p. 19: The discussion in this chapter relies mainly upon the Anyang excavation reports and the studies by Tung Tso-pin and, most strongly, Ch'en Meng-chia. In English, the best work is stil H.G. Creel, The Birth of China, London 1936 and his more specialized Studies in Early Chinese Culture, Baltimore 1937.
p. 20: The possibility of a "megalithic" culture in the Far East has often been discussed, by O. Menghin, R.
Heine-Geldern, Cheng Tê-k'un, Ling Shun-sheng and others. Megaliths occur mainly in South-East Asia,
southern China, Korea and Japan.—Teng Ch'u-min and others believe that silk existed already in the time of
Yang-shao.
p. 21: Kuo Mo-jo believes, that the Shang already used a real plough drawn by animals. The main discussion on
ploughs in China is by Hsü Chung-shu; for general anthropological discussion see E. Werth and H. Kothe.
p. 22: For the discussion of the T'ao-t'ieh see the research by B. Karlgren and C. Hentze.
p. 23: I folow here mainly Ch'en Meng-chia, but work by B. Schindler, C. Hentze, H. Maspero and also my
own research has been considered.
p. 24: I am accepting here a narrow definition of feudalism (see my Conquerors and Rulers, Leiden 1952).—
The division of armies into "right" and "left" is interesting in the light of the theories concerning the importance of systems of orientation (Fr. Rock and others).
p. 25: Here, the work by W. Koppers, O. Spengler, F. Han[vc]ar, V.G. Childe and many others, concerning the
domestication of the horse and the introduction of the war-chariot in general, and work by Shih Chang-ju, Ch'en Meng-chia, O. Maenchen, Uchida Gimpu and others concerning horses, riding and chariots in China has been
used, in addition to my own research.
p. 26: Concerning the wild animals, I have relied upon Ch'en Meng-chia, Hsü Chung-shu and Tung Tso-pin.—
The discussion as to whether there was a period of "slave society" (as postulated by Marxist theory) in China, www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/11367/pg11367.html
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and when it flourished, is stil going on under the leadership of Kuo Mo-jo and his group. I prefer to differentiate between slaves and serfs, and relied for factual data upon texts from oracle bones, not upon historical texts.—
The problem of Shang chronology is stil not solved, in spite of extensive work by Liu Ch'ao-yang, Tung Tso-pin and many Japanese and Western scholars. The old chronology, however, seems to be rejected by most scholars
now.