p. 167: For genealogies and rules of giving names, I use my own research and the study by W. Bauer.
p. 168: For Emperor Wen Ti, I rely mainly upon A.F. Wright's above-mentioned article, but also upon O.
Franke.
p. 169: The relevant texts concerning the T'u-chüeh are available in French (E. Chavannes) and recently also in German translation (Liu Mau-tsai, Die chinesischen Nachrichten zur Geschichte der Ost-T[vu]rken,
Wiesbaden 1958, 2 vol.).—The Tölös are caled T'e-lo in Chinese sources; the T'u-yü-hun are caled Aza in
Central Asian sources (P. Peliot, A. Minorsky, F.W. Thomas, L. Hambis, et al.). The most important text concerning the T'u-yü-hun had been translated by Th. D. Carol, Account of the T'u-yü-hun in the History of the Chin Dynasty, Berkeley 1953.
p. 171: The transcription of names on this and on the other maps could not be adjusted to the transcription of the text for technical reasons.
p. 172: It is possible that I have underestimated the role of Li Yüan. I relied here mainly upon O. Franke and upon W. Bingham's The Founding of the T'ang Dynasty, Baltimore 1941.
p. 173: The best comprehensive study of T'ang economy in a Western language is stil E. Balazs's work. I relied, however, strongly upon Wan Kuo-ting, Yang Chung-i, Kat[=o] Shigeru, J. Gernet, T. Naba, Nida Noboru,
Yoshimi Matsumoto.
pp. 173-4: For the description of the administration I used my own studies and the work of R. des Rotours; for the military organization I used Kikuchi Hideo. A real study of Chinese army organization and strategy does not yet exist. The best detailed study, but for the Han period, is written by H. Maspero.
p. 174: For the first occurrence of the title tu-tu we used W. Eichhorn; in the form tutuq the title occurs since 646 in Central Asia (J. Hamilton).
p. 177: The name T'u-fan seems to be a transcription of Tüpöt which, in turn, became our Tibet. (J. Hamilton).
—The Uighurs are the Hui-ho or Hui-hu of Chinese sources.
p. 179: On relations with Central Asia and the West see Ho Chien-min and Hsiang Ta, whose classical studies
on Ch'ang-an city life have recently been strongly criticized by Chinese scholars.—Some authors (J.K. Rideout) point to the growing influence of eunuchs in this period.—The sources paint the pictures of the Empress Wu in
very dark colours. A more detailed study of this period seems to be necessary.
p. 180: The best study of "family privileges" ( yin) in general is by E.A. Kracke, Civil Service in Early Sung China, Cambridge, Mass. 1953.
p. 180-1: The economic importance of organized Buddhism has been studied by many authors, especialy J.
Gernet, Yang Lien-sheng, Ch'üan Han-sheng, K. Tamai and R. Michihata.
www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/11367/pg11367.html
215/257
8/15/12
www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/11367/pg11367.html
p. 182: The best comprehensive study on T'ang prose in English is stil E.D. Edwards, Chinese Prose
Literature of the T'ang Period, London 1937-8, 2 vol. On Li T'ai-po and Po Chü-i we have wel-written
books by A. Waley, The Poetry and Career of Li Po, London 1951 and The Life and Times of Po Chü-i, London 1950.—On the "free poem" ( tz[)u]), which technicaly is not a free poem, see A. Hoffmann and Hu Shih. For the early Chinese theatre, the classical study is stil Wang Kuo-wei's analysis, but there is an almost unbelievable number of studies constantly written in China and Japan, especialy on the later theatre and drama.
p. 184: Conditions at the court of Hsüan Tsung and the life of Yang Kui-fei have been studied by Howard Levy
and others, An Lu-shan's importance mainly by E.G. Puleyblank, The Background of the Rebellion of An Lu-
shan, London 1955.
p. 187: The tax reform of Yang Yen has been studied by K. Hino; the most important figures in T'ang economic
history are Liu Yen (studied by Chü Ch'ing-yüan) and Lu Chih (754-805; studied by E. Balazs and others).
pp. 187-8: The conditions at the time of this persecution are wel described by E.O. Reischauer, Ennin's
Travels in T'ang China, New York 1955, on the basis of his Ennin's Diary. The Record of a Pilgrimage to China, New York 1955. The persecution of Buddhism has been analysed in its economic character by Nida
Noboru and other Japanese scholars.—Metal statues had to be delivered to the Salt and Iron Office in order to
be converted into cash; iron statues were colected by local offices for the production of agricultural implements; figures in gold, silver or other rare materials were to be handed over to the Finance Office. Figures made of
stone, clay or wood were not affected (Michihata).
p. 189: It seems important to note that popular movements are often not led by simple farmers of members of the lower classes. There are other salt merchants and persons of similar status known as leaders.
p. 190: For the Sha-t'o, I am relying upon my own research. Tatars are the Ta-tan of the Chinese sources. The
term is here used in a narrow sense.