20. PRELIMINARY MODEL FOR GRAND UNIFIED THEORY (GUT)
Richard Lighthouse
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Original - 28 February 2014
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Preliminary Model for Grand Unified Theory (GUT)
Abstract
This technical note builds upon the previously released Mathematical Solution Unifying
the Fundamental Forces, by providing a model and diagrams describing how the Electrical
Universe (EU) operates. Conclusions include: (1) Mass is not just a property of matter,
it is a dimension. (2) Fundamental forces do not govern the motion of matter, rather
fundamental forces create mass as a dimension that we experience in a physical-blinking
universe. (3) Fundamental forces are continuous and can be described using Analog
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (Analog QAM). (4) Physical particles and matter
are not continuous (discrete) and can be described using discrete Quadrature
Amplitude Modulation (Digital QAM).
Possible limitations of the model are discussed and suggestions for further efforts. This
paper will only be meaningful to those with a background in math, physics, and/or
engineering. Each reader must comprehend that our universe literally blinks off and on,
more than 1 trillion times every second.
A new approach to modeling matter, energy, and forces is described in this technical note.
The hypothesis behind this approach describes a mathematical basis for an Electrical
Universe:
1) An Electrical Universe (EU) exists which forms the underlying structure for all
physical universes, such as our own.
2) In our terms, this Electrical Universe consists of zero dimensions – it is a single point.
3) This Electrical Universe consists of electrical charges of varying intensity (Volts) and
Range (Amp*sec).
Energy = Joules = Volts*Amp*sec
4) This EU exists independently from our physical universe, however, our physical
universe “overlays” and is dependent upon the physics that reside within the EU.
5) All interactions for matter and physical universes are governed by the physics within
the EU.
6) This single point varies in electrical charge intensity (Volts), creating a fundamental
carrier wave.
7) The Electrical Universe is an analog-continuous system, whereas our physical
universe is a discrete-digital system. (i.e., our physical universe blinks off and on.)
8) Everything that we experience in a our physical universe can be reduced to electrical
charges (volts) operating at characteristic Electrical Frequencies or Range (amp*sec) in
the Electrical Universe.
Discussion and Background:
From Figure 1, we see that Einstein's model of the universe included all of Newton's
concepts, while extending them. Any new model will need to include Newton's ideas,
Einstein's ideas, and other recent ideas that have some experimental evidence in
laboratories.
If a new model is to be formulated, it would need to explain a mathematical relationship
between the fundamental forces:
Including
1. Electromagnetism
2. Gravitation
3. Strong Force
4. Weak Force
and ideally include explanations for time travel, antimatter, and parallel universes.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
As the physical universe has an electromagnetic spectrum, so does the Electrical
Universe. But it is important to keep in mind that the properties and function are
different that what we might expect. It requires a different way of thinking.
Figure 2. Spectrum for our physical universe. Ref: NIST
Fig 3. Spectrum for the Electrical Universe (representative only).
Correction: “Electrical Frequency” should read as “Electrical Range.”
Some interesting points to make: While we can see frequencies of visible light, we
cannot see radio waves because they are not within the visible frequency range. By
the same analogy, we cannot “see” dreams in our physical universe, because their
Electrical Frequency or Range is not within our range. Nor can we “see” emotional
intensities within our physical universe, but we can see their effect.
Figure 4. The four fundamental forces in nature. Each of the 4 forces varies continuously
within a discrete (blinking) universe, however, they are really four aspects of the same
force originating within the Electrical Universe.
For gravitational acceleration, we will find when measured in small, discrete time intervals,
it will vary between zero and a maximum value of approximately:
= 9.81/0.637 = 15.4 m/s2
However, the “time-averaged” value of gravitational acceleration will remain
at 9.81 m/s2
Similarly, Coulomb's Constant will seem to vary continuously between zero and
14.11E9 Nm2/c2, while still having a time-averaged value of 8.988E9 Nm2/c2
From the perspective of the Electrical Universe, whenever a force is initiated – there is no
place to “move,” because there is no distance or time. Everything exists within a single
point. A force is resolved by expressing a dimension that we call mass, into a discrete
universe of 4-Dimensional spacetime. Mass is therefore the discrete expression of a
analog force into a discrete universe.
