(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-12. To prepare or improve facilities (e.g., airfields, landing zones, sea/river ports, transmodal transload areas) and routes (e.g., roads, railroads, canals, rivers) of travel for moving operational forces. This should also involve the JFLCC communicating expectations as far as the future use of these facilities.
If future offensive operations rely on the use of the enemy's railway system, then the JFLCC provides guidance on what needs to be preserved for future use yet still denying the present use to the enemy.
OP.1.4 PROVIDE OPERATIONAL COUNTERMOBILITY
(JFLCC INFLUENCES)
H-13. To delay, channel, or stop offensive air, land, and sea movement by enemy operational formations to help create positional advantage for friendly H-4
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joint and multinational operational forces and expose enemy COGs or high payoff targets to destruction.
OP.1.4.1 SELECT LOCATION FOR
OPERATIONAL OBSTACLES
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-14. Identify air, land, and sea sites for reinforcing or constructing obstacles to take maximum advantage of existing obstacles to form a system of obstacles (normally on a large scale) for operational effect, while providing flexibility of friendly movement and increasing the variety of obstacles the enemy must encounter (this would be integrated with the overall operational design). This implies that once the land force plan is developed, appropriate guidance in the form of designating obstacle zones and obstacle-free/restricted zones should be indicated (if appropriate) to ensure that subordinate tactical obstacle employment does not interfere with current or planned land force maneuver. (For example, the battle of Kursk involved an integrated defense by multiple corps and armies. This was accomplished not by simply coordinating the obstacle plans of subordinate formations but through operational design.)
OP.1.4.2 EMPLACE OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS
OF OBSTACLES
(JFLCC INFLUENCES)
H-15. Develop existing obstacle and reinforce terrain with countermobility means (e.g., minefields, demolition).
OP.1.5 CONTROL OPERATIONALLY
SIGNIFICANT AREA
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-16. The JFLCC should develop plans that dominate or control the physical environment whose possession provides either side an operational advantage, thus denying it to the enemy by either occupying the operationally key area or limiting enemy use or access to the environment or area. For an environment or area to be operationally key, its dominance or control must achieve operational or strategic results or deny same to the enemy. In MOOTW, control of operationally significant areas also pertains to assisting a friendly country in populace and resource control.
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OP.2 OPERATIONAL FIREPOWER
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-17. The JFLCC's targeting guidance and recommendations concerning the application of operational fires through all available means and systems in support of land force operations will be a significant input in the effort to develop an integrated multi-dimensional/multi-medium attack of the enemy's COGs and shaping of the battlefield. The JFLCC is concerned with the application of firepower and nonlethal means to achieve a decisive operational impact (may be decisive in itself or may contribute to decisive results in synchronization with other operational means). Operational firepower (e.g., all types of ordnance, bombs, rockets, missiles, artillery) is by its nature primarily a joint/multinational activity or task.
OP.2.1 PROCESS OPERATIONAL TARGETS
(JFLCC INFLUENCES)
H-18. The JFLCC should provide targeting guidance which aids in positively identifying and selecting land targets of major/decisive impact and match appropriate joint and multinational operational firepower. This is based on operational design and intended impact which influences the type of target to be attacked and the efforts of intelligence forces to produce these targets. The term target is used in its broadest sense to include targets of all types including targets in MOOTW, such as a target audience of psychological operations (PSYOP) in a counterinsurgency situation.
OP.2.1.1 SELECT OPERATIONAL
TARGETS FOR ATTACK
(JFLCC INFLUENCES)
H-19. Evaluate each operational target to determine if and when it should be attacked for optimum effect on enemy COGs and operational commander's intent.
OP.2.1.2 ALLOCATE JOINT/MULTINATIONAL
OPERATIONAL FIRES RESOURCES
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-20. Apportion operational firepower resources for the priority employment of joint and multinational firepower systems on operational targets according to the commander's plans and intent. Basically, the JFLCC focuses and H-6
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prioritizes the land component targeting effort and allocates the limited land component deep fires assets.
