The empirical weighting of theory according to positivism, leads automatically to an instrumental conception of science. Science, in this way is understood as a useful toolbox that can be applied equally well to a variety of cases. The emphasis on the instrumental and hence neutral role of science conceals a politically conservative and anachronistic position, which stands for the superiority of science in regards to other forms of knowledge and legitimizes the recycling to a dominant position of professional and institutional organs of specialists of science, propelling in the process the ideology of the ruling class and its own interests. The instrumentalist view of science is founded on the ideological investment of mature rationalism, which aims at the achievement of targets and at an increase of power, within the framework of a bourgeois culture and its mechanism of capitalist management, and not at the creation of values that would seek the enlargement of human solidarity, of inter-subjective conscience and mutual understanding.
But even, which is the objective criteria with which we shall evaluate the supremacy of scientific knowledge against the other forms of knowledge? Whatever criterion we might use, it will itself be critically dependent on the knowledge claims that give meaning to it; as of this, there are no objective and value-neutral criteria for evaluating any form of knowledge. Any attempt at defending the supremacy of a certain form of knowledge is masking the will to power and authority. The diversification of forms of knowledge and the language forms that designate them, is not of an ontological nature, but of an analytic one; and this is said upon, because all forms of knowledge and the specific types of language that typify them are symbolic constructions-classifications and not objective facts of the natural world. Any form of knowledge and language amounts to a distinct way of examining the world and has its own self-referential structure, its own internal logic. The criteria of diversification are the purpose that these forms are aiming to achieve and the means they go by in doing that. Additionally, a point worth stressing is that the predominance of the scientific model results in the downgrade to the level of non-truth of all other possible ways of knowledge, except the ones that are in agreement with the method of science. Method is the intellectual and experimental convention that a subject applies to a certain object, thus producing an outcome that is valued as being true. Aesthetic conscience and art for instance, have the freedom of not being classified under a status of true-or-false, and so their ensuing judgments cannot be refuted or repudiated. These judgments however, are binding for the persons that participate in their life-world, and more importantly, these judgments do not carry any intentionality. In art, the subject is shaping the object and retrospectively is being shaped by the object. In this way, the sense of relation is a constructive element of the ontology of art and aesthetics, but also, of the modern ontology of science.
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