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E-8. For additional guidance on AMD, refer to JP 3-01 and JP 3-01.5.
NUCLEAR, BIOLOGICAL,
AND CHEMICAL DEFENSE
E-9. NBC defense measures protect against attack by NBC weapons and provide the capability to sustain operations in NBC environments using the principles of avoidance of NBC hazards, particularly contamination, protection of individuals and units from unavoidable NBC hazards, and decontamination.
E-10. Commanders at all levels are responsible for the following:
• Ensuring all personnel are proficient in the individual and collective NBC defense skills required to carry out their respective missions in an NBC environment.
• Conducting collective training designed to ensure units can execute their mission-essential tasks in an NBC environment.
• Providing chemical defense equipment (CDE) to units and individuals.
At the minimum, ensure individuals and units have adequate stocks of protection, detection, and decontamination equipment. Commanders should continuously monitor CDE stocks to ensure they do not fall below minimum levels established by the JFLCC.
• Implementing the Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Warning and Reporting System.
• In accordance with the policy of each service, maintaining a well-trained core of NBC defense specialists and service-specific NBC
defense infrastructure prepared to assist units to operate effectively in an NBC environment.
• Providing NBC intelligence to higher, adjacent, subordinate, and attached units.
• Developing and implementing automatic procedures for the
verification of enemy use of NBC. Being prepared to provide next higher headquarters with verification of enemy first use of NBC
weapons in their AO.
• Developing and implementing NBC reconnaissance and
decontamination plans. Being prepared to develop and implement smoke plans in the event smoke generator units are placed in support of unit operations.
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E-11. Personnel having staff responsibility for NBC defense matters at all levels within each component will—
• Advise the commander and staff on all aspects of NBC operations.
• Provide input on all plans and orders.
• Prepare, receive, collect, evaluate, and distribute NBC reports.
E-12. The NBC threat warning system is employed by the JFLCC to provide component commanders with information from which they can establish appropriate unit defense measures. This system consolidates the most current intelligence estimates regarding the enemy's offensive capabilities, intent, and activities, and recommends measures to be employed to combat this threat.
• The JFLCC J-3 establishes the NBC THREATCON in coordination with the J-2 and JFLCC NBC defense point of contact. Once
established, the THREATCON is disseminated via J-2 and J-3
channels.
• Actions associated with each THREATCON are recommended, not directive in nature. They are based on current NBC defense doctrine but should be assessed in context of the unit's situation and mission.
• NBC THREATCONs are not synonymous with the mission-oriented protective posture (MOPP) levels. Threat is only one of the factors commanders consider when determining the appropriate MOPP level.
E-13. The JFLCC, in coordination with and approval from the JFC, establishes close relationships with US departments and agencies within their sphere of C2. Networks are established with diplomatic missions and country teams within the AO. These sources may provide valuable intelligence on the likelihood of enemy intent to introduce NBC weapons. They may also produce data on the political and psychological implications, as well as military aspects of effectively countering NBC weapons beyond that provided by intelligence sources subordinate to the JFLCC.
E-14. For additional guidance on NBC defense, refer to JP 3-11.
ANTITERRORISM MEASURES
E-15. In AT, force protection is the security program designed to protect Service members, civilian employees, family members, facilities, and equipment, in all locations and situations. This is accomplished through planned and integrated application of combating terrorism, physical security, operations security (OPSEC), and personal protective services and is supported by CI and other security programs.
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E-16. To meet the terrorist threat, an integrated and comprehensive JFLCC
AT program must be developed and implemented. AT measures are intended to identify and reduce the risk of loss or damage of potential targets and to develop procedures to detect and deter planned terrorist actions before they take place, thereby reducing the probability of a terrorist event. The measures also encompass the reactive or tactical stage of an incident, including direct contact with terrorists to end the incident with minimum loss of life and property. For assets under the control of the JFLCC, an appropriate division of responsibilities is coordinated with the JFC.
E-17. The AT program stresses deterrence of terrorist incidents through preventive measures. The program addresses the following:
• Threat analysis.
• Installation or unit criticality and vulnerability assessments.
• Threat assessment based on the threat analysis and friendly vulnerabilities.
• Information security.
• OPSEC.
• Personnel security.
• Physical security.
• Crisis management planning.
• Employment of tactical measures to contain or resolve terrorist incidents.
• Continuous training and education of personnel.
• Public affairs planning.
E-18. For additional guidance on AT, refer to JP 3-07.2.
