Studies in the psychology of sex, volume 2 by Havelock Ellis. - HTML preview

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bitterly disappointed in many ways, very likely in me as well. My

unfortunate, misunderstood temperament led me to be shy and

secretive, and I was often ailing, and my training was not

calculated to improve matters. At last, however, change and

freedom came, and I was sent to a boarding-school.

Here, of

course, I soon met with attachments and gratifications with other

boys. I arrived at puberty, and my health improved under happier

surroundings. I was not long in discovering that my companions

viewed the pleasures that meant so much to me from an entirely

different standpoint. Their gratifications were usually

accompanied by conversation about, and a general direction of

thought toward, females. When I had turned 15, owing to monetary

difficulties I was obliged to leave school, and was soon not only

thrown on my own resources, but accountable to no one but myself

for my conduct. Of course, my next discovery was that my case, so

far from being peculiar, was a most common one, and I was quickly

initiated into all the mysteries of inversion, with its

freemasonry and 'argot.' Altogether my experience of inverts has

been a pretty wide and varied one, and I have always endeavored

to classify and compare cases which have come under my notice

with a view to arriving at some sort of conclusion or

explanation.

"I suppose it is due to female versatility or impressibility that

it is possible for me to experience mentally the emotions

attributable to either sex, according to the age and temperament

of my companion; for instance, with one older than myself,

possessing well-marked male characteristics, I am able to feel

all that surrender and dependence which is so essentially

feminine. On the other hand, if with a youth of feminine type and

behavior I can realize, with an equal amount of pleasure, the

tender, yet dominant, attitude of the male.

"I experience no particular 'horror' of women sexually. I should

imagine that my feeling toward them resembles very much what

normal people feel with regard to others of their own sex." M.N.

remarks that he cannot whistle, and that his favorite color is

green.

In this case the subject easily found a moral _modus vivendi_ with his

inverted instinct, and he takes its gratification for granted. In the

following case, which, I believe, is typical of a large group, the subject

has never yielded to his inverted impulses, and, except so far as

masturbation is concerned, has preserved strict chastity.

HISTORY IX.--R.S., aged 31, American of French descent. "Upon the

question of heredity I may say that I belong to a reasonably

healthy, prolific, and long-lived family. On my father's side,

however, there is a tendency toward pulmonary troubles. He

himself died of pneumonia, and two of his brothers and a nephew

of consumption. Neither of my parents were morbid or eccentric.

Excepting for a certain shyness with strangers, my father was a

very masculine man. My mother is somewhat nervous, but is not

imaginative, nor at all demonstrative in her affections. I think

that my own imaginative and artistic temperament must come from

my father's side. Perhaps my French ancestry has something to do

with it. With the exception of my maternal grandfather, all my

progenitors have been of French descent. My mother's father was

English.

"I possess a mercurial temperament and a strong sense of the

ludicrous. Though my _physique_ is slight, my health has always

been excellent. Of late years especially I have been greatly

given to introspection and self-scrutiny, but have never had any

hallucinations, mental delusions, nor hysterics, and am not at

all superstitious. Spiritualistic manifestations, hypnotic

dabblings, and the other psychical fads of the day have little or

no attraction for me. In fact, I have always been skeptical of

them, and they rather bore me.

"At school I was an indolent, dreamy boy, shirking study, but

otherwise fairly docile to my teachers. From earliest childhood I

have indulged in omnivorous taste for reading, my particular

likings being for travels, esthetics, metaphysical and

theological subjects, and more recently for poetry and certain

forms of mysticism. I never cared much for history or for

scientific subjects. From the beginning, too, I showed a strong

artistic bent, and possessed an overpowering love for all things

beautiful. As a child I was passionately fond of flowers, loved

to be in the woods and alone, and wanted to become an artist. My

parents opposed the latter wish and I gave way before their

opposition.

"In me the homosexual nature is singularly complete, and is

undoubtedly congenital. The most intense delight of my childhood

(even when a tiny boy in a nurse's charge) was to watch acrobats

and riders at the circus. This was not so much for the skillful

feats as on account of the beauty of their persons.

Even then I

cared chiefly for the more lithe and graceful fellows. People

told me that circus actors were wicked, and would steal little

boys, and so I came to look upon my favorites as half-devil and

half-angel. When I was older and could go about alone, I would

often hang around the tents of travelling shows in hope of

catching a glimpse of the actors. I longed to see them naked,

without their tights, and used to lie awake at night thinking of

them and longing to be loved and embraced by them. A certain

bareback rider, a sort of jockey, used especially to please me on

account of his handsome legs, which were clothed in fleshlings up

to his waist, leaving his beautiful loins uncovered by a

breech-clout. There was nothing consciously sensual about these

reveries, because at the time I had no sensual feelings or

knowledge. Curiously enough, the women-actors repelled me then

(as they do to this day) quite as strongly as I was attracted by

the men.

