Notes
1. Aaron Rhodes, Ten Years of Media Support to the Balkan-An Assessment, Media Task Force of the Stability Challenges to Conventional Media Intervention Planning (Amsterdam: Stability Pact for South East Europe and Press Now, 2007).
2. Craig LaMay, "Democratization and the Dilemmas of Media Independence," International Journal of Not-for-Profit Law 8, no. 4 (2006).
3. Shanthi Kalathil with John Langlois and Adam Kaplan, Towards a New Model: Media and Communication in Post-Conflict and Fragile States (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2008).
4. Gadi Wolfsfeld, "The News Media and Peace Processes: The Middle East and Northern Ireland," (Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, 2001).
5. Robert Karl Manoff, "The Media's Role in Preventing and Moderating Conflict," (presentation, United States Institute of Peace Virtual Media Conference, Washington, D.C., April 1-2, 1997).
6. Application of the KAB model in the healthcare field has enabled marked changes in social behavior in areas as different as reducing under-aged smoking and promoting safe sex practices among gay men. A large body of literature is available on communications for health-behavior change, especially regarding HIV/AIDS. Among the pertinent lessons learned is that this articulated process of change is applicable across cultures and geographic areas. AIDS interventions using the media have been conducted all over the world, including Africa, Southeast Asia, and the United States. For example, see Karoline Moon, "Knowledge, Perceptions, Attitudes, and Practices of HIV/AIDS: A Comparative Study of Behavior Change in Commercial Sex Workers and Truck Drivers in the Dindigul and Coimbatore Districts of Tamil Nadu, India," (master's thesis, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 2002).
7. The authors wish to acknowledge Joseph Petraglia for his direct contribution to the development of our Change Ladder paradigm. Working on issues of health-related behavior change, Petraglia has created a method that he calls "pathways to change." See Joseph Petraglia, Christine Galavotti, Nicola Harford, Katina A. Pappas-DeLuca, and Maungo Mooki, "Applying Behavioral Science to Behavior Change Communication: The Pathways to Change Tools," Health Promotion Practice 8 (2007): 384-393.
8. For example, after fifty years of Communism (status quo), the populations of Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, and others had to consider a variety of political alternatives. They decided that their best choice was free-market capitalism, and voted accordingly. Ten years of capitalism (desired change), however, did not produce the benefits that were expected, especially economic benefits. The same voters, consequently, decided to return their former communist politicians to power, but under the rubric of Social Democrats (return to status quo).
9. Although it may be tempting to save airfare by buying tickets that have non-changeable departure dates, the review process is more effective if Stage 1 work is sufficiently advanced before the assessment team begins fieldwork. Flexibility about the departure date may be warranted.