[1] Cho Kyuik, Kagokch’angsaui kungmunhakchok ponjil (The essence of the kagok-ch’ang song lyric in the Korean literature tradition) (Seoul: Chimmundang, 1994), pp. 19-77.◀◀
[2] For a discussion of the various theories, see So Wonpyon, Han'guk kasaui munhakchok yon'gu (A literary study of Korean kasa) (Seoul: Hyongsol ch’ulp’ansa, 1995), pp.33-38; and Cho Tongil, “Kasaui changnu kyujong” (Defining the kasa genre), Omunhak 21 ho (1969), p. 85.◀◀
[3] Pak Yongju, Chong Ch’ol P’yongjon (A Critical Biography of Chong Ch’ol), (Seoul: Chungang M&B), 1999, p. 51◀◀
[4] Chong Pyong’uk, Han'guk kojonui chaeinshik, (Seoul: Sasongshinso), 1979, pp. 339-348◀◀
[5] Kwanghan chon is the palace on the moon; here the reference is to the royal palace in Seoul.◀◀
[6] The peacock screen in Shu China had the power to bewitch a man into marriage.◀◀
[7] An A-frame carrier.◀◀
[8] The royal palace.◀◀
[9] Two rivers in China.◀◀
[10] The royal palace.◀◀
[11] A famous physician from the Warring Dynasties in China.◀◀
[12] The term used here ‘kangho’ refers to a district in China with three rivers and five lakes found in a poem by Tu Fu; it describes the secluded world of someone who has retired from public life.◀◀
[13] Kwandong is the ancient eastern province, stretching from Yoju to the East Coast. From Seoul to P’yonghae at the far end of Kangwon Province was 800 li.◀◀
[14] Yonch’u mun, west gate, Kyongbok Palace.◀◀
[15] Kyonghoe mun, the gate south of Kyonghoe Pavilion in Kyongbok Palace.◀◀
[16] Symbol of office given by the king to the new appointee.◀◀
[17] Literally flat-hill posthouse, some 20 miles east of Yangju. The road forked here, one road going to Ch’unch’on, the other going to Wonju.◀◀
[18] Som kang, a river in Yoju.◀◀
[19] A tributary of the Han river southwest of Wonju.◀◀
[20] Ch’iak san near Wonju.◀◀
[21] Samgak san, literally triangle or three horn mountain; here it refers to Kun’gye’s capital. Kun’gye set up the short-lived kingdom of Later Koguryo.◀◀
[22] Famed governor of Hoeyang in Han China. Hoeyang was also an old name for Ch’orwon.◀◀
[23] Paekch’ondong, north-east of Changan-sa Temple, where Ma Ui, the last prince of Shilla, was said to have retired.◀◀
[24] Manp’oktong, the valley stretching below P’yohun-sa Temple.◀◀
[25] Kumgang tae, a high terrace north of P’yohun-sa Temple.◀◀
[26] West Lake was a famed beauty spot in China. Lin Bu of Song lived there; he loved the crane as a son and the plum as a wife.◀◀
[27] So hyangno and Tae hyangno, two peaks at the entrance to Manp’oktong.◀◀
[28] Chinhol Terrace is a high terrace at the back of Chongyang-sa Temple.◀◀
[29] Mountain in China famous for its beauty. The quotation is from Su Dongpo.◀◀
[30] Mango tae, a high cliff.◀◀
[31] Hyolmang pong, literally hole-view-peak, has an aperture half way up.◀◀
[32] Kaeshim Terrace, above Chongyang-sa Temple.◀◀
[33] Chunghyang Fortress, a white cliff face, looks like a folding screen.◀◀
[34] Piro pong is the highest peak in the Diamond Mountains.◀◀
[35] Two mountains in China. Mencius writes that when Confucius climbed East Mountain he thought the Kingdom of Lu was small; and when he climbed Grand Mountain, he thought the whole world was small.◀◀
[36] Saja Peak takes its name from a rock on the cliff face shaped like a lion. It lies north of the Dragon’s Firepot.◀◀
[37] Not the Wont’ong outside Injae. This Wont’ong Valley is in North Korea.◀◀
[38] The reference is to a sweet rain, a metaphor for good government, in a poem by the Chinese poet Su Shi.◀◀
[39] Maha yon, the deepest gorge in Manp’okdong, site of a temple built by the great Shilla monk, Uisang.◀◀
[40] A beautiful rock carving of Maitreya close to Maha Gorge.◀◀
