Index
A
Abortion, 142, 162
Abrahams, Marianne, 110
Adler, Alfred, 150
Adolescence: depression in, I76; dieting
in, I92-93; importance of attractiveness
in, 90-9I; magazines and, I09;
physically based self-concept in, 9ü-9I
Adverrising, I07-8, II3, I8I, I94, I99
200
Aggression, I08, I23--28
Agoraphobia, I7, I86-87
Al-Issa, Ihsan, I86
Allport, Gordon, I49
American Medica) Association, I68
American Psychiatric Association, I66,
I68
Amnesia, I87
Androgyny,43, I63
Anger, I02, I39, 222-23
Anhedonia, I7I
Anorexia nervosa, I90-92, I96, 208
Antecedents of Self-Esteem, The
(Coopersmith), I59-60
Antigonal psychology, 75-86; assess- ment a
nd, 2I5-I6; awareness of, in therapy, 2Iü-25; phases of develop- ment in, 83-85; resolution in, 76-77,
84-88, 223
Antigone, 57-60, 62, 64-65, 72, 75-79,
8I-83, 86, 88, 94, I26, 223 Antigone (Sophocles), 58, 59, 60 Anxiety, I83-87; castration, 2ü-2I, 63,
65-67, 69 Arístotle, 82 Arnold, Karen,
I62 Assertiveness, I2, I57, I77, I82
Assessment: in feminist therapy, 2I5
I9; language of, I65-70; of women's disorders, I65-70 Athletes, female, I09-
I0, 20I Athletic programs, I56-57, 20ü-
20I Attractiveness, female:
advertisements
and, I07-8, II3; body as combat zone and, I95--97; body as presentation in,
I93-95; dieting and, I97-20I; earing
Attractiveness, female (continued) disorders and, I92; focus on, I8I-82; hypervisibility and, 99-I00; impor- tance of, 55, 56, 7o-7I, 76, 8I, 84, 9o-
9I, 96-97, I03-II, I44--45, I78, I79,
I92-93, 2I6-I7; life or death and, 20I-
2; parts vs. whole and, 202, 203-4;
rape and, I46;self-esteem and, I59,
I60, I9I-93; self-evaluation of, I00,
II2; toys and, I08; training for, 9o-9I,
94-95, I94-95; vulnerability and, 97-
98, I04-5
Attractiveness, male, 93; self-esteem and,
I60; self-evaluation of, II2
Attribution, I58
Australia, I35-36
B
Balmary, M., 60
Bambara, Toni Cacle,
7-8 Barbie dolls, I08
Bargaining, 222 Barr,
Roseanne, 96 Barry,
Rick, I36 Bart,
Pauline, 3, I37
Bateson, Gregory, 23-
24, 29, 69 Bateson,
Mary Catherine, 69
Becker, Emest, 30,
I35, I53 Behaviorism,
I2-I4 Behavior modification, I2-I4
Belk, Russell, I09, 113
Betz, Nancy, I76
Blindness, oedipal, 63,
64, 75, I59, I62
Bodichon, Barbara, 62
Body building, I98
Body image, I76 Bonding:
female, 94-95; male, 224
Borderline Personality
Disorders, I87
Boundaries: definition of,
93; lack of male, 6I-67,
7o-74, I32-37; limits vs.,
I3I; permeable, of women, I25, I37-47
Bozarth, Glenn, I08
Branch, C. H. Hardin, I9I
Breasts, 79, I00, II2, I45,
I53, I98, 206 Brickman,
J., I46 Brodsky, Annette,
3 Broverman, l. K., 2I
Brown, Laura, I68 Bruch, Hilde, 208 Bulimarexia,
I90 Bulimia, I90, I92
Burton, Gabrielle, 89, II2
Bush, George, 40
E
Caplan, Paula, I68
Careers: dress-for-success concept and, I03-4; of mothers, 34 Carli, Linda,
I57 Castration anxiety, 2o-
2I, 63, 65-67, 79 Celibacy,
8I, I43 Chaiken, Shelly,
II0 Chalice and the Blade, The (Eisler), 96n Chassegeut-Smirgel, Janine, I07 Chernin, Kim,
