2
2.7
Sometimes
3.2
1.8
Almost never
1.6
1.8
Do not use it
82.4
85.8
Who decides to use it?
She
63.6
56.3
partner
---
6.3
Both
36.4
37.5
Do you use condom to prevent STIś?
Yes, spontaneous
11.2
10.7
Yes, with support
3.2
3.6
No
3.2
0.0
Do not use it
82.4
85.8
Do you use condom to prevent AIDS?
Yes, spontaneous
9.6
7.6
Yes, with support
4.8
5.3
No
3.2
0.9
Do not use it
82.4
85.8
Do you use condom for hygienic reason?
Yes, spontaneous
4.8
3.6
Yes, with support
10.4
8.0
No
20.4
25.7
Do not use it
82.4
85.8
Do you use condom to prevent pregnancies?
Yes, spontaneous
7.2
8.0
Yes, with support
4.8
1.8
No
5.6
4.4
Do not use it
82.4
85.8
138
TABLE 18
COSTA RICA: COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS, OBSTACLES TO SAFE SEX
1997
2000
Obstacles
Study Study
(N) (300)
(400)
Total 100.0
100.0
Do you feel or would you feel embarrassed to by
condoms?
18.3
17.5
Feel or would feel shame
2.7
1.6
Sometimes
77.6
70.5
Does not feel shame
1.4
10.5
Does not buy them
Do condoms decrease sexual pleasure?
Yes, it does
41.0
39.8
Sometimes yes, sometimes not
44.0
3.3
Does not decrease it
2.3
47.0
Does not matter, only uses it
12.7
10.0
Broken condoms to partner or himself during last 12
months
19.3
60.3
0
11.9
13.5
1
10.2
10.8
2
8.8
5.8
3-4
8.5
5.8
5-9
1.2
4.0
10 and more
Average general1
2.3
1.3
Summary of broken condoms
Average
4.5
3.2
Mode
1.0
1.0
Median
3.0
2.0
Circumstances to drop condoms
1. If alcohol is consumed
7.1
4.8
2. If person is known
22.7
16.0
3. If has sex with partner
66.4
60.7
4. If other does not ejaculate inside
18.1
12.3
5. If he penetrates without ejaculating inside
12.1
9.5
6. If practices oral sex
14.8
9.8
7. If practices masturbation
---
20.5
1 All resume measurements were calculated using gross values of variables.
TABLE 19
139
COSTA RICA: COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS, CORRECT CONDON USE
1997
2000
Correct use
Study Study
(N) (300) (400)
% who participated in exercise
99.0
93.8
(N) (297) (375)
Evaluated aspects
1. Broke envelop with teeth
---
26.7
2. Broke envelop with sharp object
---
0.3
3. Broke envelop with finger on corner
69.7
60.2
4. Check expiration date
---
2.9
5. Check for air bubbles
---
24.8
6. Squeezed rip of condom extract air
57.6
28.0
7. Unrolled condom with fingers until base of
93.2
71.0
dildo
70.4
28.7
8. Put lubricant on condom / rectum
85.5
53.0
9. With drew condom while holding ring
Correct use 1 (3+6+7)
Correct use 2 (3+6+7+9)
49.2
18.5
Correct use 3 (3+6+7+8+9)
46.1
11.4
Correct use 4 (1a+2b+3)
31.3
4.0
Correct use 5 (1a+2b +3+4+7+9)
---
51.3
Correct use 6 (1a+2b +3+4+7+8+9)
---
2.0
Correct use 7 (1a+2b +3+4+5+6+7+8+9)
---
0.8
Note: To estimate the correct use of condom it was verified
that each interviewed executes accurately the evaluated
items.
a.
Because this variable is evaluated in a positive way in
the questionnaire, to include it in the index we use its
complementary value.
b.
Because this variable is evaluated in a positive way in
the questionnaire, to include it in the index we use its
complementary value.
140
TABLE 20
COSTA RICA: COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS, FEMALE CONDOM
1997
2000
Aspects
Study Study
(N) (300) (400)
Have you heard of female condom?
81.0
80.8
Have you ever used it?
27.0
44.1
Do you currently use it?
7.4
42.1
141
TABLE 21
COSTA RICA: STIś AND HIV INFECTIONS ACCORDING TO SEX AND REGION
FIRST 26 WEEKS, 2004
HIV infections
STIś infections
Region
Male
Female Total
Male
Female
Total
Metropolitan Area
8
6
14
107
111 218
North Central
18
8
26
130
70 200
South Central
2
3
5
40
19
59
Chorotega Region
5
3
8
55
32
87
Huetar Atlántica Region
0
1
1
94
36 130
Huetar Northern Region
0
1
1
16
19
35
Total
33
22
55
442
287 729
Source: Programa de Análisis y Vigilancia Epiodemiológica.
Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social. Date: September 2004.
142
Graph 4
Costa Rica: STÌs and HIV Infections according to sex and region
First 26 weeks, 2004
19
Región Huetar Norte
Femenino
16
Masculino
36
Región Huetar Atlántica
94
32
Región Chorotega
55
19
Región Central Sur
40
70
Región Central Norte
130
111
Región Metropolitana
107
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Cantidad
TABLE 22