"I used, also, to take great pleasure in watching men and boys in

swimming, but my opportunities for seeing them thus were

extremely rare. I never dared let my comrades know how I felt

about these matters, but the sight of a well-formed, naked youth

or man would fill me (and does now) with mingled feelings of

bashfulness, anguish, and delight. I used to tell myself endless

stories of a visionary castle inhabited by beautiful boys, one of

whom was especially my dear chum.

"It was always the _prince_, in fairy tales, who held my interest

or affection. I was constantly falling in love with handsome boys

whom I never knew; nor did I ever try to mix in their company,

for I was abashed before them, and had no liking nor aptitude for

boyish games. Sometimes I played with girls because they were

more quiet and gentler, but I cared for them little or not at

all.

"As is usually the case, my parents neglected to impart to me any

sexual knowledge, and such as I possessed was gathered furtively

from tainted sources, bad boys' talk at school and elsewhere. My

elders let me know, in a vague way, that talk of the kind was

wicked, and natural timidity and a wish to be 'good'

kept me from

learning much about sexual matters. As I never went to

boarding-school, I was spared, perhaps, many of the degrading

initiations administered by knowing boys at such institutions.

"In spite of what has been said above, I do not believe that I

was sexually very precocious, and even now I feel that more

pleasure would ensue from merely contemplating than from personal

contact with the object of my amorous attentions.

"As I grew older there came, of course, an undefined physical

longing, but it was the _beauty_ of those I admired which mainly

appealed to me. At the time of puberty I spontaneously acquired

the habit of masturbation. Once while bathing I found that a

pleasant feeling came with touching the sexual organs. It was not

long before I was confirmed in the habit. At first I practised it

but seldom, but afterward much more frequently (say, once a

week), though at times months have elapsed without any

indulgences on my part. I have only had erotic dreams three or

four times in my life. The masturbation habit I regard as

morally reprehensible and have made many resolutions to break it,

but without avail. It affords me only the most momentary

satisfaction, and is always followed by remorseful scruples.

"I have never in my life had any sexual feeling for a woman, nor

any sexual connection with any woman whatsoever. The very thought

of such a thing is excessively repugnant and disgusting to me.

This is true, apart from any moral considerations, and I do not

think I could bring myself to it. I am not attracted by young

women in any way. Even their physical beauty has little or no

charm for me, and I often wonder how men can be so affected by

it. On the other hand, I am not a woman-hater, and have several

strong friends of the opposite sex. They are, however, women

older than myself, and our friendship is based solely on certain

intellectual or esthetic tastes we have in common.

"I have had practically no physical relations with men; at any

rate, none specifically sexual. Once, when about 19

or 21, I

started to embrace a beautifully formed youth with whom I was

sleeping, but timidity and scruples got the better of my

feelings, and, as my bedfellow was not amorously inclined toward

me, nothing came of it. A few years after this I became strongly

attached to a friend whom I had already known for several years.

Circumstances threw us very much together during one summer. It

was now that I felt for the first time the full shock of love. He

returned my affection, but both of us were shy of showing our

feelings or speaking of them. Often when walking together after

night-fall we would put our arms about each other.

Sometimes,

too, when sleeping together we would lie in close contact, and my

friend once suggested that I put my legs against his. He

frequently begged me to spend the night with him; but I began to

fear my feelings, and slept with him but seldom. We neither of us

had any definite ideas about homosexual relations, and, apart

from what I have related above, we had no further contact with

each other. A few months after our amorous feelings had developed

my friend died. His death caused me great distress, and my

naturally religious temperament began to manifest itself quite

strongly. At this time, too, I first read some writings of Mr.

Addington Symonds, and certain allusions in his work, coupled

with my recent experience, soon stirred me to a full consciousness of my inverted nature.

"About eight months after my friend's death I happened to meet in

a strange town a youth of about my own age who exerted upon me a

strong and instant attraction. He possessed a refined, handsome

face, was gracefully built, and, though he was rather

undemonstrative, we soon became fast friends.

"We were together only for a few days, when I was obliged to

leave for my home, and the parting caused me great unhappiness

and depression. A few months after we spent a vacation together.