203, 204, 207 Chesler, Phyllis, 3 Chicago, Judy,
I38, 208-9 Child-rearing
arrangements: in the colo- nial U.S., II7; gender training in,
I2()-25; male attitudes to, I35, I36; in nuclear family, II5-I7, I28-30; other types of, II7; parenting by men, I2I-
23, I28-29, I35, I57-58; shift in, II9
China, I5I Chocolate, 207 Chodorow, Nancy, I6, 26-27, 6I, II4,
II6-20, I22, I23, I27, I29, I54
Circumcísion, I35-36 Classical conditioning, I2-I4 Class identity, 50,
I55, I70, I74 Clínica] psychology, I9-22
Clitoridectomy, 79 Clítoris, 3, 79
Clothing, 94, I03-6, I09, I8I, I94
Clotilde, I00 Co-dependency, 29, I6I,
I8I Cognitive therapy, 28 Cohen, Richard, 80 Competency: of men, I94; of women,
I57, I58, I79 Conscious, I5, 2I4-I5
Consciousness raising, 3, 25, 2I4-I5,
222-23 Contempt, of men for women,
4o-4I Control: anorexia nervosa and,
I9I,
I92; of body, I94-95; depression and,
2I8-I9; eating disorders and, 205-6;
locus of, 97-98; responsibility and,
I6I, 2I8
Coopersmith, Stanley, I55, I59-60
Cosby, Bill, I36 Cosmetics, I04, I94
Cosmetic surgery, I04, I94, I95, 206
Countertransference, I6 Couples therapy,
I36-37, 2I6-I7 Creon, 58-59, 63, 64, 77
Crombie, Gail, I24 Crying, I05 Culture:
as context, 3()-32; defined, 30;
psychology of the body and, 48-5
D
Dally, Peter, I96 d'Andrea, Novella, 70
Daughters: antigonal psychology of,
75-86; eating disorders of, 204-6;
father-daughter incest, 58-6I, 62-63,
65-67, 75-77, I42-43, I44; fathers and development of, 92-94; sexualization by father, 58-6I, 65-69. See also Women
de Beauvoir, Simone, 3I
de Lauretis, Teresa, 2I5
Denial, 7I, 222
Denial of Death (Becker), 30
Dependency, 29, I6I, I8I, I86
Depression, II3, I7I-83; control and,
2I8-I9; disconnection and detachment in, I75-79; false responsibility and,
I8()-8I; gender identity and, I73-74;
loss and, I82-83; mastery and, I76,
I78-79; negative evaluations of women and, I79-80; shame and, I8I-82; social ínequíties and, I74-75; symptoms of,
I7I, I77
Descartes, René, I9, I49, I53
Desensirization, I2
Detachment, I75-79
Deutsch, Francine, I58
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM): DSM-II, I66; DSM-III, I68; DSM-IIIR, I66, I68, I84, I86-87
Dickinson, Janice, I00
Dieting, I92-94; mother-daughter rela- tionship and, 204-6; as normal eating for women, I97-20I; "thin within" approach to, 203-4
Dimen, Muríel, I07
"Dinner Party, The" (Chícago), 208-9
Dínnerstein, Dorothy, II4
Díotíma of Mantineia, 82
Disconnection, I75-79
Dissociation, I87-80
Double description, 53-54
Downs, A. Chris, I07
Dreams, I49
Dress-for-success concept, I03-4
DSM-IIIR (Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual), I66, I68, I84, I86-87
E
Eating: dieting as normal, I97-20I; fe- male obsession with, I97
Eating disorders, 83, 84, II3; anorexia
nervosa, I90--92, I96, 208; bulimarexia,
I90; bulimia, I90, I92; disowning of physical and, 203; mother-daughter relationship and, 204-6
Eder, Donna, I57
Education, I50; academic achievement and,
