According to Vine, soul means both:
(j) “An animate creature, human or other.”
(c) “The disembodied or "unclothed" or "naked" man.”
Again he makes the word “soul” be both (1) Soul is the mortal being of humans and animals, even of dead mortal humans and animals, and at the same time (even while the mortal person is alive), (2) soul is the immortal part of a person that can never be dead.
1). Psukee—soul: to mortal man. W. E. Vine lists eight ways that he says "soul" applies to mortal man and animals, not to an immortal soul.
1. (a) “The natural life of the body” (a living being).
2. (d) “The seat of personality...explained as = "own self,"...the seat of the sentient element in man, that by which he perceives, reflects, fells, desires.”
3. (e) “The seat of the sentient element in man, that by which he perceives, reflects, feels, desires.”
4. (f) “The seat of will and purpose.”
5. (g) “The seat of appetite.”
6. (h) “Persons, individuals..."persons"..."anyone"...of dead bodies..."dead soul" and of animals.
· The equivalent of the personal pronoun, used for emphasis and effect: 1st person, 2nd person, 3rd person.”
7. (j) “An animate creature, human or other.”
8. (k) “’The inward man,’ the seat of the new life.”
2). Psukee—soul: to man. W. E. Vine lists two ways that "soul" applies to something that is now immortal in a person.
1. (b) “The immaterial, invisible part of man” Matthew 10:28; Acts 2:27. In the first two of his ten definitions of soul, he makes the soul be both (1) the natural body in the image of Adam, (2) and "the immaterial, invisible part of man," both mortal and immortal at the same time. This is the common way of most that believe we have a part that is now immortal.
2. (c) “The disembodied or ‘unclothed’ or ‘naked’ man” 2 Corinthians 5:3-4 and Revelation 6:9. "Disembodied" is not in 2 Corinthians 5:3-4, he added it. He clearly says soul and spirit are two difference things, yet he applied "naked" to both the soul (psukee) and the spirit (pneuma), even though he made a distinction in the two. He says, "The language of Heb. 4:12 suggests the extreme difficulty of distinguishing between the soul and the spirit, alike in their nature and in their activities. Generally speaking, the spirit may be recognized as the life principle bestowed on man by God, the soul as the resulting life constituted in the individual, the body being the material organism animated by soul and spirit."
1. "The spirit may be recognized as the life principle bestowed on man from God"-W. E. Vine.
2. "The body being the material organism"-W. E. Vine.
3. "The soul as the resulting life" "(a) The natural life of the body" - W. E. Vine.
Body + breath of life, spirit = a living being, a soul. This is true of both man and animals. The spirit–life principle came from God and returns to God (Ecclesiastes 12:7). The soul is the breathing creature whether a person or animal. What does he think is the immortal part of a person? The soul or spirit? He seems to say one (soul) at one time and the other (spirit) at another time.
If the soul (psukee) is, "An animate creature, human or other" how is it that he thinks people have souls but animals do not?
· He used four passages to prove the “soul” is now immortal.
· About forty to prove that the “soul” is now mortal, “the natural life of the body,” an “animate creature, human or other.” How could he know when psukee is something that is now immortal, and when the same word, psukee, is something that is now mortal?
The four passages Vine used
To prove we have an immortal, immaterial soul.
All the other passages where soul-psukee refers to a person he applied to the earthly person, not to an "immaterial, invisible part of a man."
(1). Matthew 10:28: See Gehenna in chapter four, second occasion.
(2). Acts 2:27: See hades in the New Testament in chapter six.
(3). 2 Corinthian 5:3-4: See number five below on his eight passages on spirit, “Longing to be clothed upon with our habitation which is from heaven.” He used this passage to prove we have both a soul and a spirit, and both are an “immaterial, invisible part of a person,” but he said the soul and spirit are not the same immortal being.
(4). Revelation 6:9: Souls under the altar See chapter eight, part three.
· Not one of his four passages has immortal or immortality in them.
W. E. VINE ON PNEUMA (SPIRIT)
THE EIGHT PASSAES VINE USED TO
PROVE A PERSON NOW HAS AN IMMORTAL SPIRIT
"Pneuma primarily denotes 'the wind' ('to breathe, blow'); also 'breath.'" W. E. Vine, Vine's Complete Expository Dictionary Of Old and New Testament Words, page 593.
(Note: While they are men who have learned more than most on Bible words, and we can learn from them, they are still just as human, just as uninspired as other men are, just as subject to err and be wrong, they are still men and hold to such things as Calvinism: Vine says, "Adam died on the day he disobeyed God. Genesis 2:17, and hence all mankind are born in the same spiritual condition" W. E. Vine, page 149, New Testament; and like the men who have made translations of the Bible, their views sometime show up in their work, intentional or unintentional; and we must not believe there can be no error in even the best lexicon or translations. They all have some, and no lexicon can be taken as law. McCord said Lexicons can be and are sometimes wrong. See "Lexicons Can Be Wrong" McCord, Guardian of Truth, page 448, 1996). In the early translations, one Greek word would be translated into many English words (an example-apollumi was translated into eight English words in the King James Version). A Lexicon wrote later would give all eight English words as the meaning of the one Greek word. Lexicons sometimes define a Greek word more by the way that word is used in the English translations than that by the way it was used in the Greek New Testament, if the English translations translate one Greek word 8 or 10 different English words, the lexicons give 8 or 10 different meanings of the one Greek word. The question is why did the early translations use many words to translate one word? By being able to translate one Greek word into many English words gives them the ability to make any verse not say something they did not want it to say. One word, nehphesh, is rendered with about forty-four different words in the King James Old Testament.
