FM 3-35 (FMI 3-35 and FM 4-01.011)
April 2010
Army Deployment and Redeployment
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Headquarters, Department of the Army
This publication is available at
Army Knowledge Online (www.us.army.mil) and
General Dennis J. Reimer Training and Doctrine
Digital Library at (http://www.train.army.mil).
*FM 3-35 (FMI 3-35 and FM 4-01.011)
Field Manual
Headquarters
No. 3-35 (4-01.011)
Department of the Army
Washington, DC, 21 April 2010
Army Deployment and Redeployment
Contents
Page
PREFACE
.............................................................................................................
iv
Chapter 1
OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................ 1-1
Force Projection ................................................................................................. 1-1
Deployment ........................................................................................................ 1-1
Operational Environment .................................................................................... 1-5
Army Force Generation ...................................................................................... 1-5
Chapter 2
PREDEPLOYMENT ........................................................................................... 2-1
Planning .............................................................................................................. 2-1
Training ............................................................................................................... 2-4
Initial Notification Activities ................................................................................. 2-6
Chapter 3
MOVEMENT ....................................................................................................... 3-1
Movement to the POE ........................................................................................ 3-1
Activities at the POE ........................................................................................... 3-3
Movement to the POD ........................................................................................ 3-6
Chapter 4
RSOI ................................................................................................................... 4-1
Overview ............................................................................................................. 4-1
Port Opening ...................................................................................................... 4-5
Reception ........................................................................................................... 4-6
Staging................................................................................................................ 4-8
Onward Movement ........................................................................................... 4-11
Integration ......................................................................................................... 4-12
Chapter 5
REDEPLOYMENT .............................................................................................. 5-1
Overview ............................................................................................................. 5-1
Movement ........................................................................................................... 5-2
Movement to POD .............................................................................................. 5-4
Movement to Home or Demobilization Station ................................................... 5-4
Closure Reporting............................................................................................... 5-5
Distribution Restriction: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
*This publication supersedes FMI 3-35, 15 June 2007 and FM 4-01.011, 31 October 2002.
i
Contents
Appendix A
DEPLOYMENT PROCESS ............................................................................... A-1
Appendix B
AUTOMATED MOBILITY SYSTEMS ............................................................... B-1
Appendix C
RESPONSIBILITIES .......................................................................................... C-1
Appendix D
UNIT MOVEMENT OFFICER ............................................................................ D-1
Appendix E
MOBILITY OFFICER ......................................................................................... E-1
Appendix F
INSTALLATION SUPPORT ............................................................................... F-1
Appendix G
A/DACG OPERATIONS .................................................................................... G-1
Appendix H
UNIT MOVEMENT PLAN .................................................................................. H-1
Appendix I
SPECIAL CARGO ............................................................................................... I-1
Appendix J
AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY .............................................. J-1
Appendix K
SECURITY ......................................................................................................... K-1
Appendix L
SENIOR COMMANDERS ROLE IN DEPLOYMENT ......................................... L-1
GLOSSARY
.......................................................................................... Glossary-1
REFERENCES
.................................................................................. References-1
INDEX
.........................................................................................................