I96; female mastery and, I6263; women and, I77, I78
Eichenbaum, Luise, 82, I54
Eisler, Riane, 96n
Ekman, Paul, 47
Electra complex, 6I
Emotion, psychology of the body and, 46-
54
Enmeshment, 2, I7-I8, I29-30
Entitlement, 62, 67,70-73, 84, 87, 93; of fathers, I96; male fear of loss of, I40; male lack of boundaries and, 6I-67, 70-
74, I32-37; rape as, 65-66, 8I; re- linquishment of, 73-75
Epistemology: defined, I0; feminist, 2436,
2I0; masculinist, I0, II-23; meaning of meaning and, I0, 23-24; prefeminist, I0-23
Erhardt, Anke, 38
Erikson, Erik, I37
Esquire, I09
Eteocles, 58
Ethnic identity, 85, I0I, I04
Eurman, Linda J., I9I
Exercise, 87-88, I56-
57, I94, I98, I9920I
Eyes, II3
F
Facial expression, 47, I58, I78
Fallon, April, II2
False self, I53
Family therapy, 2, I6-I8, 2I-22; active role of father and, I29; relationship role of women and, I26-27
Family Therapy Networker, I05-6
Fathers: anorexogenic, I96; as child- rearing experts, I7-I8, I29; development of daughters and, 92-94; entitlement of,
I96; gender stereotypes and, 45; incest with daughters, 58-6I, 62-63, 65-67, 75-
77, I42-43, I44; jealousy of children and, II6; mirroring by, I07; oedipal psychology and, 6I-75; parenting by,
I2I-23, I28-29, I35, I57-58;
sexualization of women by, 58-6I, 65-
69. See also Men
Fear: anxiety and, I83-85; phobias and,
I85-86
Female bonding, 94-95
Feminist epistemology, 24-36, 2I0
Feminist psychology: clinical psychology and, I9-22; context and, 30--32;· critique of feminist epistemology and,
24-27; critique of masculinist episte-
mology and, I0--23; meaning-symbol- ism and, 32-36, 2II; object-relations approach, I6, 26-27, 56-57, 6I, I06-7,
II4, I53, 204; oedipal psychology and,
6I-75; toward a feminist epistemology in, 27-36
Feminist therapy, 26-27, 2I0--25; artificial
separation of mind and body and, 2I9-
2I; assessment in, 2I5-I9; behaviorism and, I2-I4; consciousness in, 2I4-I5; invisibility of women and, 2II-I2; lost sense of self and esteem and, 22I-23; meaning in, 32-36, 2II, 2I2-I4; model for, 2II-I2; origins of, 3-4; patient- therapist relationship in, 2I2; psychoanalysis and, I4-I6, I53
Feminist Therapy Institute, 4
Fetishistic male desire, 56
Fodor, Iris, I86
Food, I57; female obsession with, I97; gender identity and, I07, II0--II; sex and, 207-9. See also Eating disorders
Freire, Paulo, 2I4
Freud, Anna, 60, 77, I0I
Freud, Mathilde, 60
Freud, Sigmund, 3,20--2I, 30,60--6I, 62,
63, 65, 67, 70, I0I, I50, 223; on anat- omy as destiny, 42, 54; antigonal psy- chology and, 75, 76; female orgasm and,
80; on female superego, I80; oedipal conflict and, 57-6I, 62, 63, 65, 67, 70; psychoanalysis and, I4-I6
Frieze, l. H., 22
Frigidity, 3-4, 80, I66-67
Frye, Marilyn, 224
Fryer, Maury, I58 Fugue state, I8
G
Galenson, Eleanor, 79
Gardner, Caro!Brooks, I38
Garfinkel, Harold, 38n, II2
Gellner, Ernest, 24
Gender identity, 26-27; anatomy as des tiny and, 42-46, 54; dichotomy in, 38-
42, I07, I68; enforcement of, 3942;
establishment of, 42-43; food and, I07,