DEFENSIVE INFORMATION OPERATIONS
E-19. Defensive IO integrate and coordinate protection and defense of information and information systems (which include C4 systems, sensors, weapon systems, infrastructure systems, and decision-makers). Defensive IO
is an integral part of overall force protection. Defensive IO is conducted through information assurance, physical security, OPSEC, counter-deception, counter-psychological operations, CI, EW, and special information operations.
Defense IO personnel coordinate defense IO objectives to support the JFLCC’s intent and concept of operations.
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E-20. Four interrelated processes comprise defensive IO—
• Information environment protection.
• Attack detection.
• Capability restoration.
• Attack response.
E-21. The JFLCC is responsible for effectively integrating defensive IO. An IO officer should be designated. This officer or an assistant interfaces with the joint force IO cell to provide component expertise and acts as a liaison for IO
matters between the joint force and the component. This representative also may serve as a member of one or more of the supporting organizations of IO
(e.g., the special technical operations cell).
E-22. For additional guidance on defensive IO, refer to JP 3-13.
PHYSICAL
SECURITY MEASURES
E-23. Physical security measures deter, detect, and defend against threats from terrorists, criminals, and unconventional forces. Measures include fencing and perimeter standoff space, lighting and sensors, vehicle barriers, blast protection, intrusion detection systems and electronic surveillance, and access control devices and systems.
E-24. Physical security measures, like any defense, should be overlapping and deployed in depth.
E-25. For additional guidance on physical security measures, refer to JP 3-10
and JP 3-10.1.
OPERATIONS
SECURITY MEASURES
E-26. Effective OPSEC measures minimize the signature of JFLCC activities, avoid set patterns, and employ deception when patterns cannot be altered.
Although strategic OPSEC measures are important, the most effective methods manifest themselves at the lowest level.
E-27. Terrorist activity is discouraged by varying patrol routes, staffing guard posts and towers at irregular intervals, and conducting vehicle and personnel searches and identification checks on a set but unpredictable pattern.
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E-28. Law enforcement aids in force protection through the prevention, detection, response, and investigation of crime. A cooperative police program involving military and civilian/host-nation law enforcement agencies directly contributes to overall force protection.
E-29. Personnel security measures range from general measures of AT to specialized personal protective services. They include commonsense rules of on- and off-duty conduct, use of protective clothing and equipment, use of hardened vehicles and facilities, employment of dedicated guard forces, and use of duress alarms.
E-30. For additional guidance on OPSEC, refer to JP 3-54.
PLANNING
E-31. The JFLCC must address force protection during all phases of deliberate and crisis action planning. All aspects of force protection must be considered and threats minimized to ensure maximum operational success.
The JFLCC and subordinate commanders must implement force protection measures appropriate to anticipated terrorist threats.
E-32. Supported and supporting commanders must ensure that deploying forces receive thorough briefings concerning the threat and personnel protection requirements prior to and upon arrival in the theater of operations.
E-33. In addition, the JFLCC and subordinate commanders must evaluate the deployment of forces and each COA for the impact of terrorist organizations supporting the threat and those not directly supporting the threat but seeking to take advantage of the situation.
E-34. For additional guidance on force protection and related matters and considerations, refer to risk management and OPSEC guidance in JP 3-07.2.
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Appendix F
Notional Headquarters Organization
GENERAL
F-1. The JFLC command staff is organized based upon the mission and forces assigned. Since formation of a new headquarters would be very time consuming and inefficient, the staff organization will most likely be based upon an existing command element. The most likely candidates are an Army corps, a MAGTF (most likely a MEF), Army or Marine Service component command or, when separately constituted, a numbered army.
F-2. Augmentees from the other Services are integrated into the core staff to form the JFLC command staff. Ideally, the JFLCC and his deputy would come from different Services. This construct should be replicated throughout the staff leadership to ensure an understanding of the distinct capabilities of each Service to optimize employment of the forces. Figure F-1 depicts a notional staff organization.
STAFF
F-3. While Figure F-1 depicts a notional staff organization, it is not prescriptive. The practical assumption is that the actual staff organization is based on the staff organization of the corps, MAGTF, or army that forms the core of the staff with some staff members being dual-hatted. Therefore, the actual location of certain sections (i.e., engineer) and the specific special staff vary according to the organization of the core staff and METT-T.