One day during our trip we went swimming, and undressed in the

same bathhouse. When I saw my friend naked for the first time he

seemed to me so beautiful that I longed to throw my arms about

him and cover him with kisses. I kept my feelings hidden,

however, hardly daring to look at him for fear of being unable to

restrain my desires. Several times afterward, in his room, I saw

him stripped, with the same effect upon my emotions.

Until I had

seen him naked my feelings for him were not of a physical

character, but afterward I longed for actual contact, but only by

embraces and kisses. Though he was fond of me, he had absolutely

no amorous longings for me, and being a simple, pure-minded

fellow, would have loathed me for mine and my inverted nature. I

was careful never to let him discover it, and I was made very

unhappy when he confided that he was in love with a young girl

whom he wished to marry. This episode took place several years

ago, and though we are still friends my emotional feelings for

him have cooled considerably.

"I have always been very shy of showing any affectionate

tendencies. Most of my acquaintances (and close friends even)

think me curiously cold, and often wonder why I have never fallen

in love or married. For obvious reasons I have never been able to

tell them.

"Three or four years ago a little book by Coventry Patmore fell

into my hands, and from its perusal resulted a strange blending

of my religious and erotic notions. The desire to love and be

loved is hard to drown, and, when I realized that homosexually it

was neither lawful nor possible for me to love in this world, I

began to project my longings into the next. By birth I am a Roman

Catholic, and in spite of a somewhat skeptical temper, manage to

remain one by conviction.

"From the doctrines of the Trinity, Incarnation, and Eucharist, I

have drawn conclusions which would fill the minds of the average

pietist with holy horror; nevertheless I believe that (granting

the premises) these conclusions are both logically and

theologically defensible. The Divinity of my fancied paradise

resembles in no way the vapid conceptions of Fra Angelico, or the

Quartier St. Sulpice. His physical aspect, at least, would be

better represented by some Praxitilean demigod or Flandrin's

naked, brooding boy.

"While these imaginings have caused me considerable moral

disquietude, they do not seem wholly reprehensible, because I

feel that the chief happiness I would derive by their realization

would be mainly from the contemplation of the loved one, rather

than from closer joys.

"I possess only a slight knowledge of the history and particulars

of erotic mysticism, but it is likely that my notions are neither

new nor peculiar, and many utterances of the few mystical writers

with whose works I am acquainted seem substantially in accord

with my own longings and conclusions. In endeavoring to find for

them some sanction of valid authority, I have always sought

corroboration from members of my own sex; hence am less likely to

have fashioned my views after those of

hypersensitive or

hysterical women.

"You will rightly infer that it is difficult for me to say

exactly how I regard (morally) the homosexual tendency. Of this

much, however, I am certain, that, even, if it were possible, I

would not exchange my inverted nature for a normal one. I suspect

that the sexual emotions and even inverted ones have a more

subtle significance than is generally attributed to them; but

modern moralists either fight shy of transcendental interpretations or see none, and I am ignorant and unable to

solve the mystery these feelings seem to imply.

"Patmore speaks boldly enough, in his way, and Lacordaire has

hinted at things, but in a very guarded manner. I have neither

the ability nor opportunity to study what the mystics of the

Middle Ages have to say along these lines, and, besides, the

medieval way of looking at things is not congenial to me. The

chief characteristic of my tendency is an overpowering admiration

for male beauty, and in this I am more akin to the Greeks.

"I have absolutely no words to tell you how powerfully such

beauty affects me. Moral and intellectual worth is, I know, of

greater value, but physical beauty I _see_ more clearly, and it

appears to me the most _vivid_ (if not the most perfect)

manifestation of the divine. A little incident may, perhaps,

reveal to you my feelings more completely. Not long ago I

happened to see an unusually well-formed young fellow enter a

house of assignation with a common woman of the streets. The

sight filled me with the keenest anguish, and the thought that

his beauty would soon be at the disposal of a prostitute made me

feel as if I were a powerless and unhappy witness to a sacrilege.

It may be that my rage for male loveliness is only another

outbreaking of the old Platonic mania, for as time goes on I find

that I long less for the actual youth before me, and more and

more for some ideal, perfect being whose bodily splendor and

loving heart are the realities whose reflections only we see in

this cave of shadows. Since the birth and development within me

of what, for lack of a better name, I term my homosexualized

Patmorean ideal, life has become, in the main, a weary business.

I am not despondent, however, because many things still hold for

me a certain interest. When that interest dies down, as it is

wont from time to time, I endeavor to be patient.

God grant that,

after the end _here_, I may be drawn from the shadow, and

seemingly vain imaginings into the possession of their

never-ending reality _hereafter_."