One analogy of this idea, is water and ice. Water and ice are not different things – they
are different expressions of the same thing. Water is expressed as ice in an environment
where the temperature is below zero celcius. In a environment that is much hotter, it can
be expressed as steam. Likewise, forces can be expressed as something completely
different in other universes.
Think in terms of the Electrical Universe. What we experience as a gravitational force
is a “time-averaged” force. This means that the gravitational force varies continuously,
in our terms. The 4 fundamental forces are simultaneously varying all the time, in our terms,
and depending on when we “freeze” an instantaneous slice of time – will determine the
actual force(s) that will be measured. This is true for all of the 4 fundamental forces, in
our terms.
The fundamental carrier wave (10^10,000 cycles per second) exists at a single point which continuously varies its voltage. The “time-averaged” value of this fundamental voltage is zero because it varies evenly between negative and positive. It is nearly impossible for us to
measure its frequency (cycles/sec) in the physical universe or in the Electrical
Universe (Amp*sec) because it is a very high frequency (near-infinite). Recall from
Nyquist-Shannon theory that it would be necessary to sample the fundamental carrier wave
at twice its operating frequency. The fundamental carrier wave can be described as:
Formation of Matter and Antimatter
Figure 8. Note that when our physical universe seems to “blink off,” the antimatter
universe “blinks on”; although the fundamental carrier wave, never stops and does not
blink - it is continuous. The Fundamental Carrier Wave operates at 200% amplitude
modulation which creates the blinking effect.
Dimensional Translation Units (DTUs)
Dimensional Translation Units are defined as follows:
These DTUs describe the “coordinate system” transfer between our physical universe and
the Electrical Universe. These are just a few examples, and there are others. The implicit
goal is to “translate” back to the Electrical Universe, where forces are analog and
continuous.
frequency ------ 1/sec ----> multiply by Amp*sec2
and it becomes = Amp*sec (this is Electrical Frequency or Range)
Some examples for clarification:
Some readers may be confused at this point. This is understandable and a suggestion
is provided. Think in terms of the Electrical Universe. This can eliminate much of the
confusion.
A chair sits in a room. A force is applied to move the chair. (suggestion: think in terms of
the Electrical Universe)
The chair is energy. It has a Joule value of
Jchair1 = Volts * (Amp*sec) 1
We apply a force that moves the chair and can be expressed in the Electrical Universe
as V*Amp*sec. The chair's mass has not significantly changed, but its position in the
room has changed.
Jchair1 = Jchair2
The only significant change is its Electrical Frequency or Range (Amp*sec), which
we perceive as a different distance in the room. This change can be very small, but
we perceive the distance, i.e;
1.0 Amp*1.0 Sec1 = .99 Amp*1.1 Sec2
We might deduce then, that mass and “range” of an object are fundamental properties in
the Electrical Universe, in our terms. Shape, size, color and texture of an object are not
fundamental properties in the Electrical Universe and are arbitrarily set by the viewers
in a Physical Universe. Again, this is in our terms.
Example 2.
A simple gravitational force problem:
F = m*a
or
the acceleration constant is typically thought of as the constant for gravitational force
or 9.81 m/s2
However, for this example, this inverse quantity can also be thought of as a Dimensional
Translation Unit (DTU) that translates an analog force in the Electrical Universe into a
discrete mass in our physical universe. Keep in mind that the gravitational force, in our
terms, is changing constantly at a very high frequency, but the time-averaged
value (9.81 m/s2 ) is what we perceive on a scale of minutes or hours. In our physical
universe, fundamental forces and masses are the same thing; like water and ice are
fundamentally the same thing. A mass can legitimately be called a “frozen force.”
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
Obvious patterns are immediately noted between the constellations of Analog QAM
and the force model here:
Analog QAM can be modeled,
where s is the signal, I and Q are the 2 signals to be mixed. R is the real component.
Digital QAM
Obvious patterns are immediately noted between the constellations of Digital QAM
and the standard model here:
Readers can review, “Elementary Particles: Cracking the Code," to see how Digital
1024-QAM is used to model elementary particles.
