Source Notes-5
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Glossary
SECTION I – ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
AI
air interdiction
AIDS
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AMC
Air Mobility Command
AO
area of operations
ARVN
Army of the Republic of Viet Nam
ASCOPE
areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, and events
BCT
brigade combat team
BDAR
battle damage assessment and repair
BENELUX
Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg
C2
command and control
CA
civil affairs
CAA
combat aviation advisory
CASEVAC
casualty evacuation
CBRN
chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
CBRNE
chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, high-yield explosive
CCIR
commander’s critical information requirement
CI
counterintelligence
CEA
captured enemy ammunition
CERP
commander’s emergency response program
CLS
combat lifesaver
CMO
civil-military operations
CMOC
civil-military operations center
CNA
computer network attack
CND
computer network defense
CNE
computer network exploitation
CNO
computer network operations
COA
course of action
COG
center of gravity
CONUS
continental United States
COP
common operational picture
DA
direct action
DNBI
disease and nonbattle injury
DOTMLPF
doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education,
personnel, and facilities
EAC
echelons above corps
EEFI
essential elements of friendly information
26 October 2006
FM 3-06
Glossary-1
Glossary
EOD
explosive ordnance disposal
EW
electronic warfare
FHP
force health protection
FID
foreign internal defense
FM
field manual; frequency modulation
FMI
field manual, interim
FSB
forward support battalion
G-9
assistant chief of staff, civil affairs
GIS
geographic information system
GTL
gun-target line
HRS
human resources support
HUMINT
human intelligence
IDF
Israeli Defense Forces
IED
improvised explosive device
IMINT
imagery intelligence
INFOSYS
information system
IO
information operations
IPB
intelligence preparation of the battlefield
ISR
intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance
JDAM
Joint Direct Attack Munition
JFC
joint force commander
JOA
joint operations area
JP
joint publication
JTF
joint task force
JUO
joint urban operations
LAN
local area network
LNO
liaison officer
LOC
line of communications
LOGCAP
logistics civilian augmentation program
LOS
line of sight
LPT
logistics preparation of the theater
MAGTF
Marine air-ground task force
MANPADS
man-portable air defense system
MEDEVAC
medical evacuation
METT-TC
mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time
available, civil considerations
MEU
Marine expeditionary unit
MEU(SOC)
Marine expeditionary unit (special operations capable)
MHE
materials handling equipment
MLRS
Multiple Launch Rocket System
MP
military police
Glossary-2
FM 3-06
26 October 2006
Glossary
MSC
Military Sealift Command
MST
maintenance support team
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NCW
naval coastal warfare
NGA
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
NGO
nongovernmental organization
NKPA
North Korean People’s Army
NVA
North Vietnamese Army
OAKOC
observation and fields of fire, avenues of approach, key terrain,
obstacles, and cover and concealment
ODA
operational detachment alpha
OIF
Operation Iraqi Freedom
OPSEC
operations security
PA
public affairs
Panamanian Defense Force
PGM
precision-guided munitions
PLO
Palestinian Liberation Organization
PMCS
preventive maintenance checks and services
POW
prisoner of war
PSYOP
psychological operations
QRF
quick reaction force
ROE
rules of engagement
RPG
rocket-propelled grenade
SBU
special boat unit
SDDC
Surface Deployment and Distribution Command
SEAL
sea-air-land (team)
SF
special forces
SIGINT
signals intelligence
SJA
Staff Judge Advocate
SO
special operations
SOF
special operations forces
SOFA
status-of-forces agreement
SOP
standing operating procedure
SOWT
special operations weather team
SPOD
seaport of debarkation
SPE
seaport of embarkation
SR
special reconnaissance
STT
special tactics team
SWET
sewer, water, electricity, trash
SWEAT
sewer, water, electricity, academics trash
SWEAT-MS
sewer, water, electricity, academics trash-medical, security
26 October 2006
FM 3-06
Glossary-3
Glossary
TACON
tactical control
TC
training circular
TCC
transportation component command
TF
task force
TIM
toxic industrial material
TTP
tactics, techniques, and procedures
UAS
unmanned aircraft system
UN
United Nations
UNITAF
Unified Task Force
UNOSOM
United Nations Operations in Somalia
UNSCR
UN Security Council resolution
UO
urban operations
USACE
United States Army Corps of Engineers
USAID
United States Agency for International Development
USCENTCOM
United States Central Command
USFORSOM
United States Forces, Somalia
USCG
United States Coast Guard
USTRANSCOM
United States Transportation Command
UXO
unexploded ordnance
UW
unconventional warfare
VC
Viet Cong
WMD
weapons of mass destruction
SECTION II – Terms and Definitions
agility – The ability to move and adjust quickly and easily. (FM 3-0)
air interdiction – Air operations conducted to destroy, neutralize, or delay the enemy’s military potential before it can be brought to bear effectively against friendly forces at such distance from friendly forces that detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of friendly forces is not required. (JP 102) area defense – A type of defensive operation that concentrates on denying enemy forces access to designated terrain for a specific time rather than destroying the enemy outright. (FM 3-0) area of interest – That area of concern to the commander, including the area of influence, areas adjacent thereto, and extending into enemy territory to the objectives of current or planned operations. This area also includes areas occupied by enemy forces who could jeopardize the accomplishment of the mission. (JP 1-02)