OP.2.2 ATTACK OPERATIONAL TARGETS
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-21. To enter into conflict with the enemy to destroy operational level targets (target sets) (targets which have operational impact) and to shape and control the tempo of campaigns using all available joint and multinational operational firepower assets (including naval, air, space, ground, long-range cannon, rockets and missile, SOF, conventional and special munitions, and PSYOP) against land targets having operational significance.
OP.2.2.1 CONDUCT LETHAL ATTACK FOR
OPERATIONAL TARGETS
(JFLCC INFLUENCES)
H-22. Engages operational land targets with available joint and multinational firepower delivery systems. To delay, disrupt, destroy, or degrade enemy operational forces in critical tasks and facilities (e.g., command, control, communications, and intelligence targets).
OP.2.2.1.1 CONDUCT ATTACK WITH
SURFACE/SUBSURFACE-BASED
OPERATIONAL FIREPOWER
(JFLCC INFLUENCES)
H-23. Employ surface and subsurface land- and sea-based joint and multinational operational fire to destroy, suppress, or neutralize enemy operational forces, fortifications, and critical tasks and facilities.
OP.2.2.1.2 CONDUCT ATTACK WITH
AEROSPACE OPERATIONAL FIREPOWER
(JFLCC INFLUENCES)
H-24. To engage joint/multinational air and/or space forces (including helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicle, space vehicles) operational fires to destroy, suppress, or neutralize enemy operational targets.
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OP.2.2.2 CONDUCT NONLETHAL
ATTACK ON OPERATIONAL TARGETS
(JFLCC INFLUENCES)
H-25. Engages operational land targets with joint and multinational means designed to destroy, impair, disrupt, or delay the performance of enemy operational forces, tasks, and facilities. The means include PSYOP, SOF, EW
(jamming), and other command and control warfare (C2W). PSYOP
propaganda and action are aimed at making the enemy believe he cannot win causing him to withdraw. PSYOP consolidation activities are planned activities in peacetime, MOOTW, and war directed at the civilian population located in areas under friendly control in order to achieve desired behavior which supports the military objectives and operational freedom of the supported commander. PSYOP activities support theater military strategic objectives and campaign or major operations objectives.
OP.2.2.2.1 DESTROY OR REDUCE ENEMY
OPERATIONAL FORCE EFFECTIVENESS
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-26. To create delays in enemy operational movement to disrupt enemy C2, to degrade human and equipment performance, and to affect enemy force's will to fight. Means include PSYOP.
OP.2.2.2.2 DESTROY OR REDUCE ENEMY
CRITICAL FACILITIES EFFECTIVENESS
(JFLCC INFLUENCES)
H-27. To use SOF and nonlethal chemical and EW with the object of degrading, disrupting, or temporarily impairing critical tasks or facilities.
OP.2.3 INTEGRATE OPERATIONAL FIREPOWER
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-28. To integrate operational firepower on single or multiple operational targets at the decisive time and place. Thus focusing and synchronizing the effort producing full synergy and maximum operational impact. This integration uses lethal and nonlethal attacks that include friendly C2W and EW measures and minimizing their effect on friendly forces, neutrals, and noncombatants.
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OP.3 OPERATIONAL PROTECTION
(JFLCC INFLUENCES)
H-29. The conservation of the fighting potential of a force so that it can be applied at the decisive time and place. The activity includes actions taken to counter enemy's firepower and maneuver by making service members, systems, and operational formations difficult to locate, strike, and destroy.
Operational protection includes protecting joint and multinational land, sea, and aerospace forces; bases; and lines of communication (LOC) from enemy operational maneuver and concentrated enemy air, sea, and ground attack, natural occurrences, and terrorist attack. This task also pertains to protection of operational level forces, systems, and civil infrastructure of friendly nations and groups in MOOTW.
