and the fountains of waters.
From the passages above it is clear that the Bible is referring to an underground body of water
which formed part of the Earth when it was made. We see that Proverbs talks about the
fountains of the deep that were strengthened – this shows that it contained a body of water. We
also see that the foundation of the Earth is mentioned, which will not be removed forever. The
foundation or core is said to be covered by the deep as with a garment, giving us an indication
that the pre-flood Earth had a layer of water at some depth under the surface of the crust and
above the core of the Earth. Psalm 136 and Proverbs 30 refer to the Earth as being stretched
out over the waters and the waters being bound in a garment, giving us further confirmation of
the actual layout of the Earth before the Flood occurred. There are also distinctions made
between the sea and the fountains of water. Interestingly enough, the garment which is referred
to in two passages above, firstly points to the water covering the entire Earth as a garment and
secondly it describes the subterranean waters being covered by a “garment” before the Flood.
This is also linked to the position of the “deep” within the earth. A possible position may have
been between the crust of the Earth and the mantle, or between the upper and lower mantles.
When we refer to the Earth‟s mantle today this could also be seen as a garment – since a
“mantle” can also refer to a specific garment today. This once again shows how certain aspects
were mentioned in the Bible, long before they happen and draws these connections long before
these zones inside the Earth were named by modern day scientists.
If we consider this water body to have existed between the Crust of the Earth and the Earth‟s
mantle or somewhere within the mantle, the verses above would apply perfectly and would
accurately describe its existence and location. Do we however have evidence of this today? If
we accept that there once was a large body of water trapped somewhere under the Earth‟s
crust or inside the mantle, would we have some way of proving that it ever existed?
Surprisingly, there is evidence of this even today. We can also point to the remnants of this
subterranean water body, when we consider water that is still being pushed to the surface of the
Earth today from deep inside the Earth via underwater vents, fissures and hot springs found all
over the Earth, under the pressure of rock masses bearing down on these subterranean water
bodies, even after the passage of 4,500 years after the Flood. More evidence of this
phenomenon, recently discovered by seismologists from Washington University in St. Louis is
provided in an extract from LiveScience Journal in 2007.33 In the article, scientists Michael
Wysession and Jesse Lawrence explain how they have found evidence of a vast water reservoir
beneath eastern Asia that would comprise the volume of the Arctic Ocean. This is also the first
time that scientists discovered such a large body of water in the deep mantle of the earth
through the analysis of more than 600,000 seismographs measuring seismic waveforms as they
propogated through the planet. In their studies they were able to identify seismic waves slowing
down slightly and being dampened in specific areas of the mantle which would indicate the
presence of a large body of water.
When science advances enough for us to stumble upon evidence that was already proposed in
the Bible, it makes one realise how limited we as humans are in our ability to understand the
world around us. We ridicule any notion of a Creator and the information he provided us
through his Word. Later, when we realise that our understanding and technology was lacking,
we replace the old theories with new theories, even though we know that they are incorrect
when compared to the evidence.
Continuing on our quest to rebuild a pre-flood scenario: In verse 7 of Genesis Chapter 1, God
created the firmament to divide the waters into 2 partitions. In today‟s language it may not be
crystal clear where the firmament would be located or what the Bible intends the reader to
understand when talking about the firmament. Fortunately, there is always an answer to
questions like these, which can also be found within the Bible. We know that the Bible refers to
the sky when talking about the firmament, because it is clearly described in the following
passage.
Gen 1:20 And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature
that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.
This implies that the firmament mentioned in the Bible refers to the sky or the Earth‟s
atmosphere.
Going back to the division of waters above and below the firmament or sky, we have to ac cept
that water above the sky would have had to be somewhere in the stratosphere, while the water
under the sky would be in oceans and in “the deep”. The oceans or seas exposed to the sky,
would have been smaller in volume before the Flood, fed by rivers form from the runoff of the
mist from out of the ground. Let us evaluate all this information in a bit more detail and see
what the effects would be on the environment, that people lived in, and how this could possibly
all fit together.
In the first place, considering the Earth‟s present water cycles, we know that the amount of
water on the surface of the planet, in relationship to exposed land masses, is sufficient to
provide us with a water cycle in which we have evaporation, condensation and precipitation all
over the globe. It also causes seasonal weather patterns that are influenced by the sun‟s
warming of the Earth and the Earth‟s rotation on its axis, in relation to the sun. The moon
influences the tides in the oceans essential for maintaining marine life and life in general.