Possible Limitations of the Model
This technical paper, the model described herein and its summary of conclusions are
not intended to be comprehensive. Rather, it is intended to be an introduction to a
different approach of thinking and perceiving our physical universe. There may be
limitations of the model, in both experimental results and predictive results. As the
model can provide opportunities to predict future elementary particles and structures,
such tests may be limited by inherent experimental structures and the hardware used for
testing. There may also be limitations in our understanding of the Electrical Universe (EU),
which can be modified in future technical papers.
It has further been noted that the assumed point charge of varying voltage, which
creates the fundamental carrier wave, cannot have a potential without respect to another
point. However, in theory, the “time average” value of the voltage is zero because it can
be assumed to vary evenly from negative to positive. One example of this independent
voltage might be the synchrotron, where a voltage potential exists but does not have a
unique reference to another point, ie.. the “time averaged” voltage is zero.
Other limitations:
The precise frequency that our physical universe appears to blink, off and on, is not known.
It is estimated at 1.1 THz [17]
From the basis of the model, the blinking appears to occur due to amplitude modulation
of the fundamental carrier wave in the Electrical Universe.
Probabilities
There is only one Electrical Universe, while there are a near-infinite number of physical
universes, and probabilities are involved. For example, probabilities could demonstrate
that
the gravitational force between the earth and moon, could create a probable universe
where the earth and moon both have twice their current mass, but at double the distance
apart - and the force would be the same. We would call this an alternate or probable
universe. There are a near-infinite number of these probabilities and they are just as
real and valid as our own physical universe.
The Law of Unification is threefold then,
Energy = Joules = (Volts) * (Amp*sec)
1. Everything in human experience can be expressed as an Electrical Mass (volts)
operating at a characteristic Electrical Frequency (amp*sec). This includes forces
and masses, but also dreams, thoughts, and emotions.
2. For any mass or particle, the vector sum of all forces in the Electrical Universe is
always equal to zero. This solution is necessarily true for all dimensions and in all
universes, because properties in the Electrical Universe govern all physical universes.
3. The sum of all moments in the Electrical Universe will also be zero.
A new model is proposed which describes an Electrical Universe containing fundamental
forces. This model operates in much the same way as an AM radio broadcast. What is
unusual about the model – by using the mathematics associated with amplitude
modulation we discover that the physical characteristics of matter in a physical universe
are predictable. From the perspective of the Electrical Universe: There is no such thing
as time. There are no distances. Mass is not just a property of matter – it is a Dimension.
Mass is a dimension created by fundamental forces, in our terms. A Mass is not governed
by forces, it is the resultant of a force expressed into a physical universe. An analog force
exists in the Electrical Universe, a discrete mass will exist in our physical universe.
Matter and physical particles are not governed by fundamental forces - Fundamental
forces literally create physical mass, in our terms. The important thing to study, then, is
the force that causes the appearance of a mass in a physical universe. Because the
physical universe blinks off and on, each mass is newly constructed at a very high
frequency. In other physical universes, this same force may cause the appearance of
something completely different. Our physical universe then, is one probable resultant of
the force - probabilities are therefore involved.
This explains why the analog QAM vector chart displays forces in the Electrical Universe,
while the discrete QAM method displays physical particles in a physical universe. When
using the analog model of QAM, forces are defined; and when using the discrete model,
particles are defined.
A simple mathematical approach has been defined in this paper which models the
elementary particle table. It further suggests that numerous new particles will be
discovered and placed on a standard table which can be modeled according to
digital (1024-QAM).
Summary of Conclusions:
1. Mass is not simply a property of matter – it is a dimension. Mass is the expression of
an analog force into a physical-blinking universe.
2. The passage of time is not a dimension, rather it is an illusion.
3. Fundamental forces do not govern the motion of matter, rather fundamental forces
create mass as a dimension that we experience in a physical-blinking universe.
4. Fundamental forces are continuous and exist in the Electrical Universe (EU).
Fundamental forces can be described using Analog Quadrature Amplitude
Modulation (Analog QAM).
5. Physical universes are not continuous and blink off and on, in our terms. Physical
matter and particles can be described using discrete Quadrature Amplitude
Modulation (Digital QAM).
