FM 3-22.34(FM 23-34)
NOVEMBER 2003
HEADQUARTERS
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
*FM
3-22.34(FM 23-34)
FIELD MANUAL
HEADQUARTERS
NO. 3-22.34(23-34)
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
Washington, DC, 28 November 2003
TOW WEAPON SYSTEM
CONTENTS
Page
Preface................................................................................................................................ iv CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
1-1.
Characteristics........................................................................... 1-1
1-2.
System
Configurations.............................................................. 1-2
1-3.
Missile Configurations and Types ............................................ 1-5
1-4.
TOW Missile Identification...................................................... 1-6
1-5.
Internal Components and Sequence of Operations................... 1-8
1-6.
TOW
Training
Strategy .......................................................... 1-11
CHAPTER 2. TRIPOD-MOUNTED TOW/TOW 2
Section I.
Operation
Procedures............................................................................ 2-1
2-1.
System
Checkout ...................................................................... 2-1
2-2.
Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services.......................... 2-1
2-3.
Selection of Firing Positions..................................................... 2-1
2-4.
Preparation
of
Missiles ............................................................. 2-2
Section
II. Performance Problems and Destruction Procedures............................. 2-2
2-5.
Malfunctions ............................................................................. 2-2
2-6.
Firing
Limitations ..................................................................... 2-4
2-7.
Destruction
of
TOW Weapon Systems..................................... 2-9
CHAPTER 3. M966-MOUNTED TOW/TOW 2
Section I.
Individual
Duties and Responsibilities ................................................. 3-1
3-1.
Squad
Leader ............................................................................ 3-1
3-2.
Gunner ...................................................................................... 3-2
3-3.
Driver-Loader ........................................................................... 3-2
Section II.
Operation
Procedures............................................................................ 3-3
3-4.
Equipment
Storage.................................................................... 3-3
3-5.
HMMWV Interchangeable Mount System............................... 3-5
3-6.
Preparation
of
an M966 for TOW Firing.................................. 3-6
3-7.
Loading, Arming, and Unloading........................................... 3-12
3-8.
Target
Engagement ................................................................. 3-15
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
*This publication supersedes FM 23-34, 17 August 1994.
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FM 3-22.34
Page
3-9.
Immediate
Action ................................................................... 3-15
3-10.
M220A1
Dismount ................................................................. 3-20
3-11.
M220A1
Remount .................................................................. 3-21
3-12. M220A2 Dismount (Ready-to-Fire Configuration)................ 3-23
3-13. M220A2 Remount (Ready-to-Fire Configuration)................. 3-24
3-14.
Firing
Limitations ................................................................... 3-25
CHAPTER 4. TOW TRAINING PROGRAM
Section
I. Training Assessment and Planning....................................................... 4-1
4-1.
Commander’s
Responsibility.................................................... 4-1
4-2.
Sustainment
Training and Evaluation....................................... 4-2
4-3.
TOW
Training
Guidelines ........................................................ 4-2
4-4.
TOW
Gunnery
Tables............................................................... 4-4
4-5.
Conduct of Unit TOW Training................................................ 4-4
4-6.
Collective
Training ................................................................... 4-5
Section
II. TOW Training Phases........................................................................... 4-5
4-7.
Phase I: Individual Training ..................................................... 4-6
4-8.
Phase II: Squad Training......................................................... 4-18
4-9.
Phase III: Section Training ..................................................... 4-25
4-10. Phase IV: Platoon Training..................................................... 4-30
4-11.
Field
Tracking......................................................................... 4-37
CHAPTER 5. COMBAT TECHNIQUES OF FIRE
Section
I. Fire Control Measures .......................................................................... 5-1
5-1.
Target Engagement Determination........................................... 5-1
5-2.
Fire
Commands......................................................................... 5-5
5-3.
Target
Tracking......................................................................... 5-8
5-4.
Target Engagement with the M220A1 (Basic TOW)............... 5-9
5-5.
Target Engagement with M220A2 (TOW 2).......................... 5-11
Section II.
Helicopter
Engagement....................................................................... 5-12
5-6.
Operational
Concept ............................................................... 5-12
5-7.
Gunnery
Training.................................................................... 5-12
Section
III. NBC and Limited Visibility Conditions ............................................. 5-13
5-8.
Decontamination..................................................................... 5-13
5-9.
Thermal Target Recognition, Identification, and
Engagement ............................................................................ 5-13
5-10. Effects of Weather and Obscurants ........................................ 5-14
5-11. Compensation for Target Appearance Variables.................... 5-15
5-12.
Battlefield
Identification......................................................... 5-16
Section IV.
Electrooptical
Countermeasures ......................................................... 5-16
5-13.
TOW
Launcher ....................................................................... 5-16
5-14.
TOW
2
Launcher .................................................................... 5-17
APPENDIX A. TOW TRAINING TIPS ................................................................. A-1
APPENDIX B. TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM ...........................................B-1
APPENDIX C. FIGHTING POSITIONS ................................................................C-1
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FM 3-22.34
Page
APPENDIX D. STANDARD RANGE CARD ........................................................ D-1
APPENDIX E. SAFETY............................................................................................E-1
APPENDIX F. TOW TRAINING DEVICES..........................................................F-1
APPENDIX G. COMBAT VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION.................................. G-1
APPENDIX H. OPFOR/THREAT COUNTERPART SYSTEMS....................... H-1
GLOSSARY........................................................................................................Glossary-1
REFERENCES............................................................................................... References-1
INDEX...................................................................................................................... Index-1
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FM 3-22.34