OP.3.1 PROVIDE OPERATIONAL
AEROSPACE DEFENSE
(JFLCC INFLUENCES)
H-30. The protection of operational forces from air attack (including attack from or through space) through both direct defense and destruction of the enemy's air attack capacity in the air is performed in conjunction with (ICW) the AADC. This task includes such measures as use of aircraft (includes helicopters), interceptor missiles, air defense artillery, weapons not used primarily in an air defense role, and electronic countermeasures.
OP.3.1.1 PROCESS OPERATIONAL
AEROSPACE TARGETS
(JFLCC INTEREST)
H-31. To select offensive air threats to the operational environment and attach appropriate response to ensure freedom of action for campaigns, major operations, and protection of key assets.
OP.3.1.1.1 ALLOCATE TARGETS FOR ATTACK
(JFLCC INTEREST)
H-32. To designate specific targets to operational air defense units (land, sea, and air [includes space]) for interception or engagement.
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OP.3.1.1.2 INTEGRATE JOINT/COMBINED
OPERATIONAL AEROSPACE DEFENSE
(JFLCC INFLUENCES)
H-33. To achieve a balanced mix of all available joint and multinational operational air defense forces (aircraft, missiles, air defense artillery) of air, land, and naval components. This task is performed ICW the AADC.
OP.3.1.2 PROVIDE AEROSPACE CONTROL
(JFLCC INFLUENCE)
H-34. To provide safe, efficient, and flexible use of airspace (includes space).
OP.3.1.2.1 EMPLOY POSITIVE
CONTROL MEASURES
(JFLCC INFLUENCES)
H-35. To establish direct controls that minimize mutual interference between operational air defense and other operations. This task is performed ICW the AADC.
OP.3.1.2.2 EMPLOY PROCEDURAL
CONTROL MEASURES
(JFLCC INTEREST)
H-36. To establish readily identifiable electronic, visual, or other means of identification critical to survival of friendly aircraft in the event positive control fails.
OP.3.1.3 ATTACK ENEMY
AEROSPACE TARGETS
(JFLCC INTEREST)
H-37. To intercept, engage, destroy, or neutralize enemy operational air formations (includes aircraft, missiles, and space vehicles) in flight using all available air defense capabilities of all friendly forces to achieve operational results. This task is performed ICW the AADC.
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OP.3.1.3.1 CONDUCT LETHAL ATTACK
ON OPERATIONAL AEROSPACE TARGETS
(JFLCC INTEREST)
H-38. To employ air-to-air (includes space systems and armed helicopters), surface-to-air, and subsurface-to-air joint and multinational operational forces as early and as far forward as possible to protect friendly operational air, land, and sea forces by attacking enemy air defense targets in support of campaign plans, major operations, and forces in the COMMZ and operationally significant facilities in the combat zone. This task is performed ICW the AADC.
OP.3.1.3.2 CONDUCT NONLETHAL ATTACK
ON OPERATIONAL AEROSPACE TARGETS
(JFLCC INTEREST)
H-39. To employ supplementary means such as mass jamming and electronic support measures to deny, disrupt, and degrade enemy air attack sensors, guidance systems, and C2 systems.
OP.3.2 PROVIDE PROTECTION
OF OPERATIONAL FORCES AND MEANS
(JFLCC INFLUENCES)
H-40. To safeguard friendly COGs and operational forces potential by reducing or avoiding the effects of enemy operational level, and unintentional, actions (to include movement and radio electronic combat). In MOOTW, this activity includes protection of governmental and civil infrastructure and populace of the country being supported; this includes AT.
OP.3.2.1 PREPARE OPERATIONALLY
SIGNIFICANT FORTIFICATIONS
(JFLCC INFLUENCES)
H-41. To provide protective construction hardening for operational forces and key facilities, (e.g., C2, logistics, and rear area positions and fighting positions). This activity provides protection of governmental and civil infrastructure and the populace of the country being supported, including AT
measures.