II0--II; magazines and, I09; nature of,
43; in preverbal period, I20--2I; psychoanalysis and, I5I6; psychology of the body and, 4654; self and, I49-52;
self-esteem and, I55-64; sexuality and,
55-57; sex vs., 38, 4I; stereotyping of,
45, I2I-22, I55; television and, I07-8,
II7; toys and, I08; training for, I20--25
Gender identity, female: appearance as basis of, 90--9I; depression and, I7374; fragmented sense of, I87-89; hy- pervisibility and, 87, 99-I00; invisibility and, 87, I00--I02; mourning losses and,
222; permeability of boundaries and,
I37-47; ,prism of self-image and, I06-
II; seeing self from outside in, I03-6
Gender identity, male, 39-40; lack of boundaries and, 6I-67, 70--74, I32-37
General systems theory, 34
Genitalia, 3, 38-39, 79, I0I, I35-36
Gestalt psychology,
28, 204 Gilligan, Caro!, II4, I25-26,
I54 Girard, René, 66
Girgus, Joan, I76
Gold, Dolores, I24
Goldman, Emma, 85
Goldstein, Rebecca,
I52 Gomez, Joan,
I% Gondolf, Edward,
8I Gornick, Vivían,
I38 Gossip, I78
Grandiosity, infantile, 62-65,7I-
75, 93, 22I Grief,
222 Griffin, Susan,
37 Griffith-Joyner, Florence, I09-I0,
20I Gurin, Patricia,
I54
H
Haemon, 59 Hair, 94, I03, I04, I08, II3
Haley, Jay, I7-I8 Halpert, F. E., I09-I0
Hansen, Patti, I00 Harrison, Sheila K.,
I07 Heartbreak Hotel (Burton), 89, II2
Heíghtened vigilance, I39, I83-87
Heilbrun, Carolyn, 88 Heisenberg
Uncertainty Principie, 9 Herman, Judith,
I0I, I26 High-heeled shoes, 56, 97-98,
I03 Hoffman, Lynn, I86 Homosexuality,
I0I, I68; eating dis
orders and, I9I; parenting and, II9. See also Lesbianism Horney, Karen,
68, I0I Humiliation, 202;
eating and, I9I; gender ídentity and, 4I, I23-24. See also Shame Humor, I58
Hypervisibílíty, 87, 99-I00,
202, 203 Hysteria, I6
I
If Women Counted
(Waring), I64n, 223
Impotence, 80, I66-67
Incest: father-daughter,
58-63, 65-67, 75-77,
I42-43, I44; sensitivity to aggressor and, I26
Indeterminate
observer, 82, I08, II2,
I75, I76, I78, I88,
2I0, 2I2, 2I4, 220
India, I5I
Individuality, I36,
I49-5I lnfibulation,
79 lnitiation rites: female,
I42-45; male, I35-36 lntimacy: orgasm vs.,
I45; violence and, I26 lnvisibility, of women,
I9, 3I-32, 7677, 8(-
8I, 87-88, I0(-I02,
I34, I38, I76, I77,
I89, 2II-I2 "Invisible Woman, The" (Morgan), I0I-2 Islam,
69 Ismene, 59, 88 lsolation, I50
Index
J Legs, II3
Jacklin, Carol, I78 James, William, I59-60
James-Lange theory of emotion, 47-48
Japan, I33, I5I, I9I Jewelry, I04
Jocasta,58, 62,63, 64, 65, 75-76, 78, 82,
86, 88, II6, 205, 208, 22I Johnson, Virginia, 3 Jordan, Judith, I54 Judaism, 69
Jung, Emma, 77
K
Kagan, Jerome, I55 Keller, Evelyn Fox, I3,
I9 Kennedy, John F., 85 Kessler, Ronald,
I74 Klein, Melanie, I0I, I53 Koedt, Anne,
3 Kohut, Heinz, I53 Kovlack, D., I46
Kübler-Ross, Elizabeth, 222
Laius, King, 58, 59, 60, 64, 66, 75
Language, limits of, 6-8, 29, 45, I66-70
Lerman, Hannah, 3, I87
Lesbianism, 8I, I0I,
II9, I39. See also Homosexuality Lewis, Helen Block, I0I Limits,