area of operations – An operational area defined by the joint force commander for land and naval forces. Areas of operations do not typically encompass the entire operational area of the joint force commander, but should be large enough for component commanders to
accomplish their missions and protect their forces. (JP 1-02)
ARFOR – The senior Army headquarters and all Army forces assigned or attached to a combatant command, subordinate joint force command, joint functional command, or
multinational command. (FM 3-0)
Glossary-4
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26 October 2006
Glossary
assessment – (Army) The continuous monitoring of the current situation and progress of an operation.(FMI 5-0.1)
asymmetry – Dissimilarities in organization, equipment, doctrine, and values between other armed forces (formally organized or not) and US forces. Engagements are symmetric if forces, technologies, and weapons are similar; they are asymmetric if forces, technologies, and weapons are different, or if a resort to terrorism and rejection of more conventional rules of engagement are the norm. (FM 3-0)
attack – An offensive operation that destroys or defeats enemy forces, seizes and secures terrain, or both. (FM 3-0)
attainability - One of the eight characteristics of combat service support: generating the minimum essential supplies and services necessary to begin operations. (FM 4-0)
attrition - The reduction of the effectiveness of a force caused by loss of personnel and materiel.
(JP 1-02)
avenue of approach – An air or ground route of an attacking force of a given size leading to its objective or to key terrain in its path. (JP 1-02)
axis of advance – (Army) The general area through which the bulk of a unit’s combat power must move. (FM 3-90)
battle – A set of related engagements that lasts longer and involves larger forces than an engagement. (FM 3-0)
battlefield organization – The allocation of forces in the area of operations by purpose. It consists of three all-encompassing categories of operations: decisive, shaping, and sustaining.
(FM 3-0)
battle rhythm – The sequencing of command and control activities within a headquarters and throughout the force to facilitate effective command and control. (FMI 5-0.1)
branch – (Army) A contingency plan or course of action (an option built into the basic plan or course of action) for changing the mission, disposition, orientation, or direction of movement of the force to aid success of the current operation, based on anticipated events,
opportunities, or disruptions caused by enemy actions. Army forces prepare branches to exploit success and opportunities, or to counter disruptions caused by enemy actions. (FM 3-0)
breakout – An operation conducted by an encircled force to regain freedom of movement or contact with friendly units. It differs from other attacks only in that a simultaneous defense in other areas of the perimeter must be maintained. (FM 3-90)
buffer zone – A defined area controlled by a peace operations force from which disputing or belligerent forces have been excluded. A buffer zone is formed to create an area of separation between disputing or belligerent forces and reduce the risk of renewed conflict. Also called area of separation in some United Nations operations. (JP 1-02)
bypass – A tactical mission task in which the commander directs his unit to maneuver around an obstacle, position, or enemy force to maintain the momentum of the operation while deliberately avoiding combat with an enemy force. (FM 3-90)
campaign – A series of related military operations aimed at accomplishing a strategic or operational objective within a given time and space. (JP 1-02)
26 October 2006
FM 3-06
Glossary-5
Glossary
canalize – (Army) A tactical mission task in which the commander restricts enemy movement to a narrow zone by exploiting terrain coupled with the use of obstacles, fires, or friendly maneuver. (FM 3-90)
capability - The ability to execute a specified course of action (a capability may or may not be accompanied by an intention) (JP 1-02)
casualty evacuation – (Army) A term used by nonmedical units to refer to the movement of casualties aboard nonmedical vehicles or aircraft. (FM 8-10-6)
centers of gravity – Those characteristics, capabilities, or sources of power from which a military force derives its freedom of action, physical strength, or will to fight. (JP 1-02) civil affairs – Designated Active and Reserve component forces and units organized, trained, and equipped specifically to conduct civil affairs activities and to support civil-military operations. (JP 1-02)
civil considerations – The influence of manmade infrastructure, civilian institutions, and attitudes and activities of the civilian leaders, populations, and organizations within an area of operations on the conduct of military operations. (FM 6-0)
civil disturbance – Group acts of violence and disorder prejudicial to public law and order. (JP
1-02)
civil-military operations – The activities of a commander that establish, maintain, influence, or exploit relations between military forces, governmental and nongovernmental civilian organizations and authorities, and the civilian populace in a friendly, neutral, or hostile operational area in order to facilitate military operations, to consolidate and achieve US
objectives. Civil-military operations may include performance by military forces of activities and functions normally the responsibility of the local, regional, or national government.