Today, there is no defined layer of water, suspended high-up above the sky that would remain
there under normal conditions, but we know that water can be suspended in the atmosphere in
the form of ice crystals.34 The mist on the Earth may have been caused by pressure that was
exerted on water inside the Earth, by the crust, or parts of the mantle as well, through gravity -
depending on where the water under the Earth, locked up in the “storehouses” of the “fountains
of the deep”- was located exactly. Under immense pressure from the crust, and/or mantle,
bearing down on this water layer, this water may have surfaced through fissures, capillaries or
pathways in the crust. Water would also have been heated by the relative temperature of the
rock at the depth at which it was located. What is interesting is that where water is delivered to
the surface of the planet, slightly warmer than ambient temperature, it would have had a
profound impact on plant life. It has been found through experimentation that when plants grow
in an environment, where ultra-violet light is filtered out and where carbon dioxide content in the
air is increased, they flourish and bear more fruit than under normal conditions today.35 A
continuous mist watering system would also have ensured sustained plant growth all through
the year all over the earth as plants would not have been dependent on rainfall for their water.
Hail, weather storms and other negative environmental impacts would also not have existed
before this time. Added to this we can now also consider the layer of water in the stratosphere.
We would obviously need to ask the question of how a layer of water would be able to remain
suspended above the Earth and at the same time, comply with the laws of physics we know to
exist today.
Here is a possible explanation of how this could have occurred: Firstly, if we consider the fact
that the Earth‟s magnetic field strength has been scientifical y proven to have diminished by
10% over the past 150 years, we know that if we extrapolate this weakening tendency backward
into the past, the magnetic field generated by the Earth‟s geo-dynamo would have been
stronger the further back one goes in time.36 If we also consider the “fountains of the deep” in
the time before the flood and the vast amount of water it could have contained, according to the
Bible, it may also have served as lubrication agent to the rotational action of the Earth‟s core.
We know from physics that an increase in rotational speed of the Earth‟s core in relation to the
surface would have led to a larger dynamo effect and as a result, the generation of an even
stronger magnetic field around the Earth. We also know that water exhibits diamagnetic
properties - water is repelled when exposed to a magnetic field.37 Although this effect is not
very strong, it is factual and does exist.
Now to recreate a scenario where we have a substantial body or layer of water that would be
suspended in the stratosphere or above the Earth‟s atmosphere, we would obviously have
some forces working on it. Firstly, there would be the effect of gravity. This would draw the
water towards the surface of the Earth and the amount of gravitational pull depended on the
distance from the Earth. We know that the inverse square law is valid in gravitational force
calculations, which means that if you decrease the distance between two objects under
gravitational influence by 4 or it becomes 1/4 of the previous distance, the gravitational force
that is exerted between the objects will increase by a factor of 16. Put differently – the force
with which the objects attract each other will be multiplied by 16 or the inverse of (¼), squared.38
If we now have a strong magnetic field, generated by mechanics within the Earth that are
different to what we have today - considering that through extrapolating back in time, we arrive
at a stronger magnetic field, using the mechanics inside the Earth after the Flood, and also
keeping in mind that the core would probably have had more mobility within the Earth (provided
by the additional water lubrication from the fountains of the deep, before the Flood) what would
be the outcome? If this layer of water existed homogenously between the crust and the mantle,
it may have prevented contact between the inner and outer layers of rock and aid in the mobility
of the core inside the Earth – just as one would have with a present day ball-bearing for
example. Once you remove the oil, it will fail rather quickly and mobility will be impaired. In the
Earth‟s case, it may have had a profound impact on magnetic field generation. We find this
interesting verse in Psalms below:
Psa 82:5 They know not, neither will they understand; they walk on in darkness: all
the foundations of the earth are out of course.
If we keep these possibilities in mind, we could reach a point of equilibrium where water could
be suspended above the Earth‟s atmosphere: If a spherical layer of water‟s distance from the
Earth was such, that the force exerted on it through the Earth‟s gravity equal ed the repelling
force of a strong enough magnetic field that repelled the water with as much force, we would
have a favourable result and water would be able to exist in a suspended condition above the
atmosphere. This layer of water, in the form of ice, may have prevented more of the sun‟s
harmful particles and rays reaching the surface of the planet. Today we have discovered that
there is an Ozone layer which is very effective in preventing harmful UV-B radiation reaching the
surface of the planet. The rate, at which this layer of Ozone is diminishing, could also be
attributed to some degree to the Earth‟s magnetic field weakening. The same conditions today
would explain the existence of the Ozone layer which is found to form at a specific height above
the Earth. The ozone molecules have specific properties that are impacted by gravity, the
electromagnetic field that is generated by the Earth, as well as the current composition of the
atmosphere.39
So we now have a situation in which the Earth, having a stronger magnetic field, maintains a
layer of water in a zone above the atmosphere where the forces that act on the water are in
equilibrium. We also have a different ratio between exposed landmasses on Earth and water -
accumulated on the surface of the earth - based on the fact that it did not rain before the Flood.