I3I, I37-38 Lincoln, Abraham, 29, 33 Locus of control, 97-98 Logical empiricism, 23 Logical
positivism, I3, I4 Lorde, Audre, 87 Loss: depression and, I82-83; male fear of, I40; mourning and, 222
Love's Executioner (Yalom, 7 7I
Luria, Zella, 45
M
Maccoby, Eleanor, I78
Mademoiselle magazine, I09
Magazines, 2, 72, I09, I95
Mahler, Margaret, I06
Makeup, I00, I03-6, I08, I09
Male bonding, 224
Manic depression, I74
Marriage, I49; depression and, I82-83; female preference for, I6I; protection of, in cohabitation, I4I; rape in, I3233, I4I,
I43, I44
Mascara, I05
Masculinist epistemology, II-23; clini- cal theories and methods of, II-22; defined, I0
Maslow, Abraham, I53
Masters, William, 3
LeBaron, Dorothy, I58 Masterson, James,
Mastery, I62-M, I76, I78-79
Masturbation, I45, 207
Matriarchy, 224
Mattering maps, I52, I63,
I78, I92, 2II
McGrath, Ellen, I74
McLuhan, Marshall, 3I
Mead, Margaret, 80
Meaning, 2I0; of experience in therapy,
2I2-I4; in feminist psychology, 3236, 2II,
Meta-communication, 23–
24
Miller, Alice, I06, I53
Miller, Jean Baker, 9I, I27, I54
Millman, Marcia, 203
Milis College, I63
Mind-Body Problem, The (Goldstein), I52
Mintz, Laurie,
I76 Minuchin, Salvador, I7-I8
Mirroring, I06-7
Misogyny, I7, 26-27, 38, 40, 7Q-
7I, 79, 208
Models, fashion, 2, I00
Moldawsky, Stanley, III
Molestation, 8I-82, I42-45;
identification with aggressor and,
I26; multiple-personality disorder
and, I88; in nuclear family,
II8; shame and, I05
Money, John, 38,4I
Morgan, Robín, I0I-2, I33
Mother-child relationship: adult men and, II5-I6; in nuclear families, II5-I7
Mothers: antigonal psychology of, 7586; eating disorders of daughters and,
204-6; employment of, 34;
enmeshed, 2, I7-I8, I29-
30; female separation from,
82; gender stereotypes and,
45; mirroring by, I06-7;
oedipal conflict and, 57-58,
6I-67, 204-6; relationship with daughters, 64-65, 75-
86, 95, 204-6; role of, II5-
I7; schizophrenogenic, 2.
See also Women
Mourning,
222
Multiple- personality disorder,
47, II3,
I87-89
Musa, Kathleen,
II2, I60
N
Names, women and, I0I, I38,
I6I, I77
Nathan, Sharon G., 67
Neighbors, Harold, I74
New Guinea, I35
lndex
Noble, Sally, I24 Nose jobs, I04
Nuclear family, II5-I7, I28-30,
223; father as primary caregiver
in, I22; sexual assault in, 58--6I,
62-63, 65-67, 75-77, II8, I42-
43, I44. See also Fathers;
Mothers; Parenting
O
Obesity, 7I, 96, 206
Objectification, of women by
men, 62, 63, 68-69, 85-86 Object–
relations psychology, 26-27, 6I;
female vs. male, II4; feminist
psychology and, I6;
fragmentation of self and, 204;
mirroring in, I06-7; self in, I53;
sexuality and, 56-57 Obscene
phone calls, 93 Oedipal
psychology: awareness of, in
therapy, 2I()-25; blindness and,
63, 64, 75, I59, I62; feminist
psychology and, 6I-75; Freud's
view of, 57-63, 65, 67, 70;
mothering in, 204-6; phases of
development and, 72-73;
psychoanalysis and, I5-I6;
resolution of, 62, 74-76, 87, 22I,
223-24; of women, 76 Oedipus,
57-79, 83, 94, II6 Oedipus at
Colonus (Sophocles),. 58-59