Index-1
Figures
Figure 1-1. ARFORGEN model. ............................................................................................ 1-5
Figure 3-1. Notional SPOE .................................................................................................... 3-3
Figure 3-2. Notional APOE .................................................................................................... 3-5
Figure 4-1. Theater with multiple ports and ISBs ................................................................... 4-9
Figure A-1. TC-AIMS II deployment process ......................................................................... A-4
Figure F-1. Installation deployment processing site .............................................................. F-2
Figure G-1. Notional APOE .................................................................................................... G-3
Figure G-2. Notional APOD ................................................................................................... G-6
Figure J-1. RFID/ITV data collection ....................................................................................... J-2
Figure J-2. AIT/RFID tags ....................................................................................................... J-3
Figure J-3. Fixed interrogator .................................................................................................. J-3
Figure J-4. Portable deployment kit (PDK) ............................................................................. J-3
Figure J-5. Handheld interrogator/reader ............................................................................... J-4
Figure J-6. Notional installation AIT laydown .......................................................................... J-5
Figure J-7. Notional APOE/APOD AIT laydown ..................................................................... J-6
Figure J-8. Notional SPOE/SPOD AIT laydown ..................................................................... J-8
Figure J-9. Vehicle marking .................................................................................................. J-10
Figure J-10. Container marking ............................................................................................ J-10
Figure J-11. Pallet marking ................................................................................................... J-11
ii
FM 3-35
21 April 2010
Contents
Tables
Table A-1. TC-AIMS II task-user matrix .................................................................................A-6
Table D-1. Functional reference list ...................................................................................... D-2
Table G-1. Minimum essential personnel for A/DACG (Per Shift) ........................................ G-3
Table G-2. Minimum essential equipment for A/DACG ......................................................... G-4
Table I-1. Preparing and documenting hazardous materials .................................................. I-2
21 April 2010
FM 3-35
iii
Preface
FM 3-35 is the Army’s authoritative doctrine for planning, organizing, executing, and supporting deployment and redeployment. This manual represents the culmination of our efforts to consolidate all deployment doctrine (FM 100-17, FM 100-17-3, FM 3-35.4, FM 100-17-5, and FM 4-01.011) into a single manual to align Army deployment doctrine with joint deployment doctrine.
FM 3-35 has five chapters and 12 appendices.
•
Chapter 1 presents an overview of force projection and the deployment process.
•
Chapter 2 spells out activities units engage in prior to being alerted for deployment.
•
Chapter 3 outlines the procedures involved in the movement of units from home station to the port of embarkation (POE) and from the POE to the port of debarkation (POD).
•
Chapter 4 details the process of reception, staging, onward movement, and integration (RSOI).
•
Chapter 5 explains redeployment.
New appendices were developed in response to requests from the field. These appendices cover installation support, duties of the Mobility Officer, organization and operation of an arrival/departure airfield control group, unit movement officer (UMO), and unit movement plan, and the influence of senior commanders on deployment.
Joint Publication 3-35 describes the joint process in terms of planning; pre-deployment; movement; and joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration (JRSOI).
PLANNING PREDEPLOYMENT MOVEMENT JRSOI
REDEPLOYMENT
On the other hand, the Army process is defined by the phases of pre-deployment; movement (includes the fort to port and port to port segments); and RSOI. Planning occurs continuously throughout the entire process. In the current operating environment of persistent conflict, the rotation of Army forces is similar to the deployment process described in this manual.
PREDEPLOYMENT MOVEMENT RSOI
REDEPLOYMENT
PLANNING
FM 3-35 applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard (ANG)/Army National Guard of the United States (ARNGUS), and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) unless otherwise stated.
Headquarters, U. S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, is the proponent for this publication. The preparing agency is the Deployment Process Modernization Office. Send comments and recommended changes on a DA Form 2028 ( Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) to Director, Deployment Process Modernization Office, ATTN: ATZL-DP, 2401 Quarters Road, Fort Lee, VA 23801.
21 April 2010
FM 3-35
iv
Chapter 1
Overview
The transformation of the Army was based on an environment characterized by a
wider spectrum of potential contingencies, increased uncertainty, and a more complex range of operational conditions. The situation demanded swift action by the United
States. The Army transformation plan focused on providing the joint force
commander with expeditionary capability with forces organized and equipped to be
modular, versatile, and rapidly deployable with institutions capable of supporting
them. Understanding and applying the deployment process outlined in this manual is
essential to achieving the desired expeditionary characteristics.
FORCE PROJECTION
1-1. Force projection is the military element of national power that systemically and rapidly moves military forces in response to requirements of full spectrum operations. It is a demonstrated ability to alert, mobilize, rapidly deploy, and operate effectively anywhere in the world. The Army, as a key member of the joint team, must be ready for global force projection with an appropriate mix of combat forces together with support and sustainment units. Moreover, the world situation demands that the Army project its power at an unprecedented pace. The flexible and rapidly deployable Army forces with sufficient depth and strength to sustain multiple, simultaneous operations contributes to defusing the crisis.
