From Ukraine the Russian natural gas flows to Europe, and the Russians and the Ukrainians were always fighting for natural gas, because the Ukrainians were accusing the Russians for charging them very high prices in order to support the Ukrainians oligarchs who back in Ukraine, and the Russians were accusing the Ukrainians for stealing natural gas that was supposed to go to Europe.
Ukraine decided to move away from Russia and towards the West, and the Russians decided to annex Crimea, which in reality was Russian and not Ukrainian territory, and they started the war in Ukraine. Ukraine is very important for Russia, and Russia went to a war with Georgia in 2008 for the issue of White Stream, which was a natural gas pipeline that would send Azeri gas to Ukraine through Georgia and the Black Sea.
Moreover the American Chevron and the Anglo-Dutch Shell had signed agreements with the Ukrainian governments for the development of the two large Ukrainian shale gas fields, with each gas field holding approximately 1 trillion cubic meters of gas. But they had to leave the country after the war in Ukraine broke out.
Moreover Turkey is discussing with Iran and Ukraine the possibility of sending Iranian natural gas to Ukraine, either through the Black Sea or through Romania. Russia is trying to bypass Ukraine with the Nord and South Stream Pipelines (or the Turk Stream pipeline).
For more details see “Gazprom VS NATO : The War for Europe”.
https://iakal.wordpress.com/2015/08/19/gazprom-vs-nato-the-war-for-europe/
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The natural gas of the Iraqi Kurdistan (Northern Iraq) and Iran, but also of Turkmenistan (through Iran) can reach Turkey and Europe through the Kurdistan of Turkey, and Russia is using her influence over the Kurds of Turkey to attack Turkey.
For more details see “Towards a Kurdish Civil War”?
https://iakal.wordpress.com/2016/03/25/towards-a-kurdish-civil-war/
and “How the Americans and the Russians see the Kurds”
https://iakal.wordpress.com/2015/08/04/how-the-americans-and-the-russians-see-the-kurds/
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