Oedipus Rex (Sophodes), 58
Operant conditioning, I2-I4
Orbach, Susie, 82, I54 Orgasm,
I09,I45, I66-67; faking of, 80;
female, 79-8I; types of, 3, 80
P
Pagels, Heinz, 49 Parenting:
depression and, I83; homo- sexual,
II9; male vs. female,
I2I-25, I28-29. See also
Fathers; Mothers Pelops,
King, 59 Penis, 3, 79, I0I,
I35-36 Penis envy, I5, 67
Perpetua! vigilance, I39,
I83-87 Person, Ethel,111
Personality: changes in, I55;
multiple, 47, II3, I87-89
Phallic symbols, 79
Phallocentrism, I5
Phenomenology, 52-54
Phobias, I86-87; behaviorism and,
I2; family therapy and,
I8; psychoanalysis and, I5-I6
Physical abuse: multiple–
personality disorder and,
I88, I89. See also Rape
Playboy magazine, 2, I09
Pliner, Patricia, II0
Pollack, Susan, I25-26
Polynices, 58,
59 Pornography, I8I
Post- Traumatic Stress
Disorder (PTSD), I84-85, I87
Power: differential, male vs. female,
3940; gender differences
and, I7-I8; of male therapist over female patient, 3; sex and, 65, 66, 7I-72, 73, 80,
I46-47 Prefeminist epistemology, I()-23 Pre- oedipal period, 6I, 76 Pre- orgasmic therapy, 3-4, 79-80
Preverbal period, I2()-2I
Projective identification, I6
Provenzano, Frank, 45
Psychoanalysis, I4-I6, I53
Psychoneuroimmunology, 9, 47
Psychopathology, in women, 3-4, 5, I65-70
Psychosexual development, I5-I6
R
Racial identity, 34, 50, 85, I04, I55,
I74 Rank, Otto, 75 Rape, 2I, 53, 65, 66,
8I, I80, I84-85,
2I2-I3; attractiveness of women and,
I46; gang bang, I43-44, 2I9; as male
fantasy, I46; marital, I32-33, I4I, I43,
I44; shame and, I05
Rational-emotive therapy, 28 Reagan,
Ronald, 85 Rebellion, adolescent, 9I
Rejection, maJe fear of, I40 Relatedness:
depression and loss of,
I8I; of men and women, II5-20, I27;
need for, and depression, I76-77; as
safety for women, I38-40; self-concept
and, II9-20; self-esteem and, I6)-62
Repression, 30--3I. See also
Oedipal psychology
Responsibility: control
and, I6I, 2I8;
false, I80--8I Rich,
Adrienne, 88 Rivera,
Geraldo, I00 Roach,
Mary, II2, I60 Rogers,
Carl, I53 Roiphe,
Herman, 79 Romanía,
IIO Rosewater, Lynne,
I68 Rozin, Raul, II2
Rubín, Gayle, 38, 4I
Rubín, Jeffrey, 45
Rudnytsky, P. L., 58
Russell, Bertrand, 20
S
Safety, female concern for, I24-25, I27-
28, I38-40
Satir, Virginia, I7
Schizophrenia, I70
Schizophrenogenic mothers, 2
Schulman, Joan, I4I
Searles, Harold, I6, 92-93
Seduction hypothesis, 59-60
Self, I49-54; in context, I54-55; as
fem-inine construct, I5I-52; interrelation of,
I5I; lost sense of, 22I-23; as masculine
construct, 149-51; psychological
approach to, I52-53; as separare and
individual, 149-51
Self-actualization, 153
Self-concept: self-esteem vs., 156;
separateness and individuality of, 149-51
Self-concept, female, 95-III;
central components of, 98; fragmentation of,
III-I3; male vs., I23-24; personal control and, 97-98; physical appearance and, 90--99;
relatedness and, II9-20
Self-esteem: defined, I55;
feminist ther- apy and, 22I-22;
male vs. female, II9-
20; masculinity as norm in, I55