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OP.3.2.2 REMOVE OPERATIONALLY
SIGNIFICANT HAZARDS
(JFLCC INFLUENCE)
H-42. To eliminate the presence of hazards which could adversely affect execution of the operational commander's plan.
OP.3.2.2.1 EMPLOY PSYOP IN THEATER
OF OPERATIONS
(JOA COMMANDER/JFLCC INTEREST)
H-43. To plan and execute operations to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences in theaters of operation/JOA to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and, ultimately, the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals.
OP.3.2.3 PROTECT USE
OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
(JFLCC INTEREST)
H-44. To take actions to ensure friendly effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum despite the enemy's use of EW. This is a division of EW and also called electronic counter-countermeasures.
OP.3.2.4 PROVIDE POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION
OF FRIENDLY OPERATIONAL FORCES
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-45. To discretely and positively determine by any means the individuality (friendly and enemy) of operational level forces, objects (such as air, space, land, or sea formations), or of phenomena (e.g., communications-electronic patterns). To distinguish these forces from hostile or unknown forces and means one from the other.
OP.3.3 EMPLOY OPERATIONS SECURITY
(JFLCC INFLUENCES)
H-46. To take action to avoid friendly force indicators associated with planning and conducting campaigns and major operations from the enemy (includes terrorists) commander's perspective and thus protect intentions.
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OP.3.3.1 EMPLOY SIGNAL SECURITY
(JFLCC INTEREST)
H-47. To protect emitters and information transmitted through friendly operational C2 electronic systems from enemy exploitation.
OP.3.3.2 EMPLOY CONCEALMENT TECHNIQUES
(JFLCC INTEREST)
H-48. To provide protection of operational forces and facilities from enemy observation and surveillance sensors.
OP.3.3.3 AVOID OPERATIONAL PATTERNS
(JFLCC INFLUENCES)
H-49. To vary activities and ways of conducting operations to avoid predictable patterns which are vulnerable to enemy interception.
OP.3.4 CONDUCT DECEPTION
IN SUPPORT OF SUBORDINATE CAMPAIGNS
AND MAJOR OPERATIONS
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-50. To manipulate enemy operational commander's perceptions and expectations into a false picture of reality that conceals friendly actions and intentions until it is too late for enemy operational forces to react effectively within context of the theater commander's deception plan. Several measures are available to a commander for conducting deception, to include physical, technical, or electronic (imitative, manipulative, and simulative), and administration.
OP.3.4.1 PROTECT DETAILS
OF CAMPAIGN PLANS AND
MAJOR OPERATIONS
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-51. To take actions to prevent the enemy from learning the true intent of operational commander's campaign and major operational plans and deception plans. The activity includes limiting, to the last possible moment, the number of people aware of friendly plans; delaying or masking operational movements and preparations; deceiving friendly leaders and personnel where necessary; and other appropriate actions.
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OP.3.4.2 SPREAD MISINFORMATION
REGARDING CONDUCT OF CAMPAIGNS
AND MAJOR OPERATIONS
(JFLCC INFLUENCES)
H-52. To develop and disseminate the deception plan focused on enemy expectations, preconceptions, and fears concerning friendly intent in order to deceive the enemy operational commander of the true friendly intentions regarding campaigns and major operations. The deception plan will use the entire joint and multinational forces and strategic means, as appropriate, to deceive the enemy.
OP.3.4.3 ASSESS EFFECT OF OPERATIONAL
DECEPTION PLAN
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-53. To determine the extent to which the deception story and related actions have had on the plans and actions of the opposing operational commander and his staff.
OP.3.5 PROVIDE SECURITY FOR OPERATIONAL
FORCES AND MEANS
(JFLCC INFLUENCES)
H-54. To enhance the freedom of action by identifying and reducing friendly vulnerability to hostile acts, influence, or surprise. This includes measures to protect from surprise, observation, detection, interference, espionage, terrorists, and sabotage. This activity includes actions for protecting and securing flanks and rear area of operational formations and protecting and securing critical installations, facilities, and systems.