HISTORY X.--A.H., aged 62. Belongs to a family which cannot be

regarded as healthy, but there is no insanity among near

relations. Father a very virile man of high character and good

intelligence, but not sound physical health. Mother was

high-strung and nervous, but possessed of indomitable courage and

very affectionate; she lived very happily with her husband. She

became a chronic invalid and died of consumption.

A.H. was a

seven months' child, the third in the family, who were born very

rapidly, so that there is only three years difference in the ages

of the first and third children. A.H. believes that one of his

brothers, who has never married and prefers men to women, is also

inverted, though not to the same degree as himself, and he also

suspects that a relation of his mother's may have been an invert.

Sister, who resembles the father in character, is married, but is

spoken of as a woman's woman rather than a man's woman. The

family generally are considered proud and reserved, but of

superior mental endowment.

In early life A.H. was delicate and his studies were often

interrupted by illness. Though living under happy conditions he

was shy and nervous, often depressed. In later life his health

has been up to the average, and he has usually been able to

conceal his mental doubts and diffidence.

As a child he played with dolls and made girls his companions

until an age when he grew conscious that his conduct was unusual

and became ashamed, while his father seemed troubled about him.

He regards himself as having been a very childish child.

His conscious sexual life began between the ages of 8 and 10. He

was playing in the garden when he saw a manservant who had long

been with the family, standing at the door of a shed with his

penis exposed and erect. The boy had never seen anything of the

kind before, but felt great delight in the exhibition and moved

shyly toward the man, who retreated into the shed.

The boy

followed and was allowed to caress and play with the penis until

ejaculation took place, the man replying, in reply to the child's

innocent inquiries, that it "felt good." This experience was

frequently repeated with the same man, and the boy confided in a

boy friend, with whom he tried to ascertain by personal

experience what the "good feeling" was like, but they were too

young to derive any pleasure from the attempt beyond the joy of

what was instinctively felt to be "eating forbidden fruit."

From this period his sexual tendencies began to become fixed and

self-conscious. He has never at any period of life had a moment's

conscious sexual attraction toward a person of the opposite sex.

His warmest friendships have, indeed, been with women and much,

perhaps most, of the happiness he has enjoyed has been furnished

by those friendships. But passion has only been aroused by

persons of his own sex, generally by men much younger than

himself. He feels shy and uncomfortable in the presence of men

of his own age. But even at his present age, a touch of a man or

boy may cause the liveliest gratification.

Shortly after the incident in boyhood, already narrated, A.H.

induced a little boy companion to go to a quiet spot, where, at

A.H.'s suggestion, each placed the other's penis in his mouth by

turns. A.H. had never heard of such a proceeding. It was a

natural instinct. He began to masturbate at an early age. But he

soon found a companion to share his passion. An older man,

especially, married and with a family, became his accomplice on

every possible opportunity, and they would manipulate each other.

At the age of 21, _fellatio_ began to be practised with this man.

It became a lifelong practice, and the preferred method of sexual

gratification. He likes best to have it performed on himself, but

he has never asked anyone to do for him what he would not himself

do for the other if desired. There has never been _pedicatio_.

The penis, it may be added, is of good size, and the testicles

rather large.

No one has ever suspected A.H.'s sexual perversion, not even his

physician, with whom he has long had a close friendship, until at

a time of great mental distress A.H. voluntarily revealed his

state. He is accustomed to refined society, has always read much,

abhorred athletic pursuits, and loved poetry, children, and

flowers. His love of nature amounts, indeed, to a passion.

Wherever he has been he has made friends among the best people.

He confesses to occasional periods of addiction to intoxicants,

induced by sociable companionship, and only controlled by force

of will.

For business he has not the slightest aptitude, and cannot look

after his own affairs. He is always dreading poverty and

destitution. He believes, however, that he passes among his

friends as fairly capable.

He considers that inversion is natural in his case and that he

has a perfect right to gratify his own natural instincts, though

he also admits they may be vices. He has never sought to

influence an innocent person toward his own tendencies.

HISTORY XI.--T.D., knows of nothing abnormal in his ancestry. His

brother has homosexual tendencies, but is also attracted to

women. A sister, who is very religious, states that she has

little or no sexual inclinations. They were all of a dreamy

disposition when young, to the disgust of their teachers. He sent

the following account of himself from the University at the age

of 20:--

"When I was a child (before I went to school at 9),"

he writes,

"I was already of an affectionate disposition, an affection

turned readily to either sex. No boy was the cause of my

inclinations, which were quite