[41] Anmun jae (Goose Gate Hill), between Maha Gorge and Yujom-sa Temple.◀◀
[42] Pulchong Terrace.◀◀
[43] Sansudo kyong, a book on natural features of the landscape.◀◀
[44] Sanyong nu (Mountain Glow Pagoda), the gate pavilion to Yujom-sa Temple.◀◀
[45] Kumnan kul, a cave in a high cliff by the sea.◀◀
[46] Ch’ongsok Pagoda, one of the eight sights of Kwandong, a series of columns rising from the sea, four of which supported the pagoda.◀◀
[47] Paegok Pavilion, where the jade emperor lived. The reference is to a Li Bai poem.◀◀
[48] On the hill north of Samilp’o, six Chinese characters are carved into the rock: “The men of Yongnang are going south.”◀◀
[49] The four Immortals are fouy Shilla hwarang who reputedly took a pleasure trip to Samilp’o.◀◀
[50] Sonyu Pool, south of Kansong.◀◀
[51] Yongnang Lake, south of Kansong.◀◀
[52] Ch’onggan Pavilion, south of Kansong.◀◀
[53] Man’gyong Terrace, east of Chonggang Pavilion.◀◀
[54] Terrace overlooking the sea at Naksan-sa Temple.◀◀
[55] The reference is to Li Bai.◀◀
[56] Hyonsan, in the north of Yongyang County.◀◀
[57] Kangmun kyo, a wooden bridge at the eastern entrance to Kyongp’o, the beach near Kangnung.◀◀
[58] The reference is to the love affair between Pak Shin, a royal inspector, and Hongjang a well-known Kangnung kisaeng.◀◀
[59] Chukso Pavilion, situated on a cliff south of Chinju (Pearl) Posthouse. One of the eight sights of Kwandong.◀◀
[60] Chinju Posthouse, in Samch’ok. Chinju was on old name for Samch’ok.◀◀
[61] The T’aebaek mountains are the backbone of Korea.◀◀
[62] Tanhyol, a cave in Kosong County visited by the four hwarang Immortals.◀◀
[63] Mangyang Pavilion in P’yonghae County is one of the eights sights of Kwandong.◀◀
[64] Reference to a poem by Su Dongpo (1037-1101)◀◀
[65] A Taoist scripture composed by Lao Zi. An Immortal is said to have misread a character in the Book of the Yellow Court in the presence of the Jade Emperor and to have been banished to earth as a result.◀◀
[66] The section in brackets is found only in the Hyopryul taesong text; it is not in the Songjubon or the Isonbon.◀◀
[67] Soha tang and Shig’yong chong, a house and pavilion on Mount Star built by Kim Songwon. He presented the pavilion to his father-in-law Im Okryong.◀◀
[68] A reference perhaps to Sosok(Auspicious Stone) Terrace on Mudung Mountain, near Kwangju.◀◀
[69] Chiknyo and Kyonu, the legendary ill-starred lovers (Altair and Vega) who got together once a year. Chiknyo’s weave is the Milky Way.◀◀
[70] The Blue Gate was the south-east gate of Zhangan. The story is told that after the fall of Qin, Shao Ping put on hemp and lived in poverty raising cucumbers on the east side of Zhangan. The cucumbers were arrayed in five colors, very beautiful to see. The people called them the Blue Gate fruit.◀◀
[71] The screen is a cliff.◀◀
[72] A legendary Chinese king, Fu Xi (Pokhui in Korean). The pillow is a symbol of peaceful times.◀◀
[73] Famous Song dynasty Neo-Confucian philosopher.◀◀
[74] Hwanbyok tang (Blue Ring Hall) was built by Kim Yunche on a hill overlooking Ch’anggye Stream opposite Mount Star. Kim Yunche was Chong Ch’ol’s wife’s maternal grandfather. He dreamed a dragon dream, met the youthful Chong Ch’ol, educated him and arranged the marriage. His house was one of the great literary salons of the area.◀◀
[75] Ch'usok, the Harvest Moon Festival.◀◀
[76] The king asked Xu You, his most honest retainer, to accept the kingdom. Horrified, Xu You washed his ears and fled. He lived in seclusion on Mount Ji.◀◀
[77] Someone gave Xu You a gourd to drink water. Xu You threw it away because it made too much noise hanging in the wind.◀◀