Plants were watered continually from a mist that came up from the ground, and together with
the water layer above, the atmosphere would have resulted in a greenhouse effect that would
have been perfect for plant growth and producing optimal conditions for plant life. Some other
qualities that we can derive from this configuration would be the following:
A: -- Since conditions on Earth would be such that plant growth would be favoured at any
location on the Earth, including the polar regions, (where Mammoths today are uncovered,
frozen with tropical plant material in their mouths, as if they were frozen in an instant under the
present day ice layers) deserts would not exist anywhere on the planet.
B: -- With more plants around the globe on larger landmasses, the gases that would have been
found in the atmosphere, would definitely have contained additional oxygen and ha ving a
boundary layer of water outside the atmosphere, could have led to gases being trapped in the
atmosphere and an increase in air pressure. This has been confirmed by tests, which were
conducted on fossilised tree wax or amber that had trapped air bubbles in it, where it was found
that the air, contained in these bubbles, had about 50% additional oxygen in its composition.40
We also know that oxygen treatment is used in a hyperbaric chamber today. When a patient
with an injury is placed inside a pressurised vessel and the added oxygen under increased air
pressure, it results in improved and more rapid healing.41 It is almost as if the human body was
designed to operate under conditions that were significantly different to what we experience on
Earth today. The prevailing conditions today do not fully support these requirements and
therefore our bodies are no longer able to survive as long as they used to, during the
antediluvian age.
C: -- The layer of water or ice above the atmosphere would also have had an impact on the
sun‟s effect on the Earth. We know that today our atmosphere and a thin layer of Ozone alone,
consisting of gases only, in conjunction with the magnetic field that is generated by the Earth,
protects us from a reasonable amount of the harmful effects of the sun. These would include
ultra-violet, gamma and x-rays. At the Earth‟s Polar Regions, we can also see the effects of
these harmful agents on our atmosphere in brilliant displays of the Aurora Borealis as charged
particles from the sun are captured in the Earth‟s magnetic field. Where the Ozone layer has
been depleted it leads to an increased rate of sunburn, skin disease and skin cancers in people
who live in those regions.42 Imagine how an additional layer of ice above the atmosphere would
have contributed to preventing damage from the sun impacting on life on Earth.
These factors would all have contributed to very favourable life-supporting conditions on Earth.
So what would then have caused the Flood and what could have happened that resulted in the
entire Earth being overrun and covered with water?
According to the Bible, the pre-flood conditions prevailed for 1,656 years. How was the water
mist delivered to the surface of the Earth? Considering the fact that a constant flow of water
was delivered to the entire surface area of the planet, in the form of a mist, the volume of
subterranean water, which would have supplied this mist, would have diminished over the
centuries. Added to this, consider the possibility of this layer of water serving as a lubricating
section between the inner parts of the planet, resulting in differing rotational speeds between the
inner and outer parts. It may be that as water was slowly pushed out from the great deep, to
provide the mist on the surface of the planet, that the clearance between the inner and outer
planes, on each side of this water layer, could have closed in on each other. Assuming that
these layers would have had inconsistencies and that they were not perfectly smooth and
spherical, some parts of the inner and outer rock layers may at some point have come into
contact with each other. The diminishing of clearance between the rock layers, due to water
being forced to the surface, may have resulted in the onset of a chain reaction, which would
have led to the Flood. The crack may also have been caused by a passing celestial body, of
enough mass to exert a gravitational effect on the Earth, that could have caused contact
between rock layers, moving at different speeds. A sudden contact between the outer and inner
rock layers could have exerted enough breaking force on sections of the crust above the contact
point, to cause it to tear or a rupture in the crust to occur. This would have been aided by the
immense pressure on the water trapped under the weight of these rocks. This tear in the crust
would have raced around the globe in a matter of minutes as the water pushed through the
crack and forced the two opposing sides of the crack away from each other, while sections of
crust on both sides of the crack were still relatively well suspended on a water cushion. This
crack in the Earth‟s crust would have released a torrent of water, never seen on Earth before
and also never to be witnessed again. It would have shot up into the atmosphere for miles at
supersonic speeds, bringing with it millions of tons of sediment from friction caused by the water
rushing past miles of rocks through the cracks on its way up to the surface of the planet, and
sweeping sediment with it, as it rushed out into the air and onto the surface of the Earth.