FORCE PROJECTION PROCESSES
1-2. Force projection encompasses a range of processes including mobilization, deployment, employment, sustainment, and redeployment. These processes have overlapping timelines that are repeated continuously throughout an operation. Each force projection activity influences the other. Deployment, employment, and sustainment are inextricably linked so one cannot be planned successfully without the others. The operational speed and tempo reflect the ability of the deployment pipeline to deliver combat power where and when the joint force commander requires it. A disruption in the deployment will inevitably affect employment. Force projection operations are inherently joint and require detailed planning and synchronization. Decisions made early in the process directly impact the success of the operation.
z
Mobilization is the process by which the Armed Forces or part of them are brought to a state of readiness for war or other national emergency. This includes activating all or part of the Reserve Components as well as assembling and organizing personnel, supplies, and equipment.
z
Deployment is movement of forces to an operational area in response to an order and is the focus of this manual.
z
Employment prescribes how to apply force and/or forces to attain specified national strategic objectives.
z
Sustainment is the provision of logistics, personnel services, and health service support necessary to maintain and prolong operations until successful mission accomplishment.
z
Redeployment involves the return of forces to the home or demobilization station.
DEPLOYMENT
1-3. Deployment is composed of activities required to prepare and move forces, supplies, and equipment to a theater. This involves the force as it task organizes, tailors itself for movement based on the mission, concept of operations, available lift, and other resources.
21 April 2010
FM 3-35
1-1
Chapter 1
1-4. The employment concept is the starting point for deployment planning. Proper planning establishes what, where, and when forces are needed and sets the stage for a successful deployment. Consequently, how the combatant commander (CCDR) intends to employ forces is the basis for orchestrating the deployment structure. All deployment possibilities must be examined as they dramatically influence employment planning. Deployment directly impacts the timing and amount of combat power that can be delivered in order to achieve the CCDR’s desired effects.
ARMY DEPLOYMENT GOALS
1-5. The Army Campaign Plan identifies the Army’s deployment goals as follows—
z
Deploy and employ brigade combat team (BCT) capability in 4-7 days.
z
Deploy and employ 3 BCTs with a division headquarters in 10 days.
z
Deploy and employ 9 BCTs with multi-division headquarters in 20 days.
z
Deploy and employ 15 BCTs with multi-division headquarters in 30 days.
1-6. Supporting metrics are being developed to synchronize these goals with the Army Force Generation (ARFORGEN) model that is discussed later in this chapter.
DEPLOYMENT PRINCIPLES
1-7. Four principles apply to the broad range of activities encompassing deployment—
z
Precision applies to every activity and piece of data. Its effect is far-reaching, and the payoff is speed. For example, precise unit deployment lists (UDLs) ensures that correct lift assets are assigned against the requirement. Precision includes accurate weights, dimensions, and quantities. This degree of precision eases loading requirements and improves departure speed and safety. Precision allows units to meet the CCDR’s timeline and supports the concept of employment.
z
Synchronization. Deployment activities must be synchronized to successfully close the force.
Effective synchronization of scarce lift assets and other resources maximizes their use.
Synchronization normally requires explicit coordination among the deploying units and staffs, supporting units and staffs, a variety of civilian agencies, and other Services. Realistic exercises and demanding training are paramount to successful synchronization.
z
Knowledge. One of the more critical pieces at this stage of deployment is the knowledge upon which decisions are made. There is a short period of time during which the deploying commander must make crucial decisions on employment. These decisions set the tone for the remainder of the deployment. Many decisions are very hard to change and have significant adverse impacts if changed; others are irrevocable.
z
Speed is more than a miles per hour metric. The proper focus is on the velocity of the entire force projection process, from planning to force closure. Critical elements of speed associated with force projection include agile (state-of-the-art) ports, submission of accurate information, safe and efficient loading, trained unit movement personnel at all levels, timely arrival of throughput enablers, maintaining unit integrity, delivering capability rather than entire units, and force tracking information
DEPLOYMENT PHASES
1-8. The Joint deployment process is divided into four phases -- deployment planning; predeployment activities; movement; and JRSOI. The terminology used to describe the Army deployment phases is in synch with the Joint process. The Joint process includes a planning phase at the outset whereas the Army considers planning to be woven through all the phases. Moreover, the movement phase in the Army process is discussed in two segments – fort to port and port to port. The Army relies on U.S. Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) to provide the strategic lift to and from the port of embarkation (POE).
