[51] Explaining the teachings of Fiqh in all four Madhhabs, the book is an epitome of compact erudition written by Abd-ul-Wahhâb-i-Sha'rânî 'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ 'alaih', (d. 973 [1565 A.D.],) a profound scholar well-versed both in the knowledge of Hadîth and in the teachings of Fiqh in the Shâfi'î Madhhab.
[52] Otherwise, i.e. if all four Madhhabs agreed on that it was harâm for a male Muslims to expose their thighs when in company, those who violated and slighted this injunction would outright become disbelievers.
[53] Written by Imâm-i-Ahmad bin Muhammad Shihâb-ud-dîn Qastalânî 'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ 'alaih', (821 [1418 A.D.] - 923 [1517], Egypt).
[54] Written by Ibn-ul-Bezzâz Muhammad bin Muhammad Kerderî 'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ'alaih', (d. 827 [1424 A.D.],) this book of fatwâs was combined with Fatâwâ-i-Hindiyya, another book of fatwâs, and the two books were printed in Egypt in 1310 and were reproduced there in 1393 [1973 A.D.].
[55] Eternal mahrams are close relatives by blood, in virtue of nursing or through nikâh (marriage) with whom one cannot marry at all.
[56] Imâm-i a'zam Abu Hanîfa and Imâm-i Muhammad.
[57] It was written by Zeynel'âbidîn bin Ibrâhîm ibni Nujaym-i-Misrî 'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ 'alaih', (926-970 [1562 A.D.], Egypt).
[58] It was written by Muhammad Zihnî 'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ 'alaih', (1262-1332 [1914 A.D.].)
[59] It was written by Qâdî-Zâda Muhammad 'Ârif 'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ 'alaih', (d. 1173 [1759 A.D.].)
[60] It was written by Abd-ul-Ghanî Nablusî 'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ 'alaih', (1050 [1640 A.D.] - 1143 [1731 A.D.], Damascus.)
[61] Jawhara-t-un-nayyira. by Abû Bakr bin 'Alî Haddâd-i-Yemenî 'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ'alaih', (d. 800 [1397 A.D.].) The book is an abridged version of of Sirâj-ul-wahhâj, which he wrote as a commentary to the book Mukhtasar-i-Qudûrî, by Ahmad bin Muhammad Baghdâdî 'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ 'alaih'.
[62] If a Muslim performs the acts of worship commanded by Islam properly, avoids those acts prohibited by Islam, subdues his nafs to full obedience to Islam, and attaches his heart to an Islamic scholar or Walî, he will attain a spiritual state wherein inexplicable pieces of subtle Islamic knowledge will begin to flow into his heart. This knowledge is called fayd. Naturally, it goes without saying that the first and the basic condition is that he should learn Islam from true, dependable sources. Otherwise, his heart may be lured away from Islam by some fatal delusions in the name of fayds.
[63] Shihâb-ud-dîn Ahmed bin Muhammad Hiytamî 'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ 'alaih', (899 [1494 A.D.] - 974 [1566], Mekka.)
[64] Please see the seventh chapter of the fifth fascicle of Endless bliss for Hajj.
[65] It was (-3.56), i.e. the shadow pointed southwards, since the Sun's declination was ten minutes greater than the location's latitude, so culmination took place north of the observer's zenith.
[66] These four Madahhabs are Hanafî; Mâlikî; Shâfi’î; and Hanbalî.
[67] This is the time when Astronomical twilight begins.
[68] Fatwâ is a conclusive explanation wherein an authorized Islamic scholar answers Muslims' questions. Conditions to be fulfilled to be an authorized Islamic scholar are explained in our publications, Belief and Islam, The Sunni Path, and Endless Bliss(chapter 33 of second fascicle and chapter 10 of third fascicle).
[69] What is meant by long-distance journeys, and also how a Muslim travelling a long distance is to perform his daily prayers termed namâz (or salât), is explaned in full detail in the fifteenth chapter.
[70] 'Imâmeyn' means Two Imâm's'. In 'Fiqh', one of Islam's main scientific branches pertaining to acts of worship, 'Imâmeyn' means 'Imâm Muhammad and Imâm Yusûf, two of the highest disciples of Imâm a'zam Abû Hanîfa, the leader and founder of the Hanafî Madhhab, one of the only four valid Madhhabs in matters pertaining to Islamic practices; 'Tarafeyn' means 'Imâm a'zam Abû Hanîfa himself and his blessed disciple Imâm Muhammad'; and 'Shaikhayn' means 'Imâm a'zam himself and his blessed disciple Imâm Abû Yûsuf.In another register of Islamic nomenclature, e.g. when matters concerning the Sahâba (the blessed companions of Muhammad 'alaihis-salâm') are being dealt with, 'Shaikhayn'means 'Hadrat Abû Bakr as-Siddîq and Hadrat 'Umar ul-Fârûq'
[71] The modification to be applied to apparent solar time, (i.e. the time as shown on a sundial, which records the motions of the real (true) Sun across the sky,) to mean solar time, (i.e. the time as shown on timepieces, with the irregularities of apparent solar time, due to elliptic movement of the Earth around the Sun, smoothed out). See Appendix IV.
[72] The former is termed Summer Solstice, and the latter Winter Solstice.
[73] In other words, he reperforms that day's fast after the 'lyd of Ramadân. Please see the second chapter of the fifth fascicle of Endless Bliss for Fasting in Ramadânand 'lyd of Ramadân, or 'lyd of Fitra.
[74] Please visit the websites: "http://www.turktakvim.com" and "http://www.namazvakti.com" and "http://www.islamicalendar.co.uk".
[75] Vertices of this triangle are the Sun (G), the observer's zenith (S), and the celestial north pole (K).