OP.4 OPERATIONAL COMMAND AND CONTROL
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-55. The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached operational forces in the accomplishment of the mission. C2 activities are performed through arrangement of personnel, equipment, communications, facilities, and procedures employed by an operational commander in planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling forces in conducting campaigns and major operations to accomplish the mission. This operating system is applicable across the range of military operations including MOOTW.
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OP.4.1 ACQUIRE AND COMMUNICATE
OPERATIONAL LEVEL INFORMATION
AND MAINTAIN STATUS
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-56. To gain and possess information of the theater of operations military objective, enemy operational forces and COGs, friendly operational forces, terrain, and weather (includes characteristics of AO, climate) by or for the operational commander or his staff. To translate that information into usable form and to retain and disseminate it. This activity includes informing and advising the theater-of-war commander and securing an understanding of strategic guidance or an understanding of national and alliance policy, objectives, and strategic aim, other elements of national and multinational power (e.g., political, economic, informational), and theater strategic objectives. At the operational level, this task includes interfacing with friendly and enemy (in occupied territory) civilian government authorities in the operational commander's area of responsibility. This activity includes dissemination of any type information.
OP.4.1.1 COMMUNICATE
OPERATIONAL INFORMATION
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-57. To send and receive operationally significant data from one echelon of command to another by any means.
OP.4.1.2 MANAGE MEANS
OF COMMUNICATING
OPERATIONAL INFORMATION
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-58. To direct, establish, or control the means used in sending or receiving operational information of any kind and to use communication networks and modes for obtaining or sending operational information. C2 systems include systems required for support to other agencies of the US Government, friendly nations, and groups in MOOTW.
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OP.4.1.3 MAINTAIN OPERATIONAL INFORMATION
AND FORCE STATUS
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-59. To screen, circulate, store, and display operational data in a form suitable for the decision-making process of the operational commander and his staff and for supporting other US governmental agencies, friendly nations, and groups in the region.
OP.4.1.4 MONITOR STRATEGIC SITUATION
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-60. To be aware of and to understand national and alliance objective, policies, goals, other elements of national and alliance power (political, economic, informational), political aim, and the theater-of-war commander’s strategic concept and intent.
OP.4.2 ASSESS OPERATIONAL SITUATION
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-61. To continuously evaluate information received through reports or the personal observations of the commander on the general situation in the theater (or area) of operation and conduct of the campaign or major operation. In particular, this activity includes deciding whether different actions are required from those that would result from the most recent orders issued. This includes evaluating operational requirements in terms of doctrine, training, leader development, organizations, materiel, and concepts.
OP.4.2.1 REVIEW CURRENT SITUATION
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-62. To examine on-hand operational information. This includes analyzing the assigned mission (includes assigned strategic military and politico-military objectives) and related tasks in the context of the next higher echelon’s campaign plan or OPORD, the strategic aim, and the combining of on-hand with incoming information while separating critical from noncritical information.
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OP.4.2.2 PROJECT FUTURE CAMPAIGNS
OR MAJOR OPERATIONS
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-63. To see beyond immediate battles and estimate enemy’s future actions and to anticipate friendly actions for employment of operational forces after each phase of a current campaign or major operation (sequels), to include consideration of possible local reversals or tactical failures.
OP.4.2.3 DECIDE ON NEED FOR ACTION
OR CHANGE (JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-64. To decide whether actions are required which are different from those which operational forces (or supported friendly governments) have already been directed (or decided) to execute.
OP.4.3 DETERMINE OPERATIONAL ACTIONS
(JFLCC RESPONSIBILITY)
H-65. To conduct the process of making detailed staff estimates and decisions for implementing the theater comm