Others
JFLCC
SJA
as Required
Deputy
J-1
J-4
J-2
Chief of Staff
J-5
J-3
J-6
Figure F-1. Notional JFLCC Organization
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JFLCC Handbook
STAFF RESPONSIBILITIES
F-4. The J-1 is the principal staff assistant for personnel service support and personnel administration. The majority of personnel and administrative actions is handled via the Service component G-1 through the JFC J-1. The JFC J-1 is responsible for monitoring current and projected unit strengths by daily personnel status, casualty, and critical reports of personnel shortages.
The JFC J-1 analyzes these reports and determines any effects they would have on land operations. These reports would be routinely provided from the ARFOR and MARFOR G-1s to the JFC with copy furnished to the JFLCC
J-1. Note: The JFLCC J-1 is not in the formal personnel reporting chain. A notional J-1 organization is provided in Figure F-2.
J-1
Plans
Operations
Personnel
Administration
Safety
Figure F-2. Notional JFLCC J-1 Staff Section
F-5. The primary role of the J-2 is to provide intelligence support to the JFLCC. A notional organization of the JFLCC J-2 staff is detailed in Figure F-3. The following intelligence-related actions are the responsibility of the J-2
staff:
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J-2
Plans
Operations
Interrogation
National Intelligence
Support Team
Captured
Material Exploitation
Intelligence Center
Special Security Office
Targeting
Meterological and
Disclosure Cell
Oceanographic
Figure F-3. Notional JFLCC J-2 Staff Section
• Maintain an intelligence watch in the operations and intelligence (O&I) center.
• Coordinate and maintain technical control over specialty, multi-disciplined intelligence and CI support to the commander and
subordinate elements.
• Establish an all-source intelligence cell in, or adjacent to, the O&I center. The all-source cell is supported, as required, by coalition intelligence assets (if available) that remain under national control.
• Complete an initial intelligence estimate and maintain updates as required by the operational situation.
• Establish and maintain an intelligence collection management and RFI management system.
• Complete coalition all-source analysis and dissemination.
• Establish and maintain adversary and hostile databases to support operations and planning.
• Act as central point of contact for RFIs from subordinate staffs.
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• Provide higher headquarters joint intelligence center with a prioritized list of RFIs. Track outstanding RFIs and ensure answers are directed correctly when received from supporting agencies.
• Assign and task intelligence resources within forces made available.
• Establish a targeting cell within the all-source cell as necessary to support the component deep operations cell.
• Assist other staff in developing and refining essential elements of information.
• Plan and coordinate CI (including combating terrorism) operations.
• Develop Annex B (Intelligence) to the (land forces) OPORD.
• Provide regular intelligence summaries and reports, per higher direction, to the following:
Higher headquarters (JFC).
Coalition national headquarters and other addressees designated by them (if coalition operation).
Adjacent and subordinate units.
Any subordinate specialty units.
• Maintain overall security of the O&I center. Tasks critical to operational security include:
Maintaining access rosters from all coalition/US units for all individuals authorized access to the O&I center.
Exercising OPCON of security guards.
Ensuring perimeter security of the O&I center.
• Maintain digital topographic data to support the common operating picture and provide terrain analysis in support of the military decision making process.
F-6. The J-3 is responsible for the coordination, integration, and synchronization of all operations. The J-3 staff assists the commander in the discharge of assigned responsibility for the direction and control of operations, beginning with planning and follow-through until specific operations are completed. The flexibility and range of modern forces require close coordination and integration for effective unity of effort. A notional J-3
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staff organization is depicted in Figure F-4. The staff’s responsibilities include, but are not limited to, the following tasks:
• Organizing the operational aspects of the headquarters.
• Recommending JFLC command organization.
• Recommending ROEs.
• Developing short-term joint plans and exercising staff supervision or cognizance over the conduct of the following:
Operational land combat operations.
Rear area protection and security.
IOF, to include C2 warfare.
Antifratricide measures.
Civil-military operations.
Combat search and rescue to include the establishment of the
component rescue coordination center and the establishment of the joint search and rescue center if that responsibility is not assigned to another service component.
A2C2.
Reconnaissance.
Humanitarian assistance.
Mine warfare operations (land).
Disaster relief operations.
F-7. If established, J-3 Plans is responsible for long-range plans.
