WordPress creates something called a permalink. Which is a term for a permanent
link to your post. You can give this URL to anyone so they can view that specific
post.
When someone comments of your post, that is called a comment. When someone
comments on my post, and then decides to comment on it on their blog so their
readers can benefit, that is called a trackback.
Another term is RSS feed. What RSS does is allow someone to subscribe to your
site, and read your material from their RSS reader, as opposed to visiting your
site again. You simply get to read whats on my site, without having to come to my site by reading it through your RSS Reader.