Basics of Concrete Science by Professor L. Dvorkin, Professor O. Dvorkin - HTML preview

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REFERENCE

REFERENCE

on the manuscript of book

on the manuscript of book

of Doct. of Tech. Science, Prof. L. Dvorkin and

of Doct. of Tech. Science, Prof. L. Dvorkin and

Doct. of Tech. Science O. Dvorkin

Doct. of Tech. Science O. Dvorkin

“Basics of Concrete Science”

“Basics of Concrete Science”

Basically concrete science is engineering science, development

By now concrete science became one of the fundamental material

of which greatly defines a level of modern construction technology.

sciences, at which modern construction technology is based. A large

The series of editions educational chiefly prepared by professors

body of literature is devoted to certain problems and sections of

B.G. Scramtaev, Y.M. Bazhenov and others are devoted to recitals

concrete science.

of concrete science essentials. Therewith dynamic development of

In this connection famous monographs of V. Ramachandran, A.

concrete science in recent years causes necessity of preparation

Neville, F. Lee, A. Sheykin and other authors should be mentioned.

the works, where modern theoretical essentials of that science

Chapter “Concrete science” in educational literature is adduced in

would be generalized and accessibly stated. The book prepared by

manuals on concrete and reinforced concrete technology (manuals of

famous specialists Doctors of Technical Science, Professors

O.Gershberg, Y.Bazhenov etc.).

L.Dvorkin and O.Dvorkin subserves this purpose.

Therewith wide theoretical and empirical date have been accrued till

Therewith it should be mentioned that the book presented can be

present time that makes preparation of the books with recital of general

considered as in-depth course of concrete science basics which

essentials of concrete science as independent discipline order of the

can be useful for wide readership – students, post-graduate

day. Discipline subject is studying of concrete structure and properties

students, scientists and technologists.

of different types and influence of various factors on them.

Structure of the course suggested is appeared to be straight

Authors of the book under review attempted to solve this problem.

enough; authors sequentially enlighten peculiarities of raw

The book consists of 10 chapters, comprising main subjects of material

materials, rheological and technological properties of concrete

science and enlighting qualitative peculiarities of raw materials and

mixes, issues of concrete structure forming, its influence on

admixtures, chemical and physical processes in concrete structure

strength, deformability, concrete resistance to physical and

forming, complex of concrete properties which characterize concrete

chemical aggression effect. There are discovered interestingly and

durability, types of cement and mostly wide-spread non-cement

deeply enough the issues of concrete creep and shrinkage.

concrete and mortars. Distinctive features of the book accessible and in

Accessible logical recital, wide range of the problems

the same time deep enough recital of the data, generalization of wide

enlightened, generalization of wide experimental data obtained by

experimental data, accent on the problems of forecasting and

large group of researchers including the authors themselves, high

management of concrete properties, their proportioning.

level of using diagrams, tables, quantitative dependences are

To our opinion the book appeared to be “full-blooded” and original.

characteristic for the book under reference.

Along with classical statements there are enlightened modern data and

conceptions.

Honoured worker of science of Russia, Academician of

Russian Academy of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Doct. of Tech. Science, Professor, Director of Scientific and

Science, Doct. of Tech. Science, Professor of the department

Research Institute of Binding Materials at Kiev National University

“Building Materials and Technologies” of St-Petersburg State

of Civil Engineering and Architecture

University of communication lines

P.V. KRIVENKO

P.G. KOMOHOV

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FOREWORD

L. Dvorkin and O.Dvorkin

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Modern concrete science is dynamically developed applied science which subject

is studying of structure and properties of the composite materials received at

hardening of binders and aggregates.

The primary goal of concrete science is working out the theory of producing of

concrete with given properties, maintenance of their working capacity and

necessary durability in structures and constructions at influence of service

factors.

Considering many-sided nature of concrete science, huge luggage of theoretical

workings out and the practical experience, saved up by present time, the

statement of concrete science essentials is an uneasy problem.

By preparation of the book authors pursued the goal to shine well and at the

same time without excessive simplification such sections of concrete science as

structure of a cement stone and concrete, its basic properties and types, design

of concrete mixtures. Principal views of noncement concrete and mortars are

considered in short also.

The offered book as authors hope, can be used not only by students of building

specialities of universities, but also to be useful to post-graduate students,

scientists, a wide range of technologists.

Authors are grateful to reviewers: Prof. P.Komohov, Prof. P. Krivenko and Prof.

A.Ysherov-Marshak for valuable advices and remarks; and also PhD

N.Lyshnikova who have assisted in preparation of presentation.

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INTRODUCTION.

SHORT HISTORICAL ESSAY

L. Dvorkin and O.Dvorkin

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Concrete science is a science about concrete, its types, structure and

properties, environmental impact on it. Concrete science develops in process of

development of construction technology, improving of experimental methods of

research.

Concrete application in civil engineering can be divided conventionally into

some stages:

1. The antique

2. Application of a hydraulic lime and Roman cement.

3. Portland cement technology formation and plain concrete application.

4. Mass application of concrete for manufacturing of reinforced concrete

constructions.

5. Application of concrete for manufacturing of prestressed and precast

reinforced concrete constructions

6. Wide use of concrete of the various types modified by admixtures.

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1. Antique concrete

Fig.1. Pantheon in Rome.

Concrete domical building 43 m high (115-125 A.D.)

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2. Pioneer research of cement concrete

Fig.2. A. Le Shatelye (1850-1936)

Fig.3. D. Mendeleev (1834-1907)

The author of crystallization

The great Russian chemist.

theory of binders hardening

He has investigated a series of issues

of cement chemistry

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Fig.5. N. Beleluskiy (1845-1922)

Fig.4. A. Shulyachenko (1841-1903)

The author of a series of famous

The author of a series of famous works

works on methods of cement and

on hardening theory

concrete testing, design of reinforced

of hydraulic binders, concrete corrosion

concrete constructions

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3. “Golden age” of concrete

Fig.6. Roofed swimming pool, Hebveiler, France (1896)

Fig.7. Roofed market, Munich, Germany (1912)

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Fig.8. Central railway station, Leipzig,

Germany (1915)

Fig.9. Exhibition hall, Brunn, Czech

Republik (1928)

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Fig.11. Moscow subway station “Red Gates”. Monolithic concrete.

The platform is ingrown 32.8 m (1935)

Fig.10. Empire State Building, New-York,

USA (1931) 381 m high

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Fig.12. Concrete dam at Dnieper hydroelectric plant (1932)

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Fig.13. Concrete dam at Sayano-Shushenskaya

hydroelectric plant (1982)

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Fig.15. Project of reinforced

concrete petroleum extraction

platform

ф

Fig. 14. Ostankino television

tower, Moscow, more than

530 m high (1967)

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4. Concrete of ХХІ century

In ХХI century concrete has entered as the basic building material appreciably

defining level of a modern civilization. The world volume of application of

concrete has reached 2 billion m3. Advantages of concrete are an unlimited

raw-material base and rather low cost, an environmental acceptance,

application possibility in various performance conditions and achievements of

high architectonic-building expressiveness, availability of technology and

possibility of maintenance of high level of mechanization and automation of

production processes, which cause attractiveness of this material and its

leading positions on foreseeable prospect. Achievements concrete science and

concrete technologies allow to project by present time concrete, products and

designs with demanded properties, to predict and operate its properties.

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