[76] When a calestial object is on the obzerver’s meridian, it is at culmination or in transit.
[77] The dates on which the true and mean solar times are equalized, i.e. when the difference between them is zero, are April 15, June 14, September 1, and December 25. Please see Appendix IV.
[78] There is detailed information about Qurbân and how to perform the Qurbân in the fourth chapter of the fifth fascicle of Endless Bliss.
[79] The use or operation of calculators vary with brand.
[80] A Muslim who never commits a grave sin and who does not commit venial sins continually and whose good deeds are more than his wrongdoings, is called an 'âdil Muslim. On the other hand, 'fâsiq means a Muslim who is habituated to committing one of the grave sins such as fornication, gambling, consumption of hard drinks, usury (however low the rate of interest), looking at people or things or images that are forbidden for a Muslim to look at, condoning acts of wrongdoing committed by a person under his responsibility such as his wife or daughters, for instance their going out without covering those parts of their body which Islam commands them to cover. Also, a Muslim who habitually neglects one of Islam's open commandments such as the daily five prayers of namaz, etc, as well as one who ignores learning something which is farz or wâjib for a Muslim to learn, is 'fâsiq'. Hence, 'âdil and fâsiq are antonymous.
[81] Izâlat-ul-khafâ an khilâfat-il-khulafâ, by the great Sunnî Islamic scholar Shâh Waliyyullah Dahlawî (1114 [1702 A.D.]-1176 [1762]; Delhi).
[82] Salat al-'iyd, or namâz of 'iyd, is dealt with in detail in chapter 22.
[83] To make the related programme, for example on the CASIO calculator, this succession is followed:
MODE [0] P1 ENT sin — Kin 1 sin x ENT Kin 3 sin = ÷ Kout 1 cos ÷ -Kout 3 cos = INV cos ÷ 15 = INV o,,, MODE [0]
[84] There is detailed information about death, preparation for death, and salât of janâza in the thirteenth chapter of the fifth fascicle of Endless Bliss.
[85] Namâz during long-distance journeys is explained in detail in the fifteenth chapter.
[86] On any day, the declination of the Sun and equation of time and, for locations with latitude 41 o, nifs fadla, fadl-i-dâir, and prayer times can be determined easily and rapidly by using the quadrant (Rub’-i dâ’ira), which needs no calculation, formula or calculator. It is manufactured and distributed along with an instructions manual by Hakîkat Kitabevi in Istanbul. An empty diskette is placed in a computer and prayer times are fed in. The diskette thus programmed can be taken out and stored for years. It is only a matter of seconds to drive it into a computer, feed in the latitudinal and longitudinal degrees of any city, and see a day's or a month's or a year's prayer limes on the VDU. Another few seconds' time will suffice to obtain a piece of paper (containing the prayer times) from the computer and fax it to the city in question.
[87] Information conveyed through an unbroken chain of trustworthy Muslim scholars throughout the centuries since the time of our blessed Prophet, Muhammad 'alaihis-salâm'.
[88] A history book of five volumes written in the Turkish language by Eyyûb SabrîPâsha 'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ 'alaih', (d. 1308 [1890 A.D.],) one of the admirals of Abd-ul-Hamîd Khân II 'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ 'alaih', (1258 [1842 A.D.] - 1336 [1918], Istanbul,) the thirty-fourth. Ottoman Sultan and the ninety-ninth Khalîfa of Muslims.
[89] A commentary to the book Mishkât, written in the Fârisî language by 'Abd-ul-Haqq Dahlawî (958 [1551 A.D.] - 1052 [1642], Delhi.)
[90] An annotation to the book Durr-ul-mukhtâr, rendered by Ahmad bin Muhammad Ismâ'îl Tahtâwî, (d. 1231 [1815 A.D.].)
[91] A. commentary to Abdullah bin Ahmad Nasafî's book Kenz-ud-daqâ'iq, rendered by 'Uthmân bin 'Alî Zeylâ'î, (d. 743 [1343 A.D.], Egypt.)
[92] A person taking a long-distance journey dealt with in chapter 15, is called 'musâfir'.
[93] Jawhara-t-un-nayyira, the abridged version of Sirâj-ul-wahhâj, by Abû Bakr bin 'Alî Haddâd Yemenî 'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ 'alaih', (d. 800 [1397 A.D.].) It should not be mistaken for Jawhara-t-ut-tawhîd, a valuable work written in the science of Kelâm by the great scholar and Walî Ibrâhîm Laqânî Mâlikî 'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ 'alaih', (d. 1041, [1632 A.D.].)
[94] Written by Abul-Ikhlâs Hasan bin Ammâr Shernblâlî 'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ 'alaih', (994-1069 [1658 A.D.], Egypt.)
[95] Chanting, singing.
[96] Written by Muhammad 'Ubaydullah Serhendî 'rahmatullâhi ta’âlâ 'alaih', (1038 [1628 A.D.] - 1083 [1672], Serhend.)
[97] Written by Ibni Humâm, Kemal-ad-dîn Muhammad bin 'Abd-ul-Wâhid Sivâsî'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ 'alaih', (790 [1388 A.D.] - 861 [1456],) as a commentary to the book Hidâya.
[98] Written by Muhammad bin Ahmad Ustuwânî 'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ 'alaih', (d. 1072 [1662 A.D.], Damascus.)
[99] Written by Muhammad bin Qutb-ud-dîn Iznîkî 'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ 'alaih'.
[100] Please see the sixteenth chapter for kinds of sajda (prostration).