According to the Bible, this release of water went on for 40 days and therefore there must have
been a substantial volume of water released from below the surface of the Earth. While the
water was released (through the cracks and the sides of the rocks eroded away by the friction
and resulting in sediment that was deposited onto the surface of the Earth) the floating
landmasses that were still cushioned by water, would start to move away from each other.
These moving sections of crust would then pick up speed over a period of 40 days, drifting away
from the crack‟s origin, while stil floating on the remaining subterranean water layer. As these
land masses moved away from each other, the width of the crack between them would widen
and the speed of the flow of water from beneath would decrease, due to increased surface area.
As these tectonic plates started moving away from each other, the underlying layers which had
been under immense pressure from the crust above, were no longer pushed down by the crust
and as a result bulged out as we can see today in areas of the planet such as the mid-Atlantic
ridge. This ridge would be perpendicular to the movements of the plates as they slid away from
the crack. As the water ran out from under these moving sections of crust, the pieces of floating
crust would also come to a sudden stop as they came into contact with the mantle, once the
water lubrication was sufficiently depleted. As these floating plates, now moving at speed away
from the crack origin, came into contact with lower layers of rock no longer being lubricated by
the water layer, which was now mostly all forced out onto the surface of the earth, they would
then buckle up or down. This force would push up the landmasses before them to form high
mountain ranges such as the Andes, or Rockies; or down, forming deep ocean trenches as the
plates pushed down into the mantle. Such an event would perfectly fit the evidence that is
found in the Geologic Column today. It would cause instantaneous burial of plant and animal
material, as well as humans living during that time.
In addition to this, the removal of the lubricating layer between the crust and the mantle may
also have had a profound impact on the water suspended above the atmosphere. We know
that while the subterranean water layer existed, the Earth‟s magnetic field was strong enough to
counteract the gravitational pull that was exerted on the water, suspended above the
atmosphere. With that water removed, and the Earth‟s electro-mechanical function adversely
affected, and because we can today measure a continuous decline in Earth‟s magnetic field
strength, we can postulate that gravity would have overcome the magnetic field‟s influence on
the layer of water above the atmosphere as a result of the rotational core mechanics being
altered. This layer of water above the atmosphere ( under a gravitational pull that would now be
stronger than the force exerted by the electro-magnetic field) would have rained down on the
Earth adding to the subterranean water, which was released onto the surface, resulting in a
massive deluge that would have covered the entire planet. With the layer of water above the
atmosphere removed, a weaker magnetic field and new water to landmass ratio on the surface
of the planet, affecting gas composition, air pressure and an altered level of protection against
cosmic radiation, the previous conditions on Earth would be changed forever and forgotten over
time. Imagine also the effect of such an event on plant and animal life. There would be a total
wipe-out of all life, while some of the animal and plant remains would be buried under the
massive quantities of sediment that would spew out of the crack and later roll out sideways,
away from the cracks onto the surface of the planet. These would bury animals and plants,
rapidly cutting off exposure to decaying agents and allow the remains to fossilise during the
subsequent years that followed. The sequence of events portrayed in such a scenario, although
all the mechanics and the physical cause of such a catastrophe may not be 100% accurate,
comes a lot closer to matching the evidence around us in the world today, while it utilises the
information as portrayed in the Bible as a foundation. Discovering the processes by which the
Creator placed the water layer above the atmosphere in the first place or how a water layer
ended up between rock-layers beneath the earth may be a futile exercise. If we consider that
the firmament was created in a day and that it divided the waters; we may as well assume that
God put it there himself, just because he could do whatever he pleased and has the power to do
so by just uttering the words. If he can create out of nothing, he can surely put water between
layers of rock or up in the sky and put forces in place that would keep it there for a certain
period of time.
Psa 119:105 NUN. Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path.
These new discoveries point to the fact that our understanding of the Earth and its composition
is ever in need of improvement, but if we keep to what the Bible describes and fit our knowledge
to the information contained therein, we stay on a path that would eventually point us in the right
direction.
Another section from the Bible that specifically anticipates and addresses the Theory of
Evolution is given in the passages below:
Rom 1:19 - 32 Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for
God hath shewed it unto them. For the invisible things of him from the creation of
the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his
eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse: Because that, when
they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became
vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened. Professing
themselves to be wise, they became fools, And changed the glory of the