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J-3
Current
J-3/-5 Future
Operations
Operations
Training/
DOCC
Information
Exercise
FFCC
Operations
0-24 Hours
24-96 Hours
Aviation
Joint Operations
Target
Center
Development
Civil-Military
Operations
Joint Search and
Rescue/Rescue
Coordination Center
Liaison Officer
Nuclear Biological
Chemical
Air Defense Artillery
Psychological
Operations
Special Operations
Rules of
Engagement Cell
Figure F-4. Notional JFLCC J-3 Staff Section
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F-8. The JFLCC J-4 formulates and implements logistics plans within the AO
for forces assigned or attached to the land force. The JFLCC J-4 oversees the implementation of these plans by monitoring the logistics requirements of the JFLCC components and performs an analysis for logistical impacts on land operations. A notional JFLCC J-4 staff organization is depicted in Figure F-5.
The following actions are the responsibility of the J-4:
• Monitors and coordinates the logistics functions and requirements of the JFLCC.
• Advises JFLCC concerning logistics matters affecting joint, combined, and coalition support to land operations.
• Prepares and/or assists the Service component G-4s on the concept of logistics support for the AO and the logistics annexes of JFLCC
OPLANs and OPORDs.
• Recommends to JFLCC, within the guidelines established by the JFC, priorities for the allocation of logistics resources among assigned forces within the AO.
• Participates in joint/multinational logistics boards and centers that directly impact on land operations.
• Maintains liaison with the other JFLCC staff, agencies, and JFC
counterparts to keep abreast of the current logistics, operational, and intelligence situations.
J-4
Plans
Operations
Supply/Service
Movement Center
Explosive Ordnance
Maintenance
Transportation Board
Detachment
Water
Ammunition
Material Management
Mortuary Affairs
Figure F-5. Notional J-4 Staff Section
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F-9. JFLCC J-5 operational planning addresses activities required for conducting land force operations. A notional JFLCC J-5 staff is depicted at Figure F-6. J-5 responsibilities for the employment and sustainment of land forces include:
• Employment planning prescribing how to apply force/forces to attain specified military objectives.
• Sustainment planning directed toward providing and maintaining levels of personnel, materiel, and consumables required to sustain the planned levels of combat activity for the estimated duration and at the desired level of intensity.
J-5
Deployment Support
Joint Planning Group
Figure F-6. Notional J-5 Staff Section
F-10. The J-6 staff provides theaterwide voice, data, and message connectivity between all components and MSCs/major subordinate elements. A notional J-6 staff organization is at Figure F-7. The following actions are the responsibility of the J-6:
• Advises the JFLCC and staff on all C4 matters.
• Maintains overview of operations that require recommending changes in action or operations, as required.
• Oversees the establishment of a systems control (SYSCON) center to support top-level network control and management within the
operations area and give direction and mission guidance.
• Prepares and reviews C4 plans, policies, annexes, and operating instructions, as required, for JFLCC operations.
• Requests the necessary communications support resources through the JFC J-6. Identifies C4 shortfalls to JFC J-6 for sourcing. Tasks subordinate components for C4 support as required.
• Plans, coordinates, and activates, when required, C4 facilities to provide rapid and reliable communications in support of the JFLCC.
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• Submits request for intertheater communications security package use to the JFC and issues communications security (COMSEC) call-out message.
• Validates, consolidates, prioritizes, and forwards ultra-high frequency tactical satellite requirements to the JFC for channel allocation.
• Establishes, supervises, and revises, as necessary, the communications operating procedures pertaining to the unique JFLCC communications facilities.
• Conducts COMSEC management for JFLCC.
• Ensures that sound COMSEC principles are adhered to and ensures in-place availability of essential operation codes, authentication systems, and keying materials.
• Receives, reviews, and advises the JFLCC of COMSEC monitoring reports provided by COMSEC monitoring teams.
• Develops unique JFLCC signal operating instructions requirements and provides to JFC for review/coordination prior to dissemination.
• Consolidates and validates radio frequency requirements from components/warfighting elements and coordinates requests with the JFC.
• Provides guidance and assistance to supporting and assigned forces on all telecommunications and data systems matters for which JFLCC J-6
has jurisdiction.
• Consolidates and validates unique JFLCC telecommunications service requirements from components and coordinates with the appropriate agencies.
• Directs and conducts exercise/contingency planning.
• Determines user communications requirements.
• Develops critical circuit lists.
• Develops prioritized listing of systems/circuits for initial activation and provides to the SYSCON center for activation management.
• Develops prioritized listing of systems/circuits for deactivation and provides to the SYSCON center for management.
• Maintains understanding of future planning direction.
• Coordinates commercial satellite rights for military systems.
F-9 <