Vacuum and Material
Democritus’ as well as Newton’s views on atoms were based on the fundamental distinction between material and “vacuum” space. As far as general relativity is concerned, this distinction is abolished. Where there is a body with great mass, there will necessarily be a gravitational field. This gravitational field is expressed as the courtesy of the space that encloses this body. However, we should not believe that the field “fills” the space up and forces it to become curved. There is no distinction between these two meanings: The field is the curved space. In general relativity, the gravitational field and the structure or the geometry of the space are identified with each other. They are expressed by the same mathematical quantity in Einstein’s field equations. Einstein says: “We are obliged to see the material as a synthesis of the areas of the space, where the field displays a special intensity. In this new type of physics there is no place for field and material. The mere reality is the field.” The discovery that the mass is nothing more than a form of energy, made us radically reform our views on particles. In contemporary physics, the mass is no longer connected to the material substance, and, as a result, the particles are no longer considered as fundamental components of material, but as concentrations of energy.
The particles should not be depicted as stable three dimensional objects, as uncountable tiny balls or grains of sand, but as four dimensional beings of space - time. From the aspect of space, they look as objects that have got some mass, while from the aspect of time, they look more as evolutionary processes that request the corresponding act for their realization. The theory of quanta proved that the particles are not isolated grains of material, but models of possibilities, bonds of a non separated cosmic grid. The field theory, which is proposed by the contemporary physics, obliges us to abandon the classical distinction between space and material, since it has been proved that the elementary particles can be born spontaneously from vacuum, without the presence of nucleon or any other strong particle. The vacuum is not a vacuum! On the contrary, it encloses an unlimited number of particles that are created and then vanish constantly. In reality, vacuum is absolutely alive! Most of the contemporary physists believe that the discovery of the dynamic character of vacuum is the most important in the history of science. Vacuum was no more a passive and neutral frame of the acting of the physical phenomena and was recognized as a dynamic situation of great importance. “When we are healthy, we do not understand the different parts of our body, but we realize our body as an unseparated total. This understanding creates the feeling of healthiness and joy.”
Key Elements And Principles
Material = Energy
Material and Energy interchange with each other and we cannot separate them. The energy can become material and vice versa. The energy becomes material only when we observe it. The particles can be reported as material or waves. They can behave as particles (they can be defined in space) at one time and as waves in space at another, where it is impossible for them to be defined.
What we realize as dense and impervious material is actually vacuum. We are talking about large electron fields with little material (compact energy) at their centre. Basically, we live in a universe that is created by “objects” that are actually 99% vacuum. The sense of material arises from the move of the electrons around the atomic nucleus.
Accordingly the following applies: if the atomic nucleus has the size of a basketball, then the space occupied by the atom (with the electrons roaming) has a diameter of 22 kilometers!! Namely, let’s think that even a nut consists of atoms. Imagine how far we are from its centre…
It is very important to understand that when we say “great density” we mean “less distance of the electrons from their nucleus”. For example: One cubic centimeter of material near a black hole weighs 10 million tons. The rarity of the material here on Earth is immediately perceived…