6. The mathematical aspect of Probabilities will need to be considered with this
preliminary model to account for the vast combination of probabilities (parallel universes)
that are possible at any given moment.
7. The Electrical Universe model provided in the hypothesis, is a sufficient theoretical
framework to explain time travel [2] and parallel universes.[3] These concepts can be
explained as simply changes in operating Electrical Frequency or Range (i.e., the mass
does not change). The value of energy change can be expressed as equal to a quantity of (volts)*(amp*sec).
8. Grand Unification means: Everything that occurs in human experience can be
expressed as an electrical charge (volts) operating at a characteristic Electrical
Range (amp*sec), including the fundamental forces. This also includes things that
were previously confined to the mind such as dreams, emotions, thoughts, etc.
Energy = Joules = (Volts) * (Amp*sec)
This document is a living document. The author reserves the right to make corrections
and changes.
1. Richard Lighthouse, Preliminary Investigation into the Nature of Time, lulu.com, 2010.
2. Richard Lighthouse, Time Travel: An Approximate Mathematical Solution, lulu.com, 2013.
3. Richard Lighthouse, The Discovery of Parallel Universes, amazon.com, 2013.
4. Richard Lighthouse, Characteristics of the Lighthouse Frequency, amazon.com, 2013.
5. Seth (Jane Roberts) Early Sessions, Book 2, Session 61, 1964. “Antimatter exists
in your own universe... having what I will call antigravity, and in what I will call antispace.
If you will now remember that there are negative intervals, or intervals between the
pulsations of energy into matter, if you will remember that your physical universe then is
nonexistent for the same number of intervals that it is existent, then you will see that this
gives us our antimatter.”
6. Seth (Jane Roberts) Unknown Reality, Volume 1, Session 684, 1974. “The world
literally blinks off and on. This reality of fluctuation in no way bothers your own feeling of
consistency, however. The "holes of nonexistence" are plugged up by the process
of selectivity.”
7. Seth (Jane Roberts) Early Sessions, Book 2, Session 60, 1964. “Matter is continually
created, but no particular physical object is in itself continuous... No particular physical
particle exists for any amount of time. It exists and disappears, and is instantaneously
replaced by another.”
8. Seth (Jane Roberts) Early Sessions, Book 3, Session 131, 1965. “Dream locations
do not take up any space physically, it is true, but they are composed of electrical mass
density and intensity.”
9. Seth (Jane Roberts) Early Sessions, Book 3, Session 122, 1965. “Because your
system is dependent upon the electrical system in one way or another, counterparts exist
within the electrical system for all such phenomena. However, the electrical system
contains phenomena that does not appear within your system, although some projections
from it may be perceived.”
10. Seth (Jane Roberts) Early Sessions, Book 3, Session 128, 1965. “All psychological
realities and experiences which are not materialized within the physical universe have
their actual reality and existence within the electrical universe.”
11. Seth (Jane Roberts) Early Sessions, Book 3, Session 123, 1965. “Dimensions do
indeed exist within this electrical field of which I have spoken, and it should be understood
that I speak of an independent electrical field, and not of the weak, apparent electrical
effects that can be observed within the brain or nervous system.”
12. Seth (Jane Roberts) Early Sessions, Book 1, Session 19, 1964. “Your scientists can
count their elements. While they are on the wrong track they will discover more and
more elements. That is, they will create more and discover more until they are ready to go
out of their minds...They will be and they are prisoners of their own tools.”
13. Seth (Jane Roberts) Early Sessions, Book 3, Session 122, 1965. “Now again:
regardless of current scientific thought, there are at least three different kinds of electric
force which your scientists have not yet discovered, and one of these has much to do with
the intensity of thoughts as they are formed in the intangible mind...”
[Author's note: 1.Ordinary Thoughts, 2.Psychological Intensities, and 3.Emotional Intensities.]
14. Seth (Jane Roberts) Early Sessions, Book 8, Session 410, 1968. “Your scientific fields
of endeavor may stumble upon the mathematical probabilities involved in such other
fields [parallel and probable universes] within perhaps a 60-year period, but they will not
recognize the significance of the discovery—which will probably be made in an attempt to
obtain more data concerning an idea related