1-2
FM 3-35
21 April 2010
Overview
1-9. Deployments consist of three distinct but interrelated phases. A successful deployment requires implementation of each phase with seamless transitions and interactions among all of them. The phases are not always sequential and could overlap or occur simultaneously.
Predeployment Activities
1-10. An expeditionary Army requires that units are prepared for potential deployments consistent with ARFORGEN model. During predeployment units constantly plan for various contingencies and hone their deployment skills. When units train and exercise their predeployment activities, they become second nature and are accomplished efficiently. Not only should units be trained, personnel must be nearly 100 percent compliant with respect to Soldier readiness processing (SRP), encompassing those administrative, medical, and dental checks required to prepare a Soldier for deployment. This level of readiness and training requires school-trained, dedicated mobility officers, UMOs, hazardous cargo certifiers, and load planners. Their requirements are documented in organizational equipment lists (OEL), UDLs, and loaded into the Transportation Coordinators Automated Information for Movements System II (TC-AIMS II). In addition, units must acquire movement expertise, knowledgeable deployment support teams, joint deployment process improvement tools, and an understanding of the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES) to enable seamless deployment operations.
1-11. Movement requirements developed during deployment planning must be validated prior to deployment execution. Validation confirms the need for the movement requirement, shipment configuration, dimensions, and routing and ensures that all parties, including the chain of command, are cognizant of the requirement. Movement requirements are validated during execution planning by the supported CCDR who validates all joint force movement requirements for USTRANSCOM movement scheduling.
Movement
1-12. Fort-to-Port. The receipt of the Air Mobility Command (AMC) air tasking order and Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC) port call message initiates POE operations and specifies the dates on which units must arrive at the POE. At the installation staging areas unit movement data is verified and equipment is inspected and configured for movement. It is then typically moved to the POEs by convoy or commercial surface transport. The installation coordinates and/or provides support to assist the deploying force by using non-deploying units, installation resources, or contracted support. Support may include load teams, materiel handling equipment (MHE), maintenance teams, arrival/departure airfield control groups (A/DACGs), and deployment support teams. Other support should be identified during deployment exercises and then written into installation deployment support plans. The Mission Support Element is a TDA-augmentation capability used by the mission commander to develop and maintain the deployment support plan.
1-13. Deploying units immediately configure for deployment, reduce/prepare vehicles and aircraft for movement, properly stow and tie down secondary loads, construct 463L pallets, and prepare the required documentation. The sea and air POEs should quickly initiate operations. MHE must be on hand, and procedures previously established for the joint inspection process at the aerial terminal commences. Units begin assembling equipment for air movement and chalks are staged awaiting sortie allocation. The POE
must offer sufficient staging and inclement weather facilities.
1-14. Port-to-Port. USTRANSCOM operates the Defense Transportation Service (DTS) and provides common user strategic transportation to support the CCDR for deployment. The port to port phase begins with strategic lift departures from POEs and ends with lift assets arrival in the designated theater PODs.
Fundamental to the success of the port-to-port movement is the ability of the CCDR to synchronize the arrival of airlift and sealift force packages so that vessels can be brought to a berth or offloaded in-stream with minimal delay. This ensures that cargo can be received and cleared from the port in a timely manner.
21 April 2010
FM 3-35
1-3
Chapter 1
Reception, Staging, Onward Movement, and Integration
1-15. RSOI is the process that delivers combat power to the Joint Force Commander (JFC) in the operational theater. The very nature of seizing the initiative demands expeditious processing of personnel and equipment throughout the deployment pipeline. Consequently, facilities must be available on or near the PODs for personnel reception and equipment staging and preparation (to include refueling). One of the essential requirements at the APOD is adequate parking and operational areas to sustain the required number of aircraft to meet the throughput requirements. RSOI support, whether provided by theater support contracts, external support contracts (primarily the Army Logistics Civil Augmentation Program or LOGCAP), or regionally available commercial host nation support, and/or military assets, must be sufficient to immediately support the arrival of deploying units. Effective RSOI matches personnel with their equipment, minimizes staging and sustainment requirements while transiting the PODs, and begins onward movement as quickly as possible. A plan to accomplish integration and maintain combat readiness must be understood, trained, and ready to implement upon arrival.