W. E. VINE'S EIGHTEEN WAYS "SPIRIT" IS USED
They are almost the same as the ways he says “soul” is used - see above. Of the eighteen ways Vine says the Greek word “pneuma” that is translated "spirit" is used in the Bible,
· Sixteen of the eighteen ways he says spirit is used in the New Testament are not used with reference to an undying "immaterial, invisible part of man."
· Only two - C and D are the only two of the eighteen different ways he says spirit is used, which he used to prove a person is a two-fold being, and they do not do it.
· Pneuma is used in the Greek New Testament 288 times. Of the 288 times pneuma is used, Vine says only 8 are speaking of an immortal spirit in persons.
None of the eight passages he used say anything about an immortality soul. Those eight do not prove we have either a spirit or a soul in us that is now immortal.
“Vine’s Complete Expository Dictionary,” page 593, he says when “spirit” is used in regard to a person it has reference to attitude, behavior, thinking, disposition, mood, courage, or temperament. As “a happy disposition,” “good attitude” or “bad mood.” These are all attitudes of a living person, not of an immortal something in a person.
He says spirit-pnuma when it used in regard to man:
1). Pneuma—spirit: to being not of this earth, God, Christ, Holy Spirit, angels, and other spirits both clean and unclean.
1. (k) The Holy Spirit
2. (m) Unclean spirits, demons
3. (n) Angels
2). Pneuma—spirit: to mortal man. W. E. Vine lists thirteen definition of “spirit” that makes "spirit" apply to mortal man.
· “Bad: As of bondage, As of a slave, Stupor, and Timidity”
· “Stupor”
· “Timidity”
· “Good: As of adoption, liberty as of a son, Faith, Quietness”
i. “Liberty as of a son”
ii. “Meekness”
iii. “Faith”
· “Quietness”
None of these says a person is a spirit being, but they all have reference to attitude or behavior of the person. Question: How does he know when the one word that is used in the Greek, “pneuma” has all these different meaning? Why does pneuma means “purposes” in 2 Corinthians 12:18 and “meekness in 1 Corinthians 4:21. Purposes and meekness are not 31st cousins, they are completely difference in meaning; how did he get both from pneuma? “Character” is nothing like purposes or meekness, yet he translates all three from the same Greek word.
3). Pneuma—spirit: to man. Vine lists two definition of "spirit" that is something immortal in man.
“What is immateriality? Strictly speaking it is, not material - not matter. In other words - it is not substance. What is that which has no substance? - What kind of creation is it? If the Creator formed "all things out of nothing," it would seem that man's soul has taken the form of its original, and is nothing still; for it is not matter, we are told. If it is said - "It is a spiritual substance" - I ask, What kind of substance is that, if it is not matter?” George Storrs, “Is There Immortality In Sin and Suffering?” 1885.
Vine's gives eight passages in (c) and (d) to prove a person now has in immortal “spirit.” (1) Luke 8:55; (2) Acts 7:59; (3) 1 Corinthians 5:5; (4) James 2:26; (5) 2 Corinthians 5:3-4; (6) Luke 24:37-39; (7) Hebrews 12:23; (8) 1 Peter 4:6, but he used about sixty-two passages where he says the same Greek word is something that is now mortal.
Passages which speak or mood, an attitude, frame of mind, behavior, thinking, disposition, courage, or temperament of a mortal person(s) in this life time, feeling that we can and do know about, not an immortal separate conscious entity that we have no way of knowing if it was troubled, stirred, fervent, or no way of knowing anything about it feeling or even if it has feeling.
· “He was troubled in spirit (pnuma)” (John 13:21)
o “Jesus was deeply troubled” New International Version
· “The wisdom and the spirit (pnuma) by which…” (Acts 6:10)
· “His spirit (pnuma) was stirred in him” (Acts 17:16)
o “He was greatly distressed” New International Version
· “Paul was pressed in the spirit (pnuma)” (Acts 18:5)
· “Being fervent in the spirit (pnuma)” (Acts 18:25)
o “He spoke with great fervor” New International Version
· “Paul purposed in the spirit (pnuma)” (Acts 19:21)
o “Paul made up his mind” Today’s English Version
· “Whom I serve with my spirit (pnuma)” (Romans 1:9)
o “Whom I serve with my whole heart” New International Version
· “But to be spiritually (pnuma) minded is life and peace” (Romans 8:6)
· “The spirit (pnuma) of bondage…the spirit (pnuma) of adoption” (Romans 8:15)
· “God gave then a spirit (pnuma) of stupor” (Romans 11:8)
· “Fervent in spirit (pnuma)” (Romans12:11)
· “Not the spirit (pnuma) of the world” (1 Corinthians 2:12)
· “In the spirit (pnuma) of meekness” (1 Corinthians 4:21)
o “With a gentle spirit” New International Version
o “A heart of love and gentleness” Today’s English Version
· “Being absent in body but present in spirit (pnuma)” (1 Corinthians 5:3)
·
“They have refreshed my
spirit