These activities may occur prior to, during, or subsequent to other military actions. They may also occur, if directed, in the absence of other military operations. Civil-military operations may be performed by designated civil affairs, by other military forces, or by a combination of civil affairs and other forces. (JP 1-02)
civil-military operations center – An ad hoc organization, normally established by the geographic combatant commander or subordinate joint force commander, to assist in the coordination of activities of engaged military forces, and other United States Government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and regional and international organizations.
There is no established structure, and its size and composition are situation dependent. (JP
1-02)
civil support operations – Domestic operations that address the consequences of man-made or natural accidents and incidents beyond the capabilities of civilian authorities. (FM 1) clear – (Army) 1. A tactical mission task that requires the commander to remove all enemy forces and eliminate organized resistance within an assigned area. (FM 3-90) 2. The total elimination or neutralization of an obstacle that is usually performed by follow-on engineers and is not done under fire. (FM 3-34.2)
close air support – Air action by fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft against hostile targets that are in close proximity to friendly forces and that require detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of those forces. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-6
FM 3-06
26 October 2006
Glossary
close combat – Combat carried out with direct fire weapons, supported by indirect fire, air-delivered fires, and nonlethal engagement means. Close combat defeats or destroys enemy forces or seizes and retains ground. (FM 3-0)
coalition – An ad hoc arrangement between two or more nations for common action. (JP 1-02) collateral damage – Unintentional or incidental injury or damage to persons or objects that would not be lawful military targets in the circumstances ruling at the time. Such damage is not unlawful so long as it is not excessive in light of the overall military advantage anticipated from the attack. (JP 1-02)
combatant command – A unified or specified command with a broad continuing mission under a single commander established and so designated by the President, through the Secretary of Defense and with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Combatant commands typically have geographic or functional responsibilities. (JP 1-02) combat power – The total means of destructive and/or disruptive force which a military unit/formation can apply against the opponent at a given time. (JP 1-02)
combined arms – The synchronized or simultaneous application of several arms—such as infantry, armor, field artillery, engineers, air defense, and aviation—to achieve an effect on the enemy that is greater than if each arm were used against the enemy separately or in sequence. (FM 3-0)
combined arms team – (Army) Two or more arms mutually supporting one another, usually consisting of infantry, armor, cavalry, aviation, field artillery, air defense artillery, and engineers. (FM 3-90).
command and control system – (Army) The arrangement of personnel, information management, procedures, and equipment and facilities essential for the commander to
conduct operations. (FM 6-0)
commander’s critical information requirements – (Army) – Elements of information required by commanders that directly affect decisionmaking and dictate the successful execution of military operations. (FM 3-0)
commander’s intent – (Army) A clear, concise statement of what the force must do and the conditions the force must meet to succeed with respect to the enemy, terrain, and civil considerations that represent the operation’s desired end state. (FMI 5-0.1)
commander’s visualization – The mental process of developing situational understanding, determining a desired end state, and envisioning how the force will achieve that end state.
(FMI 5-0.1)
common operational picture – (Army) An operational picture tailored to the user’s requirements, based on common data and information shared by more than one command.
(FM 3-0)
computer network attack – Actions taken through the use of computer networks to disrupt, deny, degrade, or destroy information resident in computers or computer networks, or the computers and networks themselves. (JP 1-02)
computer network defense – Actions taken through computer networks to protect, monitor, analyze, detect and respond to unauthorized activity within Department of Defense
information systems and computer networks. (JP 1-02)
26 October 2006
FM 3-06
Glossary-7
Glossary
concept of operations – (Army) How commanders see the actions of subordinate units fitting together to accomplish the mission. As a minimum, the description includes the scheme of maneuver and concept of fires. The concept of operations expands the commander’s selected course of action and expresses how each element of the force will cooperate to accomplish the mission. (FM 3-0)
constraint – A restriction placed on the command by a higher command. A constraint dictates an action or inaction, thus restricting the freedom of action a subordinate commander has for planning. (FM 5-0)
control – (Army) 1. The regulation of forces and warfighting functions to accomplish the mission in accordance with the commander’s intent. (FMI 5-0.1) 2. A tactical mission task that requires the commander to maintain physical influence over a specified area to prevent its use by an enemy. (FM 3-90)
controlled exchange – The removal of serviceable parts, components, or assemblies from unserviceable, economically reparable equipment and their immediate reuse in restoring a like item of equipment to a combat operable or serviceable condition. (FM 4-30.3)
control measure – A means of regulating forces or warfighting functions. (FMI 5-0.1) counterattack – (Army) A form of attack by part or all of a defending force against an enemy attacking force with the general objective of denying the enemy his goal in attacking. See FM
3-0.
counterdeception – Efforts to negate, neutralize, diminish the effects of, or gain advantage from a foreign deception operation. Counterdeception does not include the intelligence function of identifying foreign deception operations. (JP 1-02)
counterdrug – Those active measures taken to detect, monitor, and counter the production, trafficking, and use of illegal drugs. (JP 1-02)